Targeted serum proteome profiling reveals nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-related biomarkers to discriminate linear IgA bullous disorder from dermatitis herpetiformis.

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) represent the major subtypes of IgA mediated autoimmune bullous disorders. We sought to understand the disease etiology by using serum proteomics. We assessed 92 organ damage biomarkers in LABD, DH, and healthy controls using the Olink high-throughput proteomics. The positive proteomic serum biomarkers were used to correlate with clinical features and HLA type. Targeted proteomic analysis of IgA deposition bullous disorders vs. controls showed elevated biomarkers. Further clustering and enrichment analyses identified distinct clusters between LABD and DH, highlighting the involvement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Comparative analysis revealed biomarkers with distinction between LABD and DH and validated in the skin lesion. Finally, qualitative correlation analysis with DEPs suggested six biomarkers (NBN, NCF2, CAPG, FES, BID, and PXN) have better prognosis in DH patients. These findings provide potential biomarkers to differentiate the disease subtype of IgA deposition bullous disease.

Macrophage-targeting bioactive glass nanoparticles for the treatment of intracellular infection and subcutaneous abscess.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can survive phagocytosis and gain shelter from macrophages in some cases, and the clinical treatment of the intracellular bacterium also encounters the difficulty of traditional antibiotics in entering mammalian cells. In this work, we use mannose-modified bioactive glass nanoparticles decorated with silver nanoparticles (BGNs-Man/Ag) to treat the S. aureus-induced intracellular infection of macrophages. The results showed that BGNs-Man/Ag could target macrophages, elevate the intracellular ROS levels and drive them toward the M1 phenotype, which was crucial to activate the cell autonomous defence in disposing the intracellular infection. Attractively, BGNs-Man/Ag exhibited higher intracellular bacterial killing efficiency than free vancomycin. For the in vivo treatment of subcutaneous abscess, BGNs-Man/Ag significantly increased the population of M1 macrophages at the early stages of the infection site, resulting in enhanced bactericidal activity and improved regeneration of skin tissues. In short, BGNs-Man/Ag can be a promising antibacterial material in treating the S. aureus-induced intracellular infection of macrophages and subcutaneous abscesses.