Modified botulinum toxin type A injections improve symptoms associated with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in women: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of modified botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections (with additional periurethral injection [PUI] of BoNT-A) for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). METHODS: This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 52 adult female patients with IC/BPS, with 24 patients receiving conventional BoNT-A injections and 28 receiving modified BoNT-A injections. The primary outcome measure was patient-reported global response assessment (GRA). Secondary outcomes included daytime frequency, nocturia, number of urinary urgency episodes in the voiding diary, pain visual analog score, O'Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index, pelvic pain and urgency/frequency scores, risk factors for recurrence, and postoperative recurrence-free time. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 16.0 months (interquartile range 11.75-21 months). Patients who underwent modified BoNT-A injections showed significant improvement in postoperative GRA, symptom questionnaires, and pain assessment compared with those who underwent conventional surgery. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of recurrence-free time (12.5 vs. 18.0 months, P=0.02). Subgroup analysis suggested that additional PUI of BoNT-A was more effective in patients with combined severe periurethral pain. No serious complications occurred in both groups, and all minor postoperative complications were temporary. CONCLUSIONS: Modified BoNT-A injection is an effective treatment for IC/BPS that significantly reduces pain and improves voiding symptoms. It is particularly effective in patients with combined periurethral pain. In such patients, PUI of BoNT-A should be added to the routine intravesical injection of BoNT-A.

A novel fluorescence platform for specific detection of tetracycline antibiotics based on [MQDA-Eu3+] system.

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are extensively used in clinical medicine, animal husbandry, and aquaculture because of their cost-effectiveness and high antibacterial efficacy. However, the presence of TCs residues in the environment poses risks to humans. In this study, an inner filter effect (IFE) fluorescent probe, 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis((2-((2-methylquinolin-8-yl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)azanediyl))diacetic acid (MQDA), was developed for the rapid detection of Eu3+ within 30 s. And its complex [MQDA-Eu3+] was successfully used for the detection of TCs. Upon coordination of a carboxyl of MQDA with Eu3+ to form a [MQDA-Eu3+] complex, the carboxyl served as an antenna ligand for the effective detection of Eu3+ to intensify the emission intensity of MQDA via "antenna effect", the process was the energy absorbed by TCs via UV excitation was effectively transferred to Eu3+. Fluorescence quenching of the [MQDA-Eu3+] complex was caused by the IFE in multicolor fluorescence systems. The limits of detection of [MQDA-Eu3+] for oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline hydrochloride, and tetracycline were 0.80, 0.93, and 1.7 µM in DMSO/HEPES (7:3, v/v, pH = 7.0), respectively. [MQDA-Eu3+] demonstrated sensitive detection of TCs in environmental and food samples with satisfactory recoveries and exhibited excellent imaging capabilities for TCs in living cells and zebrafish with low cytotoxicity. The proposed approach demonstrated considerable potential for the quantitative detection of TCs.

Efficacy and safety of flumatinib in the treatment of newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase: A real-world single-center retrospective study, with a focus on premature drug discontinuation.

PURPOSE: To assess the real-world efficacy and safety of flumatinib as first-line and post-line treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase (CML-CP). RESULTS: Among 141 patients receiving flumatinib as first-line and post-line treatment, the 12-month major molecular response (MMR) rates were 69.4% and 67.6%, respectively. The median time to response was 6 and 10.5 months, respectively. In post-line treatment, the early molecular response (EMR) of flumatinib as second-line is significantly superior to that of third-line treatment (3-month EMR rate: 79.2% vs. 39.3%, P<0.001; 3-month MMR rate: 45.8% vs. 21.4%, P=0.033). Contrastively, patients who switched to flumatinib due to intolerance had significantly higher MMR rates at 3, 6, and 12 months compared to patients who switched due to inadequate response (60.6% vs. 24.2%, P=0.003; 66.7% vs. 36.0%, P=0.027; 84.2% vs. 50.0%, P=0.038). Premature drug discontinuation was observed in 28.4% of the patients. Grades 3-4 hematologic adverse events (AEs) were identified as independent risk factors for premature drug discontinuation. Patients who discontinued treatment and those who previously received only imatinib therapy had a poorer molecular response and failure-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Flumatinib demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety. Treatment discontinuation can result in a poorer molecular response and long-term prognosis.

Lipid metabolism in tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells: perspective to precision immunotherapy.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to the negative regulation of the immune system, as they avoid excessive inflammation and mediate tumor development. The abundance of Tregs in tumor tissues suggests that Tregs may be eliminated or functionally inhibited to stimulate antitumor immunity. However, immunotherapy targeting Tregs has been severely hampered by autoimmune diseases due to the systemic elimination of Tregs. Recently, emerging studies have shown that metabolic regulation can specifically target tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and lipid accumulation in TME is associated with immunosuppression. Nevertheless, how Tregs actively regulate metabolic reprogramming to outcompete effector T cells (Teffs), and how lipid metabolic reprogramming contributes to the immunomodulatory capacity of Tregs have not been fully discussed. This review will discuss the physiological processes by which lipid accumulation confers a metabolic advantage to tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) and amplifies their immunosuppressive functions. Furthermore, we will provide a summary of the driving effects of various metabolic regulators on the metabolic reprogramming of Tregs. Finally, we propose that targeting the lipid metabolism of TI-Tregs could be efficacious either alone or in conjunction with immune checkpoint therapy.

Clinical phenotype and genetic function analysis of a family with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-7 caused by POLR3A mutation.

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) is a rare genetic heterogeneous disease that can affect myelin development in the central nervous system. This study aims to analyze the clinical phenotype and genetic function of a family with HLD-7 caused by POLR3A mutation. The proband (IV6) in this family mainly showed progressive cognitive decline, dentin dysplasia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Her three old brothers (IV1, IV2, and IV4) also had different degrees of ataxia, dystonia, or dysarthria besides the aforementioned manifestations. Their brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral periventricular white matter atrophy, brain atrophy, and corpus callosum atrophy and thinning. The proband and her two living brothers (IV2 and IV4) were detected to carry a homozygous mutation of the POLR3A (NM_007055.4) gene c. 2300G > T (p.Cys767Phe), and her consanguineous married parents (III1 and III2) were p.Cys767Phe heterozygous carriers. In the constructed POLR3A wild-type and p.Cys767Phe mutant cells, it was seen that overexpression of wild-type POLR3A protein significantly enhanced Pol III transcription of 5S rRNA and tRNA Leu-CAA. However, although the mutant POLR3A protein overexpression was increased compared to the wild-type protein overexpression, it did not show the expected further enhancement of Pol III function. On the contrary, Pol III transcription function was frustrated (POLR3A, BC200, and tRNA Leu-CAA expression decreased), and MBP and 18S rRNA expressions were decreased. This study indicates that the POLR3A p.Cys767Phe variant caused increased expression of mutated POLR3A protein and abnormal expression of Pol III transcripts, and the mutant POLR3A protein function was abnormal.

HBV PreC interacts with SUV39H1 to induce viral replication by blocking the proteasomal degradation of viral polymerase.

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is known to coincide with significant increases in serum and intrahepatic HBV DNA levels. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that PreC (HBeAg precursor) genetic ablation leads to reduced viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PreC impedes the proteasomal degradation of HBV polymerase, promoting viral replication. We discovered that PreC interacts with SUV39H1, a histone methyltransferase, resulting in a reduction in the expression of Cdt2, an adaptor protein of CRL4 E3 ligase targeting HBV polymerase. SUV39H1 induces H3K9 trimethylation of the Cdt2 promoter in a PreC-induced manner. CRISPR-mediated knockout of endogenous SUV39H1 or pharmaceutical inhibition of SUV39H1 decreases HBV loads in the mouse liver. Additionally, genetic depletion of Cdt2 in the mouse liver abrogates PreC-related HBV replication. Interestingly, a negative correlation of intrahepatic Cdt2 with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA load was observed in CHB patient samples. Our study thus sheds light on the mechanistic role of PreC in inducing HBV replication and identifies potential therapeutic targets for HBV treatment.

The landscape of allelic expression and DNA methylation at the bovine SGCE/PEG10 locus.

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic regulation in mammals in which a small subset of genes is monoallelically expressed dependent on their parental origin. A large imprinted domain, SGCE/PEG10 locus, is located on human chromosome 7q21s and mouse proximal chromosome 6. However, genomic imprinting of bovine SGCE/PEG10 cluster has not been systematically studied. In this study, we investigated allele expression of 14 genes of the SGCE/PEG10 locus in bovine somatic tissues and term placenta using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based sequencing method. In addition to SGCE and PEG10, two conserved paternally expressed genes in human and mice, five other genes (TFPI2, GNG11, ASB4, PON1, and PON3) were paternally expressed. Three genes, BET1, COL1A2, and CASD1, exhibited tissue-specific monoallelic expression. CALCR showed monoallelic expression in tissues but biallelic expression in the placenta. Three genes, GNGT1, PPP1R9A, and PON2, showed biallelic expression in cattle. Five differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found to be associated with the allelic expression of TFPI2, COL1A2, SGCE/PEG10, PON3, and ASB4 genes, respectively. The SGCE/PEG10 DMR is a maternally hypermethylated germline DMR, but TFPI2, COL1A2, PON3, and ASB4 DMRs are secondary DMRs. In summary, we identified five novel bovine imprinted genes (GNG11, BET1, COL1A2, CASD1, and PON1) and four secondary DMRs at the SGCE/PEG10 locus.

Implementation of antibody-drug conjugates in HER2-positive solid cancers: Recent advances and future directions.

In recent decades, there has been a surge in the approval of monoclonal antibodies for treating a wide range of hematological and solid malignancies. These antibodies exhibit exceptional precision in targeting the surface antigens of tumors, heralding a groundbreaking approach to cancer therapy. Nevertheless, monoclonal antibodies alone do not show sufficient lethality against cancerous cells compared to chemotherapy. Consequently, a new class of anti-tumor medications, known as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has been developed to bridge the divide between monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic drugs, enhancing their therapeutic potential. ADCs are chemically synthesized by binding tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic payloads through linkers that are susceptible to cleavage by intracellular proteases. They combined the accurate targeting of monoclonal antibodies with the potent efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs while circumventing systemic toxicity and boasting superior lethality over standalone targeted drugs. The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, which encompasses HER1 (also known as EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4, plays a key role in regulating cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration. HER2 overexpression in various tumors is one of the most frequently targeted antigens for ADC therapy in HER2-positive cancers. HER2-directed ADCs have emerged as highly promising treatment modalities for patients with HER2-positive cancers. This review focuses on three approved anti-HER2 ADCs (T-DM1, DS-8201a, and RC48) and reviews ongoing clinical trials and failed trials based on anti-HER2 ADCs. Finally, we address the notable challenges linked to ADC development and underscore potential future avenues for tackling these hurdles.

Emerging Roles of UDP-GalNAc Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in Cardiovascular Disease.

UDP-GalNAc polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts) catalyze mucin-type O-glycosylation by transferring α-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to Ser or Thr residues of target proteins. This post-translational modification is common in eukaryotes, yet its biological functions remain unclear. Recent studies have identified specific receptors in the heart and vascular wall cells that can be mucin-type O-glycosylated, and there is now substantial evidence confirming that patients with various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, myocardial hypertrophy, and vascular calcification, exhibit abnormal changes in GalNAc-Ts. This review aims to highlight recent advances in GalNAc-Ts and their roles in the cardiovascular system, intending to provide evidence for clinical treatment and prevention of CVDs.

Host specific Eimeria genus diagnosis and qPCR development in Ovis aries and Capra hircus.

The objective of the present study was to develop a real-time PCR (qPCR) technique for the diagnosis of Eimeria spp. in Ovis aries and Capra hircus. The qPCR technique was developed using SYBR Green, resulting in a PCR with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.

A novel imprinted locus on bovine chromosome 18 homologous with human chromosome 16q24.1.

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic regulation mechanism in mammals resulting in the parentally dependent monoallelic expression of genes. Imprinting disorders in humans are associated with several congenital syndromes and cancers and remain the focus of many medical studies. Cattle is a better model organism for investigating human embryo development than mice. Imprinted genes usually cluster on chromosomes and are regulated by different methylation regions (DMRs) located in imprinting control regions that control gene expression in cis. There is an imprinted locus on human chromosome 16q24.1 associated with congenital lethal developmental lung disease in newborns. However, genomic imprinting on bovine chromosome 18, which is homologous with human chromosome 16 has not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the allelic expressions of eight genes (CDH13, ATP2C2, TLDC1, COTL1, CRISPLD2, ZDHHC7, KIAA0513, and GSE1) on bovine chromosome 18 and to search the DMRs associated gene allelic expression. Three transcript variants of the ZDHHC7 gene (X1, X2, and X5) showed maternal imprinting in bovine placentas. In addition, the monoallelic expression of X2 and X5 was tissue-specific. Five transcripts of the KIAA0513 gene showed tissue- and isoform-specific monoallelic expression. The CDH13, ATP2C2, and TLDC1 genes exhibited tissue-specific imprinting, however, COTL1, CRISLPLD2, and GSE1 escaped imprinting. Four DMRs, established after fertilization, were found in this region. Two DMRs were located between the ZDHHC7 and KIAA0513 genes, and two were in exon 1 of the CDH13 and ATP2C2 genes, respectively. The results from this study support future studies on the molecular mechanism to regulate the imprinting of candidate genes on bovine chromosome 18.

Adavosertib-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks for p53-mutated gallbladder cancer treatment via synthetic lethality.

Adavosertib (ADA) is a WEE1 inhibitor that exhibits a synthetic lethal effect on p53-mutated gallbladder cancer (GBC). However, drug resistance due to DNA damage response compensation pathways and high toxicity limits further applications. Herein, estrone-targeted ADA-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks (ADA@MOF-EPL) for GBC synthetic lethal treatment by inducing conditional factors are developed. The high expression of estrogen receptors in GBC enables ADA@MOF-EPL to quickly enter and accumulate near the cell nucleus through estrone-mediated endocytosis and release ADA to inhibit WEE1 upon entering the acidic tumor microenvironment. Ultrasound irradiation induces ADA@MOF-EPL to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to a further increase in DNA damage, resulting in a higher sensitivity of p53-mutated cancer cells to WEE1 inhibitor and promoting cell death via conditional synthetic lethality. The conditional factor induced by ADA@MOF-EPL further enhances the antitumor efficacy while significantly reducing systemic toxicity. Moreover, ADA@MOF-EPL demonstrates similar antitumor abilities in other p53-mutated solid tumors, revealing its potential as a broad-spectrum antitumor drug.

Near-infrared electrochemiluminescence biosensors facilitated by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for ctDNA analysis.

The near-infrared electrochemiluminescence technique (NIR ECL) has gained significant attention as a powerful analytical tool in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis due to its inherent advantages. In this work, we successfully synthesized a novel NIR ECL emitter of TPA-DCPP nanoparticles (NPs) with a D-π-A-π-D configuration. By utilizing the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) property, we achieved enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission through complete exciton harvesting for radiative decay. Specifically, when BDEA was used as a co-reactant, the TPA-DCPP NPs exhibited strong bandgap ECL emission. Additionally, they demonstrated an exceptionally higher ECL efficiency compared to conventional near-infrared fluorescence organic nanomaterials (BSeT-BT NPs). By integrating the efficient anodic ECL performance of TPA-DCPP NPs with Exo III-assisted polymerase enzyme reaction cascade amplification, a highly efficient ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) platform was developed for ultrasensitive detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The established biosensor demonstrated an exceptional linear dynamic range and achieved attomolar-level detection limit. This study highlights the immense potential of TADF emitters in enhancing ECL efficiency and extends the emission wavelength of organic nanomaterials to the NIR region, thereby expanding their applications in biological analysis.

Enhanced and Sustainable Removal of Indoor Formaldehyde by Naturally Porous Bamboo Activated Carbon Supported with MnOx: Synergistic Effect of Adsorption and Oxidation.

Novel bamboo activated carbon (BAC) catalysts decorated with manganese oxides (MnOx) were prepared with varying MnOx contents through a facile one-step redox reaction. Due to the physical anchoring effect of the natural macropore structure for catalyst active components, homogeneous MnOx nanoparticles (NPs), and high specific surface area over catalyst surface, the BAC@MnOx-N (N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) catalyst shows encouraging adsorption and catalytic oxidation for indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) removal at room temperature. Dynamic adsorption and catalytic activity experiments were conducted. The higher Smicro (733 m2/g) and Vmicro/Vt (82.6%) of the BAC@MnOx-4 catalyst could facilitate its excellent saturated and breakthrough adsorption capacity (5.24 ± 0.42 mg/g, 2.43 ± 0.22 mg/g). The best performer against 2 ppm HCHO is BAC@MnOx-4 catalyst, exhibiting a maximum HCHO removal efficiency of 97% for 17 h without any deactivation as RH = 0, which is higher than those of other MnOx-based catalysts. The average oxidation state and in situ DRIFTS analysis reveal that abundant oxygen vacancies on the BAC@MnOx-4 catalyst could be identified as surface-active sites of decomposing HCHO into the intermediate species (dioxymethylene and formate). This study provides a potential approach to deposit MnOx nanoparticles onto the BAC surface, and this hybrid BAC@MnOx material is promising for indoor HCHO removal at room temperature.

LncRNA ENSGALG00000021686 regulates fat metabolism in chicken hepatocytes via miR-146b/AGPAT2 pathway.

The liver contributes to lipid metabolism as the hub of fat synthesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered the regulators of cellular processes. Since LncRNA ENSGALG00000021686 (lncRNA 21 686) has been described as a regulator of lipid metabolism, the present study aimed to clarify the role of lncRNA 21 686 in chicken hepatocytes' lipid metabolism. Thirty-two chickens were divided into four groups and were treated with diets containing different amounts of fat, and the hepatic expression of lncRNA 21 686 and miR-146b along with the levels of proteins involved in the regulation of fat metabolism, lipid indices and oxidative stress were measured. Moreover, primary chicken hepatocytes were transfected with lncRNA 21 686 small interfering RNA or microRNA (miRNA, miR)-146b mimics to measure the consequences of suppressing lncRNA or inducing miRNA expression on the levels of proteins involved in fat metabolism and stress markers. The results showed that the high-fat diet modulated the expression of lncRNA 21 686 and miR-146b (p-value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant increase in 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) gene expression and protein levels and modulated fat-related markers. Furthermore, the results showed that lncRNA 21 686 suppression reduced the expression of AGPAT2 and its downstream proteins (p-value < 0.05). Overexpression of miR-146b regulated fat metabolism indicator expression. Transfection experiments revealed that lncRNA 21 686 suppression increased miR-146b expression. The findings suggested a novel mechanism containing lncRNA 21 686/miR-146b/AGPAT2 in the regulation of fat metabolism in chicken hepatocytes.

Development and validation of a nomogram for pneumonia risk in burn patients with inhalation injury: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Burn patients with inhalation injury are at higher risk of developing pneumonia, and yet there is no reliable tool for the assessment of the risk for such patients at admission. This study aims to establish a predictive model for pneumonia risk for burn patients with inhalation injury based on clinical findings and laboratory tests. METHOD: This retrospective study enrolled 546 burn patients with inhalation injury. They were grouped into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were utilized to identify risk factors for pneumonia. Based on the factors, a nomogram for predicting pneumonia in burn patients with inhalation injury was constructed. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the efficiency of the nomogram in both the training and validation cohorts. RESULTS: The training cohort included 432 patients, and the validation cohort included 114 patients, with a total of 225 (41.2%) patients experiencing pneumonia. Inhalation injury, tracheal intubation/tracheostomy, low serum albumin, and high blood glucose were independent risk factors for pneumonia in burn patients with inhalation injury and they were further used to build the nomogram. The AUC of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.938 (95% CI: 0.917-0.960) and 0.966 (95% CI: 0.931-1), respectively. The calibration curve for probability of pneumonia showed optimal agreement between the prediction by nomogram and the actual observation, and the DCA indicated that the constructed nomogram conferred high clinical net benefit. CONCLUSION: This nomogram can accurately predict the risk of developing pneumonia for burn patients with inhalation injury, and help professionals to identify high-risk patients at an early stage as well as to make informed clinical decisions.

Molecular Engineering of Bright NIR-I/NIR-II Nanofluorophores for High-Resolution Bioimaging and Tumor Detection in Vivo.

A comprehensive approach for the construction of NIR-I/NIR-II nanofluorophores with exceptional brightness and excellent chemo- and photostability has been developed. This study first confirmed that the amphiphilic molecules with stronger hydrophobic moieties and weaker hydrophilic moieties are superior candidates for constructing brighter nanofluorophores, which are attributed to its higher efficiency in suppressing the intramolecular charge transfer/aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching of donor-acceptor-donor type fluorophores. The prepared nanofluorophore demonstrates a fluorescence quantum yield exceeding 4.5% in aqueous solution and exhibits a strong NIR-II tail emission up to 1300 nm. The superior performance of the nanofluorophore enabled the achievement of high-resolution whole-body vessel imaging and brain vessel imaging, as well as high-contrast fluorescence imaging of the lymphatic system in vivo. Furthermore, their potential for highly sensitive fluorescence detection of tiny tumors in vivo has been successfully confirmed, thus supporting their future applications in precise fluorescence imaging-guided surgery in the early stages of cancer.

Light-Induced Variation of Lithium Coordination Environment in g-C3N4 Nanosheet for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reactions.

The structure and electronic state of the active center in a single-atom catalyst undergo noticeable changes during a dynamic catalytic process. The metal atom active center is not well demonstrated in a dynamic manner. This study demonstrated that Li metal atoms, serving as active centers, can migrate on a C3N4 monolayer or between C3N4 monolayers when exposed to light irradiation. This migration alters the local coordination environment of Li in the C3N4 nanosheets, leading to a significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic H2O2 process could be maintained for 35 h with a 920 mmol/g record-high yield, corresponding to a 0.4% H2O2 concentration, which is far greater than the value (0.1%) of practical application for wastewater treatment. Density functional theory calculations indicated that dynamic Li-coordinated structures contributed to the superhigh photocatalytic activity.

A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning.

Continuously monitoring global population spatial dynamics is crucial for implementing effective policies related to sustainable development, including epidemiology, urban planning, and global inequality. However, existing global gridded population data products lack consistent population estimates, making them unsuitable for time-series analysis. To address this issue, this study designed a data fusion framework based on cluster analysis and statistical learning approaches, which led to the generation of a continuous global gridded population dataset (GlobPOP). The GlobPOP dataset was evaluated through two-tier spatial and temporal validation to demonstrate its accuracy and applicability. The spatial validation results show that the GlobPOP dataset is highly accurate. The temporal validation results also reveal that the GlobPOP dataset performs consistently well across eight representative countries and cities despite their unique population dynamics. With the availability of GlobPOP datasets in both population count and population density formats, researchers and policymakers can leverage the new dataset to conduct time-series analysis of the population and explore the spatial patterns of population development at global, national, and city levels.

Diethylenetriamine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide having more amino groups for methylene blue removal.

To obtain a high-performance amino-functionalized graphene, a new aminated graphene was prepared through a substitution reaction between chlorine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine. The product exhibits high nitrogen content uniformly distributed in its sheets, with diethylenetriamine covalently attached to these sheets. The C-N bond in the product was certified by the Fourier transform infrared spectrum, which implies the successful attachment of diethylenetriamine to the graphene sheets. The average interlayer spacing is 0.42 nm. Diethylenetriamine features many more amino groups that act as ligands and spacers during adsorption and layer stacking processes. Compared with the adsorption capacities of reduced graphene oxide (77.1 mg g-1) and activated carbon (46.7 mg g-1), the product exhibits higher adsorption capacity (291.4 mg g-1). The adsorption process fits the quasi-first-order model and Langmuir model. Physical adsorption plays a primary role in the adsorption process. The amino group of the product easily reacts with other chemicals, making it a useful intermediate for other graphene materials.