[The combined application of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid and IgG intrathecal synthesis indicators and biochemical markers in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis].

Objective: To establish and verify a diagnostic model for distinguishing multiple sclerosis (MS) from other neurological diseases with similar symptoms by usingcerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (CSF-OCB)combined with IgG intrathecal synthesis indicators and biochemical markers. Methods: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients admitted to the Neurology Department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2014 to December 2022 were selected as the case group, while patients with similar neurological symptoms were selected as the control group. Using the case-control study design, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the detection of age, gender, oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid, IgG intrathecal synthesis indicators and biochemical indicators for all study subjects. The differential diagnosis model was determined by the multiple logistic regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of the differential diagnosis model for neurological diseases with similar symptoms to MS and other conditions. Results: This study included 167 patients in the case group and 335 patients in the control group, of which 128 patients in the case group and 265 patients in the control group were used to construct the model, and 39 patients in the case group and 70 patients in the control group were used for model validation. The differential diagnostic model constructed by a multivariate logistic regression model was Y=0.871×CSF-OCB-0.051×CSFprotein-0.231×CSFchloride+1.183×gender-0.036×LDH+35.770. The model showed that the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity were respectively 0.916, 87.3% and 87.6%. The Delong test results showed that the diagnostic efficacy of the model was significantly different from OCB, IgG intrathecal synthesis indicators, and OCB combined with IgG intrathecal synthesis indicators (P<0.05). The new model validation showed that the actual diagnostic consistency rate for the MS group was 84.6%, while the actual diagnostic consistency rate for the control group was 90.0%. Conclusion: This study combines OCB, IgG intrathecal synthesis indicators, and biochemical indicators to establish a diagnostic prediction model for neurological diseases with similar clinical symptoms in MS. This model may have good differential diagnostic value and can better assist clinical diagnosis in the early stages of disease progression in MS patients.

Spontaneous bone regeneration in segmental mandibular defects: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation for segmental mandibular defect is vital for mastication function and facial aesthetics. Interestingly spontaneous bone regeneration after segmental mandibulectomy sporadically occurs to avoid further bony rehabilitation. This study aimed to assess the potential of spontaneous bone regeneration in the treatment of mandibular defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Online Library, and Cochrane Library databases to identify eligible studies. Critical appraisal of the included articles was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. RESULTS: A total of 35 studies, including 60 patients, that investigated spontaneous bone regeneration after segmental mandibulectomy were included. Among these patients, 39 (65%) were male and 21 (35%) were female, with a mean age of 20.81 ± 16.38 years. Periosteum was completely and partially preserved during mandibulectomy in 25 and 13 patients, respectively. Continuous bone regeneration between mandibular stumps was observed in 53 (88.3%) patients during follow-up. Although the mandibular stump was not stabilized in 13 (21.67%) patients, continuous bony regeneration still occurred, with a mean recovery period of 30.29 months. This was significantly greater than the overall average recovery time of 19.87 months. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous bone regeneration could occur in segmental mandibular defects, particularly in young patients with intact periosteum and rigid mandibular stump fixation.

[Calenduloside E inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration by down-regulating GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression through the autophagy pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism through which calenduloside E inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and migration. METHODS: HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 treated with calenduloside E were examined for changes in cell viability using CCK-8 assay and expressions of GPX4, SLC7A11, LC3, P62 and phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR using Western blotting. The effects LY294002 and Rapamycin (the inhibitor and activator of autophagy, respectively) on proliferation and migration of calenduloside E-treated HCC cells were evaluated using EdU and Transwell assays. The TCGA database was used to explore the expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in HCC and normal liver tissues and their correlation with the patients'survival outcomes. GPX4 and SLC7A11 expressions were also detected in HCC cells and normal hepatocytes using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Calenduloside E obviously inhibited the viability of HCC cells. GPX4 and SLC7A11 were highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, and their expression levels were negatively correlated with the patients'survival. In HCC cell lines, calenduloside E significantly inhibited the expressions of GPX4 and SLC7A11 proteins, activated the Akt-mTOR pathway, and enhanced the expression of LC3 Ⅱ. The inhibitory effect of calenduloside E on GPX4 and SLC7A11 expressions was significantly enhanced by rapamycin but attenuated by LY294002. Inhibiting the autophagy pathway obviously diminished the inhibitory effect of calenduloside E on proliferation and migration of HCC cells, while activating this pathway produced the opposite effect. CONCLUSION: Calenduside E inhibits the proliferation and migration of HCC cells by down-regulating GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression via the autophagy pathway.

[Analysis of myopia status and related factors among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City in 2022].

Objective: To analyze the current situation of myopia and its related factors among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City in 2022, and provide a basis for the risk assessment of myopia among primary school students. Method: In June 2022, a cluster sampling method was used to include 376 third-grade students from a primary school in a certain district of Beijing. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information about students, including eye usage habits, reading and writing postures, and parents' myopia conditions. The examination of students' distant visual acuity and refractive status was performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of myopia occurrence. Results: The age of 376 primary school students was (8.87±0.417) years old, with 48.40% (182) being male. A total of 196 myopia cases were identified, with a myopia rate of 52.13%. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that students who sometimes read while lying down (OR=2.003, 95%CI: 1.128-3.555), often read while lying down (OR=18.853, 95%CI: 4.512-78.778), had outdoor activity time less than 120 minutes per day (OR=4.937, 95%CI: 2.4464-9.892), were engaged in indoor break activities (OR=4.995, 95%CI: 2.773-8.996), performed eye exercises less than once per day (OR=8.710, 95%CI: 4.464-16.995), had a reading distance from the book less than 30 cm (OR=5.098, 95%CI: 2.410-10.787), occasionally maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk (OR=1.918, 95%CI: 1.086-3.385), and had high school desks and tables (OR=5.325, 95%CI: 1.465-19.359) could have a higher risk of myopia occurrence, compared with those who never read while lying down, had outdoor activity time more than 120 minutes per day, maintained outdoor break activities, performed eye exercises more than once per day, had a reading distance from the book more than 30 cm, always maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk, and had short school desks and tables. Conclusion: The incidence rate of myopia among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City. in 2022 is relatively high. The occurrence of myopia is related to insufficient outdoor activity time and poor eye usage habits.

[Related factors of acute symptomatic seizures and epilepsy in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease].

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) and epilepsy in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Methods: A ambispective cohort study was used including 74 children with MOGAD who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to June 2023 and were followed up. Demographic information, clinical information, treatment status, ASS and epilepsy status were collected. The clinical phenotypes were classified. According to the presence or absence of ASS in the course of disease, the children and the course of disease were divided into groups with and without ASS. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the correlation between symptoms and auxiliary examination characteristics and the occurrence of ASS in the two groups of children. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The onset age of the 74 children with MOGAD was 6.58 (3.80, 9.67) years, including 38 females (51.4%) and 36 males (48.6%). The duration of the final follow-up was 2.67 (1.10, 4.12) years, with a total of 239 times acute clinical episodes. ASS occurred in 39.2% (29/74) children during the course of disease and in 29.3% (70/239) of attacks. The common phenotypes were ADEM (67 times (28.0%)), optic neuritis (37 times (15.4%)) and cerebral cortical encephalitis (31 times (13.0%)) in 239 times acute clinical episodes. The incidence of ASS in ADEM and cerebral cortical encephalitis phenotype was 28.4%(19/67) and 100.0% (31/31), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that cortical involvement on magnetic resonance imaging during clinical attacks was an independent risk factor for ASS (ß=-1.49, OR=0.23) after excluding attacks involving only optic nerve or spinal cord (49 episodes). During the follow-up, 5 children (6.8%) had epilepsy, and all children with epilepsy had multiple clinical attacks of MOGAD and previous ASS. Conclusions: Cortical involvement on magnetic resonance imaging during clinical episodes is an independent risk factor for ASS in children with MOGAD. All MOGAD children with epilepsy had ASS and multiple MOGAD clinical episodes in the past.

[Dyspnea with multiple bilateral lung opacities on CT scan].

A 58-year-old man was admitted with a typical presentation of acute left heart failure. However, the patient showed a partial response to the anti-heart failure therapy. Following admission, a continuous fever was monitored, and a CT scan revealed that multiple opacities on bilateral lungs had progressed. Bronchoscopy was performed, and Coxiella burnetii was detected by Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), and transbronchial lung biopsy showed organizing pneumonia. Considering that the patient had a history of rabbit breeding and delivery, with some newborn rabbits dying before he became ill, organizing pneumonia secondary to Q fever pneumonia was diagnosed. Anti-Q fever treatment was initiated and the patient's temperature returned to normal. Glucocorticoid was administered after adequate treatment for Q fever. The patient's symptom of dyspnea relieved soon and opacities on CT scan were absorbed remarkably. The final diagnosis was organizing pneumonia secondary to Q fever pneumonia accompanied with left heart failure.

Spiritual needs and influencing factors among people with stroke in China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the primary causes of disability in China and around the world, having an impact on the health and well-being of stroke patients. The importance of spiritual needs for stroke patients has always been a controversial topic internationally, partly because related research was mostly qualitative and may not directly reflect the degree of spiritual needs. In addition, most studies focus on the same cultural background, there is a lack of research that delves into the nuances of Chinese culture and background. The goal of this study is to evaluate the level of spiritual needs and influencing factors in Chinese stroke patients and to explore the mediating role and pathways of these variables on spiritual needs. METHODS: From August 2022 to January 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 422 stroke patients in the affiliated hospitals of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine in Changsha Province by cluster sampling. We measured the patient's spiritual needs, quality of life, anxiety and depression levels, and family support using the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SPNQ), the MOS36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Family Support Self Rating Scale (PSS-Fa). We used the General Information Questionnaire to gain insight into the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients. Nonparametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the independent relationship between spiritual needs and quality of life, anxiety, depression, and family support. The mediation model in AMOS 24.0 software was used to analyze the mediating role among the five variables. RESULTS: The score of spiritual needs of people with stroke included in this study was 37 points [IQR 33 to 40)]. The influencing factors of spiritual needs included primary economic sources for disease-related expenditures (p = 0.044), number of stroke occurrences (p = 0.001), duration of illness (p = 0.023), activities of daily living (p = 0.006), depression scores(p = 0.034), and family support scores(p = 0.008). Anxiety (ß = 0.347, p = 0.004), depression (ß = 0.368, p = 0.005), and family support (ß = 0.167, p = 0.023) had directly or indirectly affected the spiritual needs of people with stroke. Quality of life (ß=-0.202, p = 0.017) had a direct effect on spiritual needs. CONCLUSIONS: The spiritual needs of people with stroke were at an intermediate level. Our findings highlight that the SPNQ score is associated with anxiety, depression, quality of life, and family support. Therefore, nurses should identify the spiritual needs of patients and provide them with effective and comprehensive spiritual care by reducing negative emotions and enhancing social support, promoting the development and progress of spiritual care in China. This study offers a theoretical basis for the spiritual care of clinical people with stroke and constructing a stroke spiritual care model.

[Call for attention to the prevention of perinatal death attributed to birth defect].

Birth defect and perinatal death are major public issues threatening the health of women and children in China. However, perinatal death attributed to birth defects has not yet received sufficient attention. To minimize the occurrence of perinatal death caused by birth defects, this review article deeply analyzed the current status of epidemiology, clinical, and basic research on perinatal death attributed to birth defects both domestically and internationally, and proposed to encourage the conduct of national research on perinatal causes. We should also pay attention to the application of the perinatal cause of death classification system, and focus on accurate diagnosis and the three-level prevention and control of perinatal death attributed to birth defect.

Water uptake patterns and rooting depths of Tamarix ramosissima in the coppice dunes of the Gurbantünggüt Desert, China: a stable isotope analysis.

Tamarix ramosissima has an important role in stabilizing sand dunes in desert ecosystems. Understanding the water use strategies of T. ramosissima is essential to understand its adaptations on coppice dunes. We utilized the stable isotopes δ2H and δ18O in soil water, groundwater, and xylem water to identify monthly differences in water sources. Additionally. we explored rooting depth using 2H2O as an artificial tracer. In May, T. ramosissima derived 75% of its water from shallow and middle soil layers. In July, it absorbed 90% water from middle and deep soil layers. In August and September, it acquired approximately 80% of its water from deep soil layers. The labelling using 2H as an artificial tracer indicated that the root system of T. ramosissima could reach depths >500 cm in the coppice dunes. 2H absorption was observed at depths of 100, 200, 300 and 400 cm. Soil water is the dominant water source for T. ramosissima in the coppice dunes because groundwater is at depths >30 m. The flexible water-use strategies of T. ramosissima enable it to effectively utilize different available water sources to adapt to the arid environment. These findings improve our understanding of water uptake patterns and drought adaptation strategies of T. ramosissima in the coppice dunes of desert ecosystems.

Retraction Note: Regulation of miRNAs on c-met protein expression in ovarian cancer and its implication.

The article "Regulation of miRNAs on c-met protein expression in ovarian cancer and its implication", by H. Liu, S.-R. Li, Q. Si, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21 (15): 3353-3359-PMID: 28829508 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief. Following some concerns raised on PubPeer regarding a possible manipulation in Figure 5 (link: https://pubpeer.com/publications/7B6E6E6679990661654EBCAF472921), the Editor in Chief has started an investigation to assess the validity of the results as well as possible figure manipulation. The authors were informed about the journal's investigation but remained unresponsive and have not provided the manuscript's raw data. The journal's investigation revealed a figure overlap between panels pcDNA3.1-EGFP and pcDNA3.1-EGFP-204-up in Figure 5. Consequently, the Editor in Chief mistrusts the results presented and has decided to retract the article. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/13200.

[Early experience with mechanical hemodynamic support for catheter ablation of malignant ventricular tachycardia].

Objective: To explore the role of mechanical hemodynamic support (MHS) in mapping and catheter ablation of patients with hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT), report single-center experience in a cohort of consecutive patients receiving VT ablation during MHS therapy, and provide evidence-based medical evidence for clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients with hemodynamically unstable VT who underwent catheter ablation with MHS at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University between August 2021 and December 2023 were included. Patients were divided into rescue group and preventive group according to the purpose of treatment. Their demographic data, periprocedural details, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 15 patients with hemodynamically unstable VT were included (8 patients in the rescue group and 7 patients in the preventive group). The acute procedure was successful in all patients. One patient in the rescue group had surgical left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, remaining 14 patients received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for circulation support. ECMO decannulation was performed in 12 patients due to clinical and hemodynamic stability, of which 6 patients were decannulation immediately after surgery and the remaining patients were decannulation at 2.0 (2.5) d after surgery. Two patients in the rescue group died during the index admission due to refractory heart failure and cerebral hemorrhage. During a median follow-up of 30 d (1 d to 12 months), one patient with LVAD had one episode of ventricular fibrillation at 6 months after discharge, and no further episodes of ventricular fibrillation and/or VT occurred after treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. No malignant ventricular arrhythmia occurred in the remaining 12 patients who were followed up. Conclusions: MHS contributes to the successful completion of mapping and catheter ablation in patients with hemodynamically unstable VT, providing desirable hemodynamic status for emergency and elective conditions.

[Analysis of the epidemiological traits of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao between 1961 and 2020].

Objective: To study the prevalence of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao from 1961 to 2020 and offer a foundation for developing occupational pneumoconiosis prevention and control methods. Methods: In December 2020, the data of occupational pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed by medical institutions with occupational disease diagnosis qualifications in Qinhuangdao City from 1961 to 2020 were collected Anova or kruskal-Walls tests and chi-square tests were used for inter-group comparisons of continuous and categorical variables, and LSD tests or Tamhane T2 tests were used for multiple comparisons. Results: Between 1961 and 2020, 384 cases of pneumoconiosis were documented in Qinhuangdao, of which 382 (99.5%) patients were men and 2 (0.5%) were women. The average dust service duration is 15 (9, 25) years, with a minimum duration of 0.5 years and a maximum duration of 49 years; Cases were primarily distributed in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County (187 cases, 48.7%) and the Haigang district (160 cases, 41.7%) ; Type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis (340 cases, 88.5%), mainly 273 cases (71.1%) of stage I, 88 cases (22.9%) of stage II, and 23 cases (6.0% of stage III) ; Cases of Phase II and III and with short lengths of service are mainly concentrated in medium-sized, small, private limited liability companies and collective enterprises. Rrock work (166 cases, 43.2%), and loading kiln workers (42 cases, 10.9%) were the main types. Conclusion: Because the distribution of pneumoconiosis cases in Qinhuangdao city is concentrated and the length of service is decreasing, it is important to enhance the oversight of important area, businesses, industries, and job categories in line with the growth of the region's mineral resources.

[The prognostic value of colonoscopy grading for acute graft-versus-host disease in patients with malignant hematological disorders after unrelated cord blood transplantation].

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of enteroscopic grading for the prognostic assessment of patients with malignant hematological diseases who developed intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (IT-aGVHD) after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) . Methods: Fifty patients with IT-aGVHD who developed hormone resistance after UCBT from June 2016 to June 2023 at Anhui Provincial Hospital were collected to compare the effective and survival rates of IT-aGVHD treatment in the group with milder enteroscopic mucosal injury (27 cases, enteroscopic grading of Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and the group with more severe injury (23 cases, enteroscopic grading of Ⅲ and Ⅳ) and to retrospectively analyze the factors affecting patients' prognosis. Results: Patients in the mild and severe groups had an effective rate of 92.6% and 47.8% at 28 days after colonoscopy (P<0.001), 81.5% and 39.1% at 56 days after colonoscopy (P=0.002), with optimal effective rate of 92.6% and 65.2% (P=0.040), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. The multifactorial analysis found that enteroscopic grading was an independent risk factor affecting the effective rate of IT-aGVHD treatment. The overall survival rate at 2 years after colonoscopy was 70.4% (95% CI 52.0% -88.8% ) and 34.8% (95% CI 14.8% -54.8% ) for patients in the mild and severe groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). Multifactorial analysis revealed that enteroscopic grading, cytomegalovirus infection status, second-line treatment regimen, and patients' age were independent risk factors for survival. Conclusion: The treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients in the group with less severe enteroscopic injury (grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ) were better than those in the group with more severe injury (grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ) .

[Association between diabetes prevalence and mortality risk in the elderly aged 60 years and above in Liaoning Province, 2017-2019].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning Province from 2017 to 2019 and analyze the impact of blood glucose control on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: A survey was conducted in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019 to collect the information about the prevalence of diabetes and other chronic diseases in the diabetes patients. The mortality of the enrolled subjects was investigated in September 2023. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between blood glucose control in the elderly with diabetes and the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Results: The crude prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years was 20.2% (2 014/9 958) in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019, and the standardized prevalence rate was 19.9%. The prevalence rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity in the diabetes patients were 77.0%, 51.7%, and 67.5% respectively. The median follow-up time was 5.5 years, and the all-cause mortality and CVD mortality rates in the diabetes patients were 244.3/10 000 person-years and 142.9/10 000 person-years, respectively. The results of the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that compared with non-diabetic individuals, diabetes patients had an increased risk of all-cause mortality by 1.68 times [hazard ratio (HR)=1.68, 95%CI: 1.44-1.94] and an increased risk of CVD mortality by 1.56 times (HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.29-1.89). The differences in risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality between the diabetes patients with normal fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and people without diabetes were not significant (all P>0.05). The failure to meet either the FPG or HbA1c target increased the risk of all-cause mortality (all P<0.05). For individuals who failed to meet the HbA1c target, there was an increased risk of CVD mortality (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The comorbidity rate of chronic diseases was higher in the elderly with diabetes than in the elderly without diabetes in Liaoning. Elderly diabetes patients can benefit from good blood glucose control.

[Soy isoflavones alleviates calcium overload in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism by which soybean isoflavone (SI) reduces calcium overload induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into 4 groups to receive sham operation, cerebral middle artery occlusion for 2 h followed by 24 h of reperfusion (I/R model group), or injection of adeno-associated virus carrying Frizzled-2 siRNA or empty viral vector into the lateral cerebral ventricle after modeling.Western blotting was used to examine Frizzled-2 knockdown efficiency and changes in protein expressions in the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway.Calcium levels and pathological changes in the ischemic penumbra (IP) were measured using calcium chromogenic assay and HE staining, respectively.Another 72 SD randomly allocated for sham operation, I/R modeling, or soy isoflavones pretreatment before modeling were examined for regional cerebral blood flow using a Doppler flowmeter, and the cerebral infarct volume was assessed using TTC staining.Pathologies in the IP area were evaluated using HE and Nissl staining, and ROS level, Ca2+ level, cell apoptosis, and intracellular calcium concentration were analyzed using immunofluorescence assay or flow cytometry; the protein expressions of Wnt5a, Frizzled-2, and P-CaMK Ⅱ in the IP were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In rats with cerebral I/R, Frizzled-2 knockdown significantly lowered calcium concentration (P < 0.001) and the expression levels of Wnt5a, Frizzled-2, and P-CaMK Ⅱ in the IP area.In soy isoflavones-pretreated rats, calcium concentration, ROS and MDA levels, cell apoptosis rate, cerebral infarct volume, and expression levels of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway-related proteins were all significantly lower while SOD level was higher than those in rats in I/R model group. CONCLUSION: Soy isoflavones can mitigate calcium overload in rats with cerebral I/R by inhibiting the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway.

[Carrier screening for 223 monogenic diseases in Chinese population: a multi-center study in 33 104 individuals].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and mutation spectrum of monogenic diseases in Chinese population through a large-scale, multicenter carrier screening. METHODS: This study was conducted among a total of 33 104 participants (16 610 females) from 12 clinical centers across China.Carrier status for 223 genes was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and different PCR methods. RESULTS: The overall combined carrier frequency was 55.58% for 197 autosomal genes and 1.84% for 26 X-linked genes in these participants.Among the 16 669 families, 874 at-risk couples (5.24%) were identified.Specifically, 584 couples (3.50%) were at risk for autosomal genes, 306(1.84%) for X-linked genes, and 16 for both autosomal and X-linked genes.The most frequently detected autosomal at-risk genes included GJB2(autosomal recessive deafness type 1A, 393 couples), HBA1/HBA2(α-thalassemia, 36 couples), PAH (phenylketonuria, 14 couples), and SMN1(spinal muscular atrophy, 14 couples).The most frequently detected X-linked at-risk genes were G6PD (G6PD deficiency, 236 couples), DMD (Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 23 couples), and FMR1(fragile X syndrome, 17 couples).After excluding GJB2 c.109G>A, the detection rate of at-risk couples was 3.91%(651/16 669), which was lowered to 1.72%(287/16 669) after further excluding G6PD.The theoretical incidence rate of severe monogenic birth defects was approximately 4.35‰(72.5/16 669).Screening for a battery of the top 22 most frequent genes in the at-risk couples could detect over 95% of at-risk couples, while screening for the top 54 genes further increased the detection rate to over 99%. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the carrier frequencies of 223 monogenic genetic disorders in the Chinese population and provides evidence for carrier screening strategy development and panel design tailored to the Chinese population.In carrier testing, genetic counseling for specific genes or gene variants can be challenging, and the couples need to be informed of these difficulties before testing and provided with options for not screening these genes or gene variants.

[Aqueous extract of Chuan Xiong Rhizoma enhances inhibitory effect of temozolomide against brain metastasis of melanoma in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Chuan Xiong Rhizoma (CR) on brain metastasis of melanoma B16F10 cells in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6J mouse models of brain metastasis of melanoma were established by ultrasound-guided intraventricular injection of Luc-labeled B16F10 cells, and brain tumor growth was monitored by in vivo imaging. The mouse models were then randomized for daily gavage of saline or aqueous extract of CR (equivalent crude drug concentration of 1 mg/g). Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of CR in the tumor-bearing mice, and the changes in proteins associated with blood-brain barrier integrity, neuronal cell proliferation and apoptosis, and microglial cell apoptosis and activation were observed using immunofluorescence assay. The efficacy of CR combined with temozolomide (25 mg/kg) against brain metastases of B16F10 cells was observed by in vivo imaging. RESULTS: CR-treated mouse models did not show obvious progression of brain metastases and had a reduced rate of body weight loss and lowered protein expressions of ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin, P-gp, TNF-α, AQP4 and PDGFRß. In the behavioral tests, the CR-treated mice showed prolonged stay on the wooden stick with a shortened time of sticky stick removal. Immunofluorescence assay showed increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of neuronal cells and microglia in CR-treated mice. CR treatment significantly increased the levels of CD86, CD206, IL-4 and IL-10 and decreased the levels of CD163 and IL-1ß in the microenvironment of brain metastases. The mice receiving combined treatments with CR and temozolomide showed significantly lower intensity of fluorescent signals in the brain than those treated with temozolomide alone. CONCLUSION: CR does not promote brain metastasis of melanoma while inducing opening of the blood-brain barrier, and its combined use with TMZ results in enhanced inhibition against brain metastasis of melanoma B16F10 cells in mice.

[Effect of zirconia personalized gingival penetration on peri-implant soft and hard tissue of thin gingival biotypes in the anterior region: a retrospective study].

Objective: To investigate the effect of zirconia personalized gingival structure on peri-implant soft and hard tissue stability after single-tooth implant restorations in patients with thin gingival biotypes in the anterior region, with a view to provide a clinical guideline. Methods: This retrospective study included 20 patients with thin gingival biotype and implant restorations in the anterior region. These patients included 9 males and 11 females, and the age was (35.2± 10.3) years. The patients were from the Department of Periodontal Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques were used to fabricate a titanium base zirconia personalized gingival structure to maintain the soft-tissue perforated gingival contour of the anterior esthetic zone. This structure consists of two modalities: titanium base + zirconia outer crown or titanium base personalized zirconia abutment + zirconia outer crown. Clinical outcomes were recorded immediately and after delivery of the final restorations. Implant retention was recorded, esthetic scoring was performed using the pink esthetic index, the amount of bone resorption at the implant margins was measured based on digitized apical radiographs, and periodontal health was evaluated using the modified plaque index and the modified bleeding index. Results: The survival rate of the 20 implants was 100% after 3 years of wearing the final restorations, with a pink aesthetic score of 9.3±0.9. Bone resorption at the proximal and distal mesial margins of the implants was 0.09 (-0.21, 0.20) mm, 0.17 (-0.12, 0.27) mm after 3 years, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant when compared to bone resorption immediately after placement of the final restoration [0(0, 0) mm] (Z=-1.03, P=0.394; Z=-2.05, P=0.065). Conclusions: Zirconia personalized gingival structure maintains the stability of peri-implant hard and soft tissues of thin gingival biotypes in the anterior region.

[Preparation and biological characteristics of extracellular matrix vesicle mimetics].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of extracellular matrix vesicle mimetics prepared by mechanical extrusion and their effects on the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC). Methods: PDLSC derived extracellular matrix vesicles were prepared by collagenase digestion, while the cell derived vesicle mimetics were simulated by mechanical extrusion. The obtained extracellular matrix vesicles and parental cell derived vesicle mimetics were divided into 4 groups: matrix vesicles derived from PDLSC cultured in basic medium for 7 days (PDLSC matrix vesicles, MVs), vesicle mimetics derived from PDLSC cultured in basic medium for 7 days (PDLSC vesicle mimetics, CVMs), matrix vesicles derived from PDLSC cultured in osteogenic inducing medium for 7 days (osteogenic-induced PDLSC matrix vesicles, O-MVs) and vesicle mimetics derived from PDLSC cultured in osteogenic inducing medium for 7 days (osteogenic-induced PDLSC vesicle mimetics, O-CVMs). Vesicles morphologies and sizes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Vesicles uptake was detected by immunofluorescence. With PDLSC as the control group, the effects of vesicles on the viability of PDLSC were detected by cell activity assay (cell counting kit-8), and the effects of vesicles on the osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLSC were detected by alizarin red staining and Western blotting. Results: Vesicles in MVs, O-MVs, CVMs and O-CVMs were all observed with a round structure (size 50-250 nm), and could be taken up by PDLSC without affecting the cell viability. Under osteogenic inducing conditions, PDLSC incubated with O-MVs or O-CVMs could produce more mineralized nodules than those in the control group (PDLSC). MVs, O-MVs, CVMs and O-CVMs could promote the expression of osteogenic-related proteins in PDLSC. PDLSC in group O-CVMs showed significant higher expressions of osteogenic-related proteins, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (1.571±0.348), osteopontin (OPN) (1.827±0.627) and osteocalcin (OCN) (1.798±0.537) compared to MVs (ALP: 1.156±0.170, OPN: 1.260±0.293, OCN: 1.286±0.302) (P<0.05). Compared to CMVs-incubated PDLSC, O-CVMs-incubated PDLSC expressed more Runt-related transcription factor 2 (1.632±0.455 vs 1.176±0.128) and OPN (1.827±0.627 vs 1.428±0.427) (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the expression levels of osteoblast-related proteins in PDLSC cultured with MVs, O-MVs and CVMs (P>0.05). Conclusions: The vesicle mimetics prepared by mechanical extrusion method are similar in shape and size to the extracellular matrix vesicles. MVs, O-MVs, CVMs and O-CVMs do not affect the cell viability of PDLSC, and can promote the osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLSC to a certain extent.