Complication rates and safety of pulsed dye laser treatment for port-wine stain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the most commonly used method for port-wine stain (PWS); however, no studies have reported the safety of PDL. This review aimed to collect and summarize complications reported in relevant literature, assess complication rates in treating PWS with PDL, and explore the relevant influencing factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to search for related studies in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until August 2022. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. Stata Software version 17.0 was used for the analysis. All complications reported in the literature are divided into acute phase complications and long-term complications. Overall pooled purpura, edema, crusting, blistering, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and scarring rates were 98.3%, 97.6%, 21.5%, 8.7%, 12.8%, 0.9%, and 0.2%, respectively. Although the acute adverse reactions were found to be common, the long-term permanent complications clearly have a lower frequency, and the occurrence of scarring is much lower than that initially thought. This indicates that effective protective measures after treatment are very important for preventing scar formation. Overall, PDL treatment for PWS shows a high level of safety and low chances of causing long-term complications.

Enhanced butanol production from cassava with Clostridium acetobutylicum by genome shuffling.

To obtain strains exhibiting high levels of solvent tolerance and butanol production, wild type strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum butanol-producing strain GX01 and Lactobacillus mucosae butanol-tolerant strain M26 were subjected to mutagenesis combining N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induction with genome shuffling. After four successive rounds of genome shuffling, the C. acetobutylicum shuffled strain GS4-3 showing greater levels of fermentation performances (such as secreting a higher level of amylase, improving the thermal stability, and possessing greater environmental robustness) compared to the wild type strains was isolated. As a result, after optimization of culture conditions, mutant GS4-3 produced 32.6 g/L of total solvent, 20.1 g/L of butanol production, and 0.35 g/L/h of butanol productivity, which were, respectively, increased by 23.5, 23.3, and 40.0 % than the wild-type strain GX01, in a 10 L bioreactor. The enhanced production of butanol and tolerance of solvent of mutant associated with GS4-3 make it promising for acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation from cassava (Manihot esculenta).

High prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in Chinese children and adolescents with prehypertension/hypertension.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose among Chinese children and adolescents with prehypertension/hypertension (PHP/HP), overweight/obesity (OW/OB) or both in the general population. METHODS: In total, 3409 children and adolescents among the age group of 10-18 years were enrolled. These subjects were then divided into four groups: OW/OB, PHP/HP, OW/OB + PHP/HP and a control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid levels were measured in children with a body mass index > or =85th percentile and/or blood pressure > or =90th percentile and in 100 subjects randomly selected from the control group. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all the subjects with fasting glucose > or =5.6 mmol/L. RESULTS: Eighty-one impaired fasting glucose subjects and one girl with type 2 diabetes were identified. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in PHP/HP (7.03%) was not significantly different from that in the OW/OB + PHP/HP group (8.59%), but was higher than that in the OW/OB group (3.31%). CONCLUSION: Although the American Diabetes Association does not recommend the FPG test for children and adolescents with PHP/HP, in this study, we found that children and adolescents with PHP/HP have a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose than those with OW/OB. Further validation of these findings is warranted and a type 2 diabetes screening protocol for Chinese children and adolescents needs to be established.

[The effects of epidermal growth factor on the wound repair of junctional epithelial cells and gingival epithelial cells in vitro].

PURPOSE: To study the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the proliferation and cellular fill of junctional epithelium (JE) and gingival epithelium (GE) by using an in vitro wound model. METHODS: EGFR mRNA was semiquantitatively determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry was performed to measure EGFR expression. JE and GE cells were plated into 6 well tissue culture plates containing 22mm x 26mm sterile glass coverslips. After cells were grown to confluence, a 3mm wide wound was created at the center of the coverslips. The cells were incubated in medium containing EGF at a 20ng/mL concentration. Negative controls were incubated in keratinocyte serum-free medium. At 5, 9 and 12 days following wounding, the coverslips were removed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Quantification of percentage of cellular wound fill and PCNA positive nuclei was accomplished by using computer assisted histomorphometry.The data were analyzed with SAS6.12 software package. RESULTS: Densitometric scanning indicated that EGFR mRNA expression in GE cells was 1.2-fold higher than that in JE cells. EGFR protein was positive in GE and JE immunocytochemically. At 9 -day post-wounding, GE and JE demonstrated significantly greater proliferative responses to EGF when compared to negative controls (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in the proliferative responses to EGF between the two cell types (P>0.05). At each time point, EGF stimulated the cellular fill of JE and GE compared with negative controls (P<0.05). However, GE displayed greater cellular fill significantly than JE at day 9 and 12 post-wounding (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EGFR is present in the JE and GE cells. EGF may regulate the cell fill and proliferation of the two cell types in this in vitro model.

[The modification of culture and cryopreservation methods for human junctional epithelium cells].

PURPOSE: To study the methods for isolating, culturing and cryopreserving junctional epithelium(JE) cells. METHODS: JE tissue samples were obtained from human periodontally healthy premolars which were extracted for orthodontic reasons. The sulcular epithelium was removed at a distance of 1 mm from the gingival margin. JE tissue was detached from the extracted teeth by using 11 sterile blade and minced into small fragments. The cultured JE cells were incubated with a freezing medium consisting of 90% calf serum and 10% DMSO. The freezing protocol was applied using a computer-controlled freezer to freeze the medium to -80 degrees centigrade before cells were plunged into liquid nitrogen and stored. The above procedures were optimized to further study the morphology, proliferation, determination of JE cells and measure the viability after thawing. RESULTS: 0.1% trypsin containing 0.02% ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) digestion was used to isolate JE cells successfully without dispase. The viability of thawing JE cells was(93.87+/-3.11)%, and the morphology was similar to that of the second passage JE cells. CK19 and vimentin were both positive in JE cells immunocytochemically. CONCLUSION: The methods could be applied into practice. The phenotype of JE cells in vitro is not always consistent with that in vivo. It might be associated with the substrate which cells grow in contact with.