Combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals salinity stress specific signaling and tolerance responses in the seagrass Zostera japonica.

KEY MESSAGE: Multiple regulatory pathways of Zostera japonica to salt stress were identified through growth, physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Seagrasses are marine higher submerged plants that evolved from terrestrial monocotyledons and have fully adapted to the high saline seawater environment during the long evolutionary process. As one of the seagrasses growing in the intertidal zone, Zostera japonica not only has the ability to quickly adapt to short-term salt stress but can also survive at salinities ranging from the lower salinity of the Yellow River estuary to the higher salinity of the bay, making it a good natural model for studying the mechanism underlying the adaptation of plants to salt stress. In this work, we screened the growth, physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic changes of Z. japonica after a 5-day exposure to different salinities. We found that high salinity treatment impeded the growth of Z. japonica, hindered its photosynthesis, and elicited oxidative damage, while Z. japonica increased antioxidant enzyme activity. At the transcriptomic level, hypersaline stress greatly reduced the expression levels of photosynthesis-related genes while increasing the expression of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the expression of candidate genes involved in ion transport and cell wall remodeling was dramatically changed under hypersaline stress. Moreover, transcription factors signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were also significantly influenced by salt stress. At the metabolomic level, Z. japonica displayed an accumulation of osmolytes and TCA mediators under hypersaline stress. In conclusion, our results revealed a complex regulatory mechanism in Z. japonica under salt stress, and the findings will provide important guidance for improving salt resistance in crops.

Study on leukapheresis of hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia through in vitro centrifugation.

Respiratory failure, intracranial hemorrhage and infection were more common in hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia patients than in non-hyperleukocytic leukemia patients. Compared with non-apheresis treatment, the white blood cells decreased significantly and the infection rate decreased after apheresis treatment. However, the treatment time of leukapheresis in patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia is very long, while it is more damaging to cells. In this study, which conducted a retrospective analysis on patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia, the process of centrifugation of normal cells and patients' cells by apheresis machine was simulated in vitro. Through selecting 5 healthy persons and 11 patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia, extracting their blood samples and performing in vitro centrifugation at different speeds or duration, we observed the changes of the numbers and morphology of peripheral blood cells in healthy people and patients, so as to explore the optimal centrifugation parameters during leukapheresis. The cells obtained by the optimal centrifugation parameters were cryopreserved and two groups of mice (10 mice in each group) were used to establish leukemia animal models. Through the research, it is found that when the centrifugal speed is below 6000 rpm, the damage to blood cells in healthy people and in patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia is not obvious. When the centrifugal speed is above 6000 rpm, the platelets will be damaged significantly. The cells obtained under the optimal centrifugation parameters can be successfully cryopreserved and used to establish leukemia animal models. This study is of great significance for improving the efficiency and reducing the side effects of leukapheresis, and is helpful to improve the treatment of white blood cells reduction.

Structural, physicochemical and digestive properties of non-covalent and covalent complexes of ultrasound treated soybean protein isolate with soybean isoflavone.

The non-covalent and covalent complexes of ultrasound treated soybean protein isolate (SPI) and soybean isoflavone (SI) were prepared, and the structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion characteristics of SPI-SI complexes were investigated. Ultrasonic treatment increased the non-covalent and covalent binding degree of SPI with SI, and the 240 W ultrasonic covalent complexes had higher binding efficiency. Appropriate ultrasonic treatment caused more uniform particle size distribution, lower average particle size and higher surface charge, which enhanced the free sulfhydryl groups and surface hydrophobicity, thus improving the stability, solubility and emulsifying properties of complexes. Ultrasonic treatment resulted in more disordered secondary structure, tighter tertiary conformation, higher thermal stability and stronger SPI-SI covalent interactions of complexes. These structural modifications of particles had important effects on the chemical stability and gastrointestinal digestion fate of SI. The ultrasonic covalent complexation had a greater resistance to heat-induced chemical degradation of SI and improved its chemical stability. Furthermore, the 240 W ultrasonic covalent complexes showed lower protein digestibility during digestion, and provided stronger protection for SI, which improved the digestion stability and antioxidant activity. Therefore, appropriate ultrasound promoted SPI-SI interactions to improve the stability and functional properties of complexes, which provided a theoretical basis for the development of new complexes and their applications in functional foods.

Effect of Yogurt Intake Frequency on Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Yogurt consumption is a significant factor in reducing the risk of hypertension and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Although increasing evidence has emerged regarding the potential benefits of probiotics in hypertension, there is a lack of large, cross-sectional studies assessing the association between yogurt intake and blood pressure parameters. We aimed to evaluate the association between yogurt intake frequency and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study was designed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2003 to 2004 and 2005 to 2006. We included 3, 068 adults with blood pressure data and yogurt intake data. Multivariate regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between yogurt and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), and mean arterial pressure (P < 0.05) in nonhypertensive participants (n = 1 822) but not in hypertensive participants (n = 1 246). Furthermore, a high frequency of yogurt intake prevented hypertension; however, no additional antihypertensive effects were observed in patients already diagnosed with hypertension.

FLT3-selective PROTAC: Enhanced safety and increased synergy with Venetoclax in FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients carrying Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations often face a poor prognosis. While some FLT3 inhibitors have been used clinically, challenges such as short efficacy and poor specificity persist. Proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC), with its lower ligand affinity requirement for target proteins, offers higher and rapid targeting capability. Gilteritinib, used as the ligand for the target protein, was connected with different E3 ligase ligands to synthesize several series of PROTAC targeting FLT3-ITD. Through screening and structural optimization, the optimal lead compound PROTAC Z29 showed better specificity than Gilteritinib. Z29 induced FLT3 degradation through the proteasome pathway and inhibited tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft mice. We verified Z29's minimal impact on platelets in a patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model compared to Gilteritinib. The combination of Z29 and Venetoclax showed better anti-tumor effects, lower platelet toxicity, and lower hepatic toxicity in FLT3-ITD+ models. The FLT3-selective PROTAC can mitigate the platelet toxicity of small molecule inhibitors, ensuring safety and efficacy in monotherapy and combination therapy with Venetoclax. It is a promising strategy for FLT3-ITD+ patients, especially those with platelet deficiency or liver damage.

Prevalence trends of anemia impairment in adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a common complication of HIV/AIDS, particularly in adolescents and young adults across various countries and regions. However, little is known about the changing prevalence trends of anemia impairment in this population over time. METHODS: Data on anemia in adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease. Prevalence was calculated by gender, region, and country for individuals aged 10-24, and trends were measured using estimating annual percentage changes (EAPC). RESULTS: Globally, the prevalence of adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS increased from 103.95 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 203.78 in 2019. However, anemia impairment has decreased over the past three decades, with a global percentage decreasing from 70.6% in 1990 to 34.7% in 2019, mainly presenting as mild to moderate anemia and significantly higher in females than males. The largest decreases were observed in Central Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, with EAPCs of -2.8, -2.34, and -2.17, respectively. Tajikistan (78.76%) and Madagascar (74.65%) had the highest anemia impairment percentage in 2019, while China (16.61%) and Iceland (13.73%) had the lowest. Anemia impairment was closely related to sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, with a high proportion of impairment in low SDI regions but a stable decreasing trend (EAPC = -0.37). CONCLUSION: Continued anemia monitoring and management are crucial for patients with HIV, especially in high-prevalence regions and among females. Public health policies and interventions can improve the quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Green synthesis of iron-doped graphene quantum dots: an efficient nanozyme for glucose sensing.

Single-atom nanozymes with well-defined atomic structures and electronic coordination environments can effectively mimic the functions of natural enzymes. However, the costly and intricate preparation processes have hindered further exploration and application of these single-atom nanozymes. In this study, we presented a synthesis technique for creating Fe-N central single-atom doped graphene quantum dot (FeN/GQDs) nanozymes using a one-step solvothermal process, where individual iron atoms form strong bonds with graphene quantum dots through nitrogen coordination. Unlike previous studies, this method significantly simplifies the synthesis conditions for single-atom nanozymes, eliminating the need for high temperatures and employing environmentally friendly precursors derived from pineapple (ananas comosus) leaves. The resulting FeN/GQDs exhibited peroxidase-like catalytic activity and kinetics comparable to that of natural enzymes, efficiently converting H2O2 into hydroxyl radical species. Leveraging their excellent peroxide-like activity, FeN/GQDs nanozymes have been successfully applied to construct a colorimetric biosensor system characterized by remarkably high sensitivity for glucose detection. This achievement demonstrated a promising approach to designing single-atom nanozymes with both facile synthesis procedures and high catalytic activity, offering potential applications in wearable sensors and personalized health monitoring.

[Photochemical Mechanism and Control Strategy Optimization for Summertime Ozone Pollution in Yining City].

To explore the formation mechanism of the ozone （O3） and emission reduction strategy in a northwestern city， an extensive field campaign was conducted in summertime in 2021 in Yining City， in which the 0-D box model incorporating the latest explicit chemical mechanism （MCMv3.3.1） was applied for the first time to quantify the O3-NOx-VOCs sensitivity and formulate a precise O3 control strategy in this city. The results showed that： ① the three indicators ï¼»i.e.， O3 formation potential （OFP）， ·OH reaction rate （k·OH）， and relative incremental reactivity （RIR）］ jointly indicated that alkenes， oxygenated volatile organic compounds （OVOCs）， and aromatics were the highest contributors among anthropogenic volatile organic compounds （AVOC） to O3 formation， and the contribution of biogenic volatile organic compounds （BVOC） also could not be ignored. Additionally， the results based on RIR calculation implied that that the acetaldehyde， ethylene， and propylene were the most sensitive individual VOCs species in Yining City. ② The in-situ photochemical O3 variations were primarily influenced by the local photochemical production and export process horizontally to downwind areas or vertically to the upper layer， and the reaction pathways of HO2·+ NO and ·OH + NO2 contributed the most to the gross Ox photochemical production （60%） and photochemical destruction production （53%）， respectively. Hence， the reduction in local emissions for O3 precursors was more essential to alleviate O3 pollution in this city. ③ The outcome based on RIR（NOx） / RIR（AVOC） and EKMA jointly suggested that the photochemical regime in this city can be considered a transitional regime that was also nearly a VOCs-limited regime. Detailed mechanism modeling based on multiple scenarios further suggested that the NOx and VOCs synergic emission reduction strategies was helpful to alleviate O3 pollution. These results are useful to provide policy-related guidance for other cities facing similar O3 pollution in northwest China.

Reliable Off-Resonance Correction in High-Field Cardiac MRI Using Autonomous Cardiac B0 Segmentation with Dual-Modality Deep Neural Networks.

B0 field inhomogeneity is a long-lasting issue for Cardiac MRI (CMR) in high-field (3T and above) scanners. The inhomogeneous B0 fields can lead to corrupted image quality, prolonged scan time, and false diagnosis. B0 shimming is the most straightforward way to improve the B0 homogeneity. However, today's standard cardiac shimming protocol requires manual selection of a shim volume, which often falsely includes regions with large B0 deviation (e.g., liver, fat, and chest wall). The flawed shim field compromises the reliability of high-field CMR protocols, which significantly reduces the scan efficiency and hinders its wider clinical adoption. This study aims to develop a dual-channel deep learning model that can reliably contour the cardiac region for B0 shim without human interaction and under variable imaging protocols. By utilizing both the magnitude and phase information, the model achieved a high segmentation accuracy in the B0 field maps compared to the conventional single-channel methods (Dice score: 2D-mag = 0.866, 3D-mag = 0.907, and 3D-mag-phase = 0.938, all p < 0.05). Furthermore, it shows better generalizability against the common variations in MRI imaging parameters and enables significantly improved B0 shim compared to the standard method (SD(B0Shim): Proposed = 15 ± 11% vs. Standard = 6 ± 12%, p < 0.05). The proposed autonomous model can boost the reliability of cardiac shimming at 3T and serve as the foundation for more reliable and efficient high-field CMR imaging in clinical routines.

Enhancing Whole-Brain Magnetic Field Homogeneity for 3D-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging with a Novel Unified Coil: A Preliminary Study.

The spectral quality of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) can be affected by strong magnetic field inhomogeneities, posing a challenge for 3D-MRSI's widespread clinical use with standard scanner-equipped 2nd-order shim coils. To overcome this, we designed an empirical unified shim-RF head coil (32-ch RF receive and 51-ch shim) for 3D-MRSI improvement. We compared its shimming performance and 3D-MRSI brain coverages against the standard scanner shim (2nd-order spherical harmonic (SH) shim coils) and integrated parallel reception, excitation, and shimming (iPRES) 32-ch AC/DC head coil. We also simulated a theoretical 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-order SH shim as a benchmark to assess the UNIfied shim-RF coil (UNIC) improvements. In this preliminary study, the whole-brain coverage was simulated by using B0 field maps of twenty-four healthy human subjects (n = 24). Our results demonstrated that UNIC substantially improves brain field homogeneity, reducing whole-brain frequency standard deviations by 27% compared to the standard 2nd-order scanner shim and 17% compared to the iPRES shim. Moreover, UNIC enhances whole-brain coverage of 3D-MRSI by up to 34% compared to the standard 2nd-order scanner shim and up to 13% compared to the iPRES shim. UNIC markedly increases coverage in the prefrontal cortex by 147% and 47% and in the medial temporal lobe and temporal pole by 29% and 13%, respectively, at voxel resolutions of 1.4 cc and 0.09 cc for 3D-MRSI. Furthermore, UNIC effectively reduces variations in shim quality and brain coverage among different subjects compared to scanner shim and iPRES shim. Anticipated advancements in higher-order shimming (beyond 6th order) are expected via optimized designs using dimensionality reduction methods.

Riboflavin-loaded soy protein isolate cold gel treated with combination of high intensity ultrasound and high hydrostatic pressure: Gel structure, physicochemical properties and gastrointestinal digestion fate.

Transglutaminase (TGase) was added to soy protein isolate (SPI) dispersion after the combination treatment of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to catalyze the formation of cold gel, which was used to encapsulate riboflavin. The structure, physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion characteristics of riboflavin-loaded SPI cold gel were investigated. HIU-HHP combined treatment enhanced the strength, water retention, elastic property, thermal stability and protein denaturation degree of riboflavin-loaded SPI cold gels, and improved the gel network structure, resulting in a higher encapsulation efficiency of riboflavin and its chemical stability under heat and light treatment. HIU-HHP combined treatment reduced the erosion and swelling of SPI cold gel in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, and improved the sustained release effect of SPI gel on riboflavin by changing the digestion mode and rate of gel. In addition, HIU-HHP combined treated gels promoted the directional release of riboflavin in the simulated intestinal fluid, thereby improving its bioaccessibility, which was related to the secondary structure orderliness, tertiary conformation tightness and aggregation degree of protein during the gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, HIU-HHP combined treatment technology had potential application value in improving the protection, sustained/controlled release and delivery of SPI cold gels for sensitive bioactive compounds.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals tumor cell heterogeneity and immune microenvironment features of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are one of the most common types of intracranial tumors. Currently, the cellular characteristics of normal pituitary and various other types of PitNETs are still not completely understood. METHODS: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 4 normal samples and 24 PitNET samples for comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Findings regarding the function of PBK in the aggressive tumor cells were validated by siRNA knockdown, overexpression, and transwell experiments. RESULTS: We first constructed a reference cell atlas of the human pituitary. Subsequent scRNA-seq analysis of PitNET samples, representing major tumor subtypes, shed light on the intrinsic cellular heterogeneities of the tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). We found that the expression of hormone-encoding genes defined the major variations of the PIT1-lineage tumor cell transcriptomic heterogeneities. A sub-population of TPIT-lineage tumor cells highly expressing GZMK suggested a novel subtype of corticotroph tumors. In immune cells, we found two clusters of tumor-associated macrophages, which were both highly enriched in PitNETs but with distinct functional characteristics. In PitNETs, the stress response pathway was significantly activated in T cells. While a majority of these tumors are benign, our study unveils a common existence of aggressive tumor cells in the studied samples, which highly express a set of malignant signature genes. The following functional experiments confirmed the oncogenic role of selected up-regulated genes. The over-expression of PBK could promote both tumor cell proliferation and migration, and it was also significantly associated with poor prognosis in PitNET patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data and analysis manifested the basic cell types in the normal pituitary and inherent heterogeneity of PitNETs, identified several features of the tumor immune microenvironments, and found a novel epithelial cell sub-population with aggressive signatures across all the studied cases.

Development of a risk assessment model for cardiac injury in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia based on a multicenter, real-world analysis in China.

BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are prone to combined cardiac injury. We aimed to identify hematological risk factors associated with cardiac injury in newly diagnosed AML patients before chemotherapy and develop a personalized predictive model. METHODS: The population baseline, blood test, electrocardiogram, echocardiograph, and genetic and cytogenetic data were collected from newly diagnosed AML patients. The data were subdivided into training and validation cohorts. The independent risk factors were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively, and data dimension reduction and variable selection were performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models. The nomogram was generated and the reliability and generalizability were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curves in an external validation cohort. RESULTS: Finally, 499 AML patients were included. After univariate logistic regression, LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis, abnormal NT-proBNP, NPM1 mutation, WBC, and RBC were independent risk factors for cardiac injury in AML patients (all P < 0.05). The nomogram was constructed based on the above four variables with high accuracy. The area under the curve was 0.742, 0.750, and 0.706 in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve indicated that the model has good testing capability. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the higher the risk of combined cardiac injury in AML patients, the lower their probability of survival. CONCLUSIONS: This prediction nomogram identifies hematological risk factors associated with cardiac injury in newly diagnosed AML patients and can help hematologists identify the risk and provide precise treatment options.

scCancer2: data-driven in-depth annotations of the tumor microenvironment at single-level resolution.

SUMMARY: Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technique for decoding the complex cellular compositions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As previous studies have defined many meaningful cell subtypes in several tumor types, there is a great need to computationally transfer these labels to new datasets. Also, different studies used different approaches or criteria to define the cell subtypes for the same major cell lineages. The relationships between the cell subtypes defined in different studies should be carefully evaluated. In this updated package scCancer2, designed for integrative tumor scRNA-seq data analysis, we developed a supervised machine learning framework to annotate TME cells with annotated cell subtypes from 15 scRNA-seq datasets with 594 samples in total. Based on the trained classifiers, we quantitatively constructed the similarity maps between the cell subtypes defined in different references by testing on all the 15 datasets. Secondly, to improve the identification of malignant cells, we designed a classifier by integrating large-scale pan-cancer TCGA bulk gene expression datasets and scRNA-seq datasets (10 cancer types, 175 samples, 663 857 cells). This classifier shows robust performances when no internal confidential reference cells are available. Thirdly, scCancer2 integrated a module to process the spatial transcriptomic data and analyze the spatial features of TME. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The package and user documentation are available at http://lifeome.net/software/sccancer2/ and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10477296.

Reversible polarity-switch of thin-layer chromatography by photo-induction with multi-regulation in spatial dimension.

Generally, thin-layer chromatography always undertakes the indispensable role in rapid screening and identification of specific compounds. Stationary phase is the core part of thin-layer chromatography with fixed property, which leading to the limitations of separation mode of only regulating the composition of mobile phase. This work was an attempt to fabricate the unique photosensitive thin-layer chromatography to make up the above major drawback. 4-[3-(Triethoxysilyl)propoxy]azobenzene (azo-PTES) was synthesized as photosensitive modifier to fabricate the photosensitive stationary phase, and the transformation of cis-trans structure of azo-PTES proceeds along with polarity difference under 365 nm and 473 nm irradiation. Based on this, the proposed photosensitive thin-layer chromatography shows the reversible switch of polarity of stationary phase by photoinduction, followed by the deserved reversible separation behavior. Furthermore, multi-regulation in spatial dimension was achieved based on the high freedom of spatial regulation of photoinduction, which brings about the integration of stationary phase with different polarity, just by photoinduction. The concept of photosensitive thin-layer chromatography provides new idea for improving separation efficiency and developing multi-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on the one plate.

Protective role of perivascular adipose tissue in the cardiovascular system.

This review provides an overview of the key role played by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the protection of cardiovascular health. PVAT is a specific type of adipose tissue that wraps around blood vessels and has recently emerged as a critical factor for maintenance of vascular health. Through a profound exploration of existing research, this review sheds light on the intricate structural composition and cellular origins of PVAT, with a particular emphasis on combining its regulatory functions for vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. The review then delves into the intricate mechanisms by which PVAT exerts its protective effects, including the secretion of diverse adipokines and manipulation of the renin-angiotensin complex. The review further examines the alterations in PVAT function and phenotype observed in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Recognizing the complex interactions of PVAT with the cardiovascular system is critical for pursuing breakthrough therapeutic strategies that can target cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to augment present understanding of the protective role of PVAT in cardiovascular health, with a special emphasis on elucidating potential mechanisms and paving the way for future research directions in this evolving field.

Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with coronary heart disease in Jilin Province, China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with coronary heart disease and to examine the role of left ventricular GLS in detecting early changes in cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease in the subclinical stage. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 178 participants with symptomatic coronary artery disease excluding myocardial infarction or left ventricular dysfunction was conducted in Jilin Province, China. Basic clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data were obtained from all participants. Myocardial strain parameters were compared between patients with higher TyG index and those with lower TyG index, and the association between the gradually elevated TyG index and on subclinical cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease was evaluated. RESULTS: The GLS of left ventricle was lower in the higher TyG index group than in the lower TyG index group. As the TyG index increases, the GLS progressively decreases. The results remained stable after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: A higher TyG index maybe independently associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease.

Age differences in interbrain synchronization during peer cooperation: an EEG hyperscanning study.

Healthy peer relationships could provide emotional and social support for adolescents experiencing dramatic physical and environmental changes. Examining age differences in cognitive neural processing during peer interaction provides insight into adolescent interpersonal contact and "social brain" development. The present study compared the age differences between adolescents and adults by examining the behavior and interbrain synchronization of pairs in a cooperative computer game task. 32 pairs of adolescents and 31 pairs of adults were recruited as participants. The reaction times and interbrain synchronization of the participants were measured. The results revealed that interbrain synchronization activation following the onset of the "ready signal" was primarily detected in low-frequency bands such as delta and theta. Adolescent pairs' interbrain synchronization activations were significantly higher than those of adult pairs in the anterior and central brain regions, such as the frontal, frontal-central, and parietal lobes. Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between occipital region interbrain synchronization and behavioral performance. The findings provide behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for the characteristics of adolescent interpersonal cognitive processing and point to the significance of low-frequency interbrain synchronization in interpersonal coordination.