CO electrolysis to multicarbon products over grain boundary-rich Cu nanoparticles in membrane electrode assembly electrolyzers.

Producing valuable chemicals like ethylene via catalytic carbon monoxide conversion is an important nonpetroleum route. Here we demonstrate an electrochemical route for highly efficient synthesis of multicarbon (C2+) chemicals from CO. We achieve a C2+ partial current density as high as 4.35 ± 0.07 A cm-2 at a low cell voltage of 2.78 ± 0.01 V over a grain boundary-rich Cu nanoparticle catalyst in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer, with a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 87 ± 1% and a CO conversion of 85 ± 3%. Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the grain boundaries of Cu nanoparticles facilitate CO adsorption and C - C coupling, thus rationalizing a qualitative trend between C2+ production and grain boundary density. A scale-up demonstration using an electrolyzer stack with five 100 cm2 MEAs achieves high C2+ and ethylene formation rates of 118.9 mmol min-1 and 1.2 L min-1, respectively, at a total current of 400 A (4 A cm-2) with a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 64%.

In silico nonlinear dynamic finite-element analysis for biaxial flexural strength testing of CAD/CAM materials.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish and assess the validity of in silico models of biaxial flexural strength (BFS) tests to reflect in vitro physical properties obtained from two commercially available computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic blocks and one CAD/CAM resin composite block. METHODS: In vitro three-point bending and BFS tests were conducted for three CAD/CAM materials (n = 10): Katana Zirconia ST10 (raw material: super-translucent multilayered zirconia, ST10; Kuraray Noritake Dental, Niigata, Japan), Katana Zirconia HT10 (raw material: highly translucent multilayered zirconia, HT10; Kuraray Noritake Dental), and Katana Avencia N (AN; Kuraray Noritake Dental). Densities, flexural moduli, and fracture strains were obtained from the in vitro three-point bending test and used as an input for an in silico nonlinear finite element analysis. The maximum principal stress (MPS) distribution was obtained from an in silico BFS analysis. RESULTS: The elastic moduli of AN, HT10, and ST10 were 6.513, 40.039, and 32.600 GPa, respectively. The in silico fracture pattern of ST10 observed after the in silico evaluation was similar to the fracture pattern observed after the in vitro testing. The MPS was registered in the center of the tensile surface for all three specimens. The projections of the supporting balls were in the form of a triple asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: The in silico approach established in this study provided an acceptable reflection of in vitro physical properties, and will be useful to assess biaxial flexural properties of CAD/CAM materials without wastage of materials.

CAD-CAM resin composites: Effective components for further development.

OBJECTIVE: This paper summarizes the effective components of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resin composites that contribute to achieving greater mechanical properties and further development. METHODS: In silico multi-scale analysis, in silico nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis (FEA), and artificial intelligence (AI) were used to explore the effective components of CAD-CAM resin composites. The effects of the filler diameter and silane coupling ratio on the mechanical properties of CAD-CAM resin composites have been clarified through multi-scale analysis. The effects of the filler contents, and filler and monomer compositions have been investigated by AI algorithms. The fracture behavior of CAD-CAM composite crown was analyzed using in silico non-linear dynamic FEA. The longevity of CAD-CAM composite crown was assessed through step-stress accelerating life testing (SSALT). RESULTS: As the filler diameter decreases, there is an increase in elastic moduli and compressive strengths at the macroscale. At the nanoscale, a decrease in the filler diameter results in a decrease in the maximum value of the maximum principal strain. When the silane coupling ratio decreases, there is a decrease in the elastic modulus and compressive strength. According to the exhaustive search and feature importance analysis based on the AI algorithm, the combination of certain components was narrowed down to achieve a flexural strength of 269.5 MPa. The in silico non-linear FEA successfully detected the sign of the initial crack of the CAD-CAM composite molar crown. The SSALT revealed that CAD-CAM resin composite molar crowns containing nanofillers with a high fraction of resin matrix demonstrated great longevity. SIGNIFICANCE: This paper summarized the effective components of CAD-CAM resin composites for their further development. The integration of in vitro and in silico approaches will expedite the advancement of CAD-CAM resin composites, offering benefits such as time efficiency and reduction of material waste for researchers and manufacturers.

Hardness and electronic properties of Si-C-N structures.

Three novel hexagonal Si-C-N structures, namely SiC3N3, SiC7N6, and SiC13N14, were constructed on the basis of the α-Si3N4 crystal structure. The stability of the three structures is demonstrated by analyzing their elastic constants and phonon dispersion spectra and by calculating their formation energies. The calculated band structures and partial densities of states suggest that the SiC3N3 and SiC7N6 structures possess hole conductivity. The electron orbital analyses indicate that the SiC3N3 and SiC7N6 crystals possess three-dimensional and one-dimensional conductivity, respectively. SiC13N14 is a semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 4.39 eV. Based on two different hardness models and indentation shear stress calculations, the Vickers hardness values of SiC3N3, SiC7N6, and SiC13N14 are estimated to be 28.04/28.45/16.18 GPa, 31.17/34.19/20.24 GPa, and 40.60/41.59/36.40 GPa. This result indicates that SiC3N3 and SiC7N6 are conductive hard materials while SiC13N14 is a quasi superhard material.

AKAP12 inhibits esophageal squamous carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) consistently ranks as one of the most challenging variants of squamous cell carcinomas, primarily due to the lack of effective early detection strategies. We herein aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and biological role associated with A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) in the context of ESCC. Bioinformatic analysis had revealed significantly lower expression level of AKAP12 in ESCC tissue samples than in their non-cancerous counterparts. To gain deeper insights into the potential role of AKAP12 in the progression of ESCC, we conducted a single-gene set enrichment analysis of AKAP12 on ESCC datasets. Our findings suggested that AKAP12 exhibits functions inhibiting cell cycle progression, tumor proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. To further validate our findings, we subjected ESCC cell lines to AKAP12 overexpression using CRISPR/Cas9-SAM. In vitro analyses demonstrated that increased expression of AKAP12 significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. Simultaneously, genes associated with this biological role undergo corresponding regulatory shifts. These observations provided valuable insights into the biological role played by AKAP12 in ESCC progression. In summary, AKAP12 shows promise as a new potential biomarker for early ESCC diagnosis, offering potential advantages for subsequent therapeutic intervention and disease management.

Directing the Selectivity of CO Electrolysis to Acetate by Constructing Metal-Organic Interfaces.

Electrochemically converting CO2 to valuable chemicals holds great promise for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. Owing to complex reaction pathways and shared rate-determining steps, directing the selectivity of CO2 /CO electrolysis to a specific multicarbon product is very challenging. We report here a strategy for highly selective production of acetate from CO electrolysis by constructing metal-organic interfaces. We demonstrate that the Cu-organic interfaces constructed by in situ reconstruction of Cu complexes show very impressive acetate selectivity, with a high Faradaic efficiency of 84.2 % and a carbon selectivity of 92.1 % for acetate production, in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer. The maximum acetate partial current density and acetate yield reach as high as 605 mA cm-2 and 63.4 %, respectively. Thorough structural characterizations, control experiments, operando Raman spectroscopy measurements, and density functional theory calculation results indicate that the Cu-organic interface creates a favorable reaction microenvironment that enhances *CO adsorption, lowers the energy barrier for C-C coupling, and facilitates the formation of CH3 COOH over other multicarbon products, thus rationalizing the selective acetate production.

Impact of internal design on the accuracy of 3-dimensionally printed casts fabricated by stereolithography and digital light processing technology.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Altering the internal design of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed dental casts may help to reduce material and time consumption. However, it remains unclear whether such changes would compromise the accuracy of the casts. Further research is also needed to determine the optimal internal design that would maximize printing accuracy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of internal design on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of 3D printed dental casts fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) technology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A reference digital cast was obtained by scanning a maxillary typodont with an intraoral scanner to create 4 types of internal designs, including hollow interior with perforated base (HWB), hollow interior without base (HB), all solid (S), and internal support structure with perforated base (SWB). Digital casts with different internal designs were printed by two 3D printers with different technologies (SLA and DLP). The printed casts were scanned by a desktop scanner to obtain standard tessellation language (STL) format research digital casts. All reference and research digital casts were imported into a software program for comparison and analysis of accuracy. Differences between the reference and research digital casts were quantitatively indicated by the root mean square (RMS) value. The Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA was used to test significant differences between the different internal design types and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to test significant differences between the two 3D printers (α=.05). RESULTS: The Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the trueness and precision of different internal design types (all P<.001) for casts printed by both 3D printers. The trueness and precision were significantly worse for the HB design than for the other design types for casts printed by both 3D printers (all P<.05). Regardless of the design type, the trueness was significantly better for casts printed by the SLA-based printer than for casts printed by the DLP-based printer (all P<.05). The precision was significantly worse for casts printed by the SLA-based printer than for casts printed by the DLP-based printer (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The internal design may affect the accuracy of 3D printing. The base is necessary to ensure the accuracy of 3D printed dental casts, whereas the internal support structure did not affect the accuracy of 3D printed dental casts. An all-solid design led to higher precision, but not higher trueness. Dental casts printed with SLA technology have higher trueness and lower precision than those printed with DLP technology.

In vitro analysis of durability of S-PRG filler-containing composite crowns for primary molar restoration.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability, maximum principal stress, shear stress, and crack initiation of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composite (RC) incorporating surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) filler for primary molar teeth. METHODS: Mandibular primary molar crowns fabricated by experimental (EB) or commercially available CAD/CAM RCs (HC) were prepared and cemented to a resinous abutment tooth using an adhesive resin cement (Cem) or a conventional glass-ionomer cement (CX). These specimens were subjected to a single compressive test (n = 5/each) and the step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) (n = 12/each). Data was evaluated using Weibull analyses and reliability was calculated. Afterwards, the maximum principal stress and crack initiation point of each crown was analyzed by finite element analysis. To evaluate bonding of EB and HC to dentin, microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing was conducted using primary molar teeth (n = 10/each). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the fracture loads of EB and HC for either cement (p > 0.05). The fracture loads of EB-CX and HC-CX were significantly lower than EB-Cem and HC-Cem (p < 0.05). The reliability at 600 N for EB-Cem was greater than that for EB-CX, HC-Cem, and HC-CX. The maximum principal stress concentrated on EB was lower than that on HC. The shear stress concentrated in the cement layer for EB-CX was higher than that for HC-CX. There was no significant difference among the µTBSs of EB-Cem, EB-CX, HC-Cem, and HC-CX (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The crowns fabricated with the experimental CAD/CAM RC incorporating S-PRG filler yielded greater fracture loads and reliability than the crowns manufactured with commercially available CAD/CAM RC regardless of the luting materials. These findings suggest that the experimental CAD/CAM RC crown may be clinically useful for the restoration of primary molars.

The Role of Interfacial Water in CO2 Electrolysis over Ni-N-C Catalyst in a Membrane Electrode Assembly Electrolyzer.

CO2 electrolysis is a promising route for achieving net-zero emission through decarbonization. To realize CO2 electrolysis toward practical application, beyond catalyst structures, it is also critical to rationally manipulate catalyst microenvironments such as the water at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, the role of interfacial water in CO2 electrolysis over Ni-N-C catalyst modified with different polymers is investigated. Benefiting from a hydrophilic electrode/electrolyte interface, the Ni-N-C catalyst modified with quaternary ammonia poly(N-methyl-piperidine-co-p-terphenyl) shows a Faradaic efficiency of 95% and a partial current density of 665 mA cm-2 for CO production in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer. A scale-up demonstration using a 100 cm2 electrolyzer achieves a CO production rate of 514 mL min-1 at a current of 80 A. In-situ microscopy and spectroscopy measurements indicate that the hydrophilic interface significantly promotes the formation of the *COOH intermediate, rationalizing the high CO2 electrolysis performance.

Coverage-driven selectivity switch from ethylene to acetate in high-rate CO2/CO electrolysis.

Tuning catalyst microenvironments by electrolytes and organic modifications is effective in improving CO2 electrolysis performance. An alternative way is to use mixed CO/CO2 feeds from incomplete industrial combustion of fossil fuels, but its effect on catalyst microenvironments has been poorly understood. Here we investigate CO/CO2 co-electrolysis over CuO nanosheets in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyser. With increasing CO pressure in the feed, the major product gradually switches from ethylene to acetate, attributed to the increased CO coverage and local pH. Under optimized conditions, the Faradaic efficiency and partial current density of multicarbon products reach 90.0% and 3.1 A cm-2, corresponding to a carbon selectivity of 100.0% and yield of 75.0%, outperforming thermocatalytic CO hydrogenation. The scale-up demonstration using an electrolyser stack achieves the highest ethylene formation rate of 457.5 ml min-1 at 150 A and acetate formation rate of 2.97 g min-1 at 250 A.

Development of artificial intelligence model for supporting implant drilling protocol decision making.

Purpose This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to support the determination of an appropriate implant drilling protocol using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Methods Anonymized CBCT images were obtained from 60 patients. For each case, after implant placement, images of the bone regions at the implant site were extracted from 20 slices of CBCT images. Based on the actual drilling protocol, the images were classified into three categories: protocols A, B, and C. A total of 1,200 images were divided into training and validation datasets (n = 960, 80%) and a test dataset (n = 240, 20%). Another 240 images (80 images for each type) were extracted from the 60 cases as test data. An AI model based on LeNet-5 was developed using these data sets. The accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F-value, area under the curve (AUC) value, and receiver operating curve were calculated.Results The accuracy of the trained model is 93.8%. The sensitivity results for drilling protocols A, B, and C were 97.5%, 95.0%, and 85.0%, respectively, while those for protocols A, B, and C were 86.7%, 92.7%, and 100%, respectively, and the F values for protocols A, B, and C were 91.8%, 93.8%, and 91.9%, respectively. The AUC values for protocols A, B, and C are 98.6%, 98.6%, and 99.4%, respectively.Conclusions The AI model established in this study was effective in predicting drilling protocols from CBCT images before surgery, suggesting the possibility of developing a decision-making support system to promote primary stability.

Complete response to sotorasib as neoadjuvant treatment in patient with locally advanced primary pulmonary sarcoma harboring KRAS mutation: a case report.

Background: Primary pulmonary sarcoma (PPS) is very rare relative to other subtypes of lung cancer. Therefore, evidence-based treatment options for PPS patients have remained unclear. Identification of actionable cancer driver mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has provided the chance to use targeted treatments and improve patient clinical outcomes. In addition to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the wide use of high-throughput genomic profiling with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has also identified other cancer driver genes such as Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET). Case Description: In our study, we reported a locally advanced PPS patient harboring KRAS G12C mutation. The clinical stage before neoadjuvant treatment was stage IIIB (c.T3N2M0). The direct KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib (AMG-510) was used as neoadjuvant treatment and the patient achieved complete response (CR). Then, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with reserved spontaneous breathing for surgical resection. The pathological evaluation was indicative of pathological CR (pCR). Further follow-ups are required to evaluate the long-term clinical benefit of neoadjuvant treatment with sotorasib and surgical resection with VATS. Conclusions: To our knowledge, it was the first study to use sotorasib for a PPS patient harboring KRAS G12C mutation in a neoadjuvant setting. Further follow-ups are required to evaluate the long-term clinical benefit of neoadjuvant treatment with sotorasib and surgical resection with VATS.

Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol over a Carbon-Coated CuOx Catalyst.

The design of efficient copper(Cu)-based catalysts is critical for CO2 electroreduction into multiple carbon products. However, most Cu-based catalysts are favorable for ethylene production while selective production of ethanol with high Faradaic efficiency and current density still remains a great challenge. Herein, we design a carbon-coated CuOx (CuOx @C) catalyst through one-pot pyrolysis of Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF), which exhibits high selectivity for CO2 electroreduction to ethanol with Faradaic efficiency of 46 %. Impressively, the partial current density of ethanol reaches 166 mA cm-2 , which is higher than that of most reported catalysts. Operando Raman spectra indicate that the carbon coating can efficiently stabilize Cu+ species under CO2 electroreduction conditions, which promotes the C-C coupling step. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the carbon layer can tune the key intermediate *HOCCH goes the hydrogenation pathway toward ethanol production.

Effects of standard and total two-field lymph node dissection on prognosis of patients undergoing Esophagectomy.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of standard two-field lymph node dissection (2FLND) and total 2FLND on the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy and complications of patients undergoing esophagectomy. Methods: The clinical data of 268 patients undergoing radical Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy in our hospital from January 2008 to November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. According to different methods of lymph node dissection (LND), the patients were divided into standard 2FLND group (n = 121) and total 2FLND group (n = 147). The LND status, postoperative complications, survival rate and lymph node recurrence of the two groups were analyzed. Results: Lymph node metastasis rate showed no statistically significant difference between the standard 2FLND group and the total 2FLND group (71.1% and 63.3%, respectively, P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was 5.8% (7/121) in the standard 2FLND group, which was lower than that in the total 2FLND group [17.0% (25/147)], with a statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 7.948, P < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the standard 2FLND group and the total 2FLND group was 29.8% and 28.6%, respectively, without statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 0.005, P > 0.05). The lymph node recurrence rate in the standard 2FLND group was 41.3% (50/121), which was higher than 19.0% (28/147) of the total 2FLND group (χ 2 = 15.959, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Compared with standard 2FLND, total 2FLND does not improve the postoperative survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma, and the risk of complications is higher.

Clinical outcomes and safety of osimertinib plus anlotinib for patients with previously treated EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC: A retrospective study.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Although osimertinib achieved convincing efficacy for patients with EGFR T790M-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as second-line treatment in the AURA3 clinical trials, patients developed drug resistance ultimately. Therefore, the present study was to investigate the clinical outcome and safety of osimertinib plus anlotinib for patients with previously treated EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC. METHODS: Designed as a retrospective study, this study consecutively included a total of 33 patients with advanced NSCLC who possessed a EGFR T790M-positive mutation and progressed after the first-line therapy. Eligible patients were treated with osimertinib plus anlotinib. Baseline characteristics of the patients were collected during hospitalization. Efficacy of the combination regimen was assessed with the change of target lesion using imaging evidence according to RECIST 1.1 criteria, and all the patients were followed up regularly. Adverse reactions were collected and documented during the treatment. Univariate analysis according to baseline characteristic subgroups was performed using log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was carried out by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The best overall response of the patients during osimertinib and anlotinib combination indicated that complete response was found in one patient, partial response was observed in 26 patients, stable disease was noted in 5 patients and progressive disease was reported in one patient. Therefore, objective response rate (ORR) of the combination regimen was 81.8% (95%CI: 64.5%-93.0%), and disease control rate (DCR) was 97.0% (95%CI: 84.2%-99.9%). Furthermore, the median progression-free survival (PFS) of the 33 patients with NSCLC was 15.5 months (95%CI: 6.19-24.81). In addition, the median overall survival (OS) of the 33 patients with NSCLC was 23.8 months (95% CI: 17.67-29.93). Safety profile suggested that the most common adverse reactions of the patients with NSCLC who received anlotinib plus osimertinib were hypertension (63.6%), fatigue (57.6%), diarrhoea (48.5%%), dermal toxicity (39.4%) and proteinuria (33.3%). Interestingly, multivariate Cox regression analysis for PFS demonstrated that ECOG performance status was an independent factor to predict the PFS of the combination regimen. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Osimertinib plus anlotinib regimen preliminarily exhibited encouraging clinical outcomes and acceptable safety profile for patients with previously treated EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC numerically. This conclusion should be validated in prospective clinical trials.

MicroRNA-34a in coronary heart disease: Correlation with disease risk, blood lipid, stenosis degree, inflammatory cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) plays an essential role in regulating blood lipid, inflammation, cell adhesion molecules, and atherosclerosis, the latter factors are closely involved in the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the clinical value of miR-34a in CHD patients' management is rarely reported. Hence, this study aimed to assess the correlation of miR-34a with disease risk, blood lipid, coronary artery stenosis, inflammatory cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules of CHD. METHODS: A total of 203 CHD patients and 100 controls were recruited in this study, then their plasma samples were collected to detect the miR-34a by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, serum samples from CHD patients were obtained for inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecule measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: MiR-34a was elevated in CHD patients compared to controls (p < 0.001) and it disclosed a good diagnostic value of CHD (area under curve: 0.899, 95% confidence interval: 0.865-0.934). Besides, miR-34a positively correlated with triglyceride (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.022) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.004), but not with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.110) in CHD patients. Moreover, miR-34a associated with Gensini score in CHD patients (p < 0.001). As to inflammation-related indexes and cell adhesion molecules, MiR-34a expression was positively linked with C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (p = 0.005), interleukin (IL)-1ß (p = 0.020), IL-17A (p < 0.001), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.001), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p = 0.010) in CHD patients, but not with IL-6 (p = 0.118) and IL-10 (p = 0.054). CONCLUSION: MiR-34a might serve as a biomarker in assistance of diagnosis and management of CHD.

Influence of Liquid on the Tooth Surface on the Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study.

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of liquid attached on the tooth surfaces on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of intraoral scanners and the effectiveness of the drying method (using compression air) to exclude the influence of liquid on the scanning results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mandibular jaw model was scanned using an industrial computed tomography scanner to obtain a reference model. A scanning platform was designed to simulate three specific tooth surface states (dry, wet, blow-dry). Two kinds of liquids (ultra-pure water and artificial saliva) were used for the test. Two intraoral scanners (Trios 3 and Primescan) were used to scan the mandibular jaw model 10 times under each condition. All scanning data were processed and analyzed using dedicated software (Geomagic Control 2015). Trueness and precision comparison were conducted within the 12 groups of 3D models divided based on different intraoral scanners and liquids used under each condition. The root mean square (RMS) value was used to indicate the difference between the aligned virtual models. The color maps were used to evaluate and observe the deviation distribution patterns. The 3-way ANOVA (condition, intraoral scanner, liquid) followed by the Tukey test were used to assess precision and trueness. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The mean RMS values obtained from wet condition were significantly higher than those of the dry and blow-dry condition (p < 0.001, F = 64.033 for trueness and F = 54.866 for precision), which indicates less accurate trueness and precision for wet condition. For two different types of liquids, the mean RMS value was not significantly different on trueness and precision. The deviations caused by liquid were positive and mainly distributed in the pits and fissures of the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, the interproximal area of the teeth, and the margin of the abutments. CONCLUSIONS: Liquid on the tooth surface could affect intraoral scanning accuracy. Blow-drying with a three-way syringe can reduce scanning errors.

A Reconstructed Cu2 P2 O7 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products.

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) over Cu-based catalysts shows great potential for converting CO2 into multicarbon (C2+ ) fuels and chemicals. Herein, we introduce an A2 M2 O7 structure into a Cu-based catalyst through a solid-state reaction synthesis method. The Cu2 P2 O7 catalyst is electrochemically reduced to metallic Cu with a significant structure evolution from grain aggregates to highly porous structure under CO2 RR conditions. The reconstructed Cu2 P2 O7 catalyst achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 73.6 % for C2+ products at an applied current density of 350 mA cm-2 , remarkably higher than the CuO counterparts. The reconstructed Cu2 P2 O7 catalyst has a high electrochemically active surface area, abundant defects, and low-coordinated sites. In situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that CO adsorption with bridge and atop configurations is largely improved on Cu with defects and low-coordinated sites, which decreased the energy barrier of the C-C coupling reaction for C2+ products.

Halofuginone Sensitizes Lung Cancer Organoids to Cisplatin via Suppressing PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cisplatin is the major DNA-damaging anticancer drug that cross-links the DNA in cancer cells, but many patients inevitably develop resistance with treatment. Identification of a cisplatin sensitizer might postpone or even reverse the development of cisplatin resistance. Halofuginone (HF), a natural small molecule isolated from Dichroa febrifuga, has been found to play an antitumor role. In this study, we found that HF inhibited the proliferation, induced G0/G1 phase arrest, and promoted apoptosis in lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. To explore the underlying mechanism of this antitumor effect of halofuginone, we performed RNA sequencing to profile transcriptomes of NSCLC cells treated with or without halofuginone. Gene expression profiling and KEGG analysis indicated that PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways were top-ranked pathways affected by halofuginone. Moreover, combination of cisplatin and HF revealed that HF could sensitize the cisplatin-resistant patient-derived lung cancer organoids and lung cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Taken together, this study identified HF as a cisplatin sensitizer and a dual pathway inhibitor, which might provide a new strategy to improve prognosis of patients with cisplatin-resistant lung cancer.

Temperature-Dependent CO2 Electroreduction over Fe-N-C and Ni-N-C Single-Atom Catalysts.

Reaction temperature is an important parameter to tune the selectivity and activity of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) due to different thermodynamics of CO2 RR and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, temperature-dependent CO2 RR over Fe-N-C and Ni-N-C single-atom catalysts are investigated from 303 to 343 K. Increasing the reaction temperature improves and decreases CO Faradaic efficiency over Fe-N-C and Ni-N-C catalysts at high overpotentials, respectively. CO current density over Fe-N-C catalyst increases with temperature, then gets into a plateau at 323 K, finally reaches the maximum value of 185.8 mA cm-2 at 343 K. While CO current density over Ni-N-C catalyst achieves the maximum value of 252.5 mA cm-2 at 323 K, and then drops significantly to 202.9 mA cm-2 at 343 K. Temperature programmed desorption results and density functional theory calculations reveal that the difference of temperature-dependent variation on CO Faradaic efficiency and current density between Fe-N-C and Ni-N-C catalysts results from the varied adsorption strength of key reaction intermediates during CO2 RR.