Application of the bicharacteristic attention residual pyramid for the treatment of brain tumors.

Currently, surgery remains the primary treatment for craniocerebral tumors. Before doctors perform surgeries, they need to determine the surgical plan according to the shape, location, and size of the tumor; however, various conditions of different patients make the tumor segmentation task challenging. To improve the accuracy of determining tumor shape and realizing edge segmentation, a U-shaped network combining a residual pyramid module and a dual feature attention module is proposed. The residual pyramid module can enlarge the receptive field, extract multiscale features, and fuse original information, which solves the problem caused by the feature pyramid pooling where the local information is not related to the remote information. In addition, the dual feature attention module is proposed to replace the skip connection in the original U-Net network, enrich the features, and improve the attention of the model to space and channel features with large amounts of information to be used for more accurate brain tumor segmentation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on the public datasets Kaggle_3M and BraTS2021. Because the model proposed in this study is applicable to two-dimensional image segmentation, it is necessary to obtain the crosscutting images of fair class in the BraTS2021 dataset in advance. Results show that the model accuracy, Jaccard similarity coefficient, Dice similarity coefficient, and false negative rate (FNR) on the Kaggle_3M dataset are 0.9395, 0.8812, 0.8958, and 0.007, respectively. The model accuracy, Jaccard similarity coefficient, Dice similarity coefficient, and FNR on the BraTS2021 dataset were 0.9375, 0.9072, 0.8981, and 0.0087, respectively. Compared with existing algorithms, all the indicators of the proposed algorithm have been improved, but the proposed model still has certain limitations and has not been applied to actual clinical trials. For specific datasets, the generalization ability of the model needs to be further improved. In the future work, the model will be further improved to address the aforementioned limitations.

Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol in Treating Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: A Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Approach with Molecular Docking Validation.

BACKGROUND: Resveratrol is a potent phytochemical known for its potential in treating cardiometabolic multimorbidity. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study systematically investigates the effects of resveratrol on cardiometabolic multimorbidity and elucidates its mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. METHODS: We screened cardiometabolic multimorbidity-related targets using the OMIM, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases, and utilized the DSigDB drug characterization database to predict resveratrol's effects on cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Target identification for resveratrol was conducted using the TCMSP, SymMap, DrugBank, Swiss Target Prediction, CTD, and UniProt databases. SwissADME and ADMETlab 2.0 simulations were used to predict drug similarity and toxicity profiles of resveratrol. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed via the DAVID online platform, and target-pathway networks were established. Molecular docking validated interactions between core targets and resveratrol, followed by molecular dynamics simulations on the optimal core proteins identified through docking. Differential analysis using the GEO dataset validated resveratrol as a core target in cardiometabolic multimorbidity. RESULTS: A total of 585 cardiometabolic multimorbidity target genes were identified, and the predicted results indicated that the phytochemical resveratrol could be a major therapeutic agent for cardiometabolic multimorbidity. SwissADME simulations showed that resveratrol has potential drug-like activity with minimal toxicity. Additionally, 6703 targets of resveratrol were screened. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the main biological processes involved included positive regulation of cell proliferation, positive regulation of gene expression, and response to estradiol. Significant pathways related to MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were also identified. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated strong interactions between resveratrol and core targets such as MAPK and EGFR. CONCLUSIONS: This study predicts potential targets and pathways of resveratrol in treating cardiometabolic multimorbidity, offering a new research direction for understanding its molecular mechanisms. Additionally, it establishes a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of resveratrol.

Integrating attention mechanism and multi-scale feature extraction for fall detection.

Addressing the critical need for accurate fall event detection due to their potentially severe impacts, this paper introduces the Spatial Channel and Pooling Enhanced You Only Look Once version 5 small (SCPE-YOLOv5s) model. Fall events pose a challenge for detection due to their varying scales and subtle pose features. To address this problem, SCPE-YOLOv5s introduces spatial attention to the Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) network, which significantly enhances the model's ability to extract features from spatial pose distribution. Moreover, the model integrates average pooling layers into the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) network to support the multi-scale extraction of fall poses. Meanwhile, by incorporating the ECA network into SPP, the model effectively combines global and local features to further enhance the feature extraction. This paper validates the SCPE-YOLOv5s on a public dataset, demonstrating that it achieves a mean Average Precision of 88.29 %, outperforming the You Only Look Once version 5 small by 4.87 %. Additionally, the model achieves 57.4 frames per second. Therefore, SCPE-YOLOv5s provides a novel solution for fall event detection.

Peroxide-Simulating and GSH-Depleting Nanozyme for Enhanced Chemodynamic/Photodynamic Therapy via Induction of Multisource ROS.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the production of ROS in tumor cells is often limited by hypoxia, insufficient substrates, and high level of ROS scavengers in a tumor microenvironment, which seriously affects the efficacy of ROS-related tumor therapies. Herein, we report a lipid-supported manganese oxide nanozyme, MLP@DHA&Ce6, by decorating a MnO2 nano-shell on the liposome loaded with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and photosensitizer Ce6 for generating multisource ROS to enhance cancer therapy. MLP@DHA&Ce6 can be accumulated in tumors and can release active components, Mn2+ ions, and O2. The conjugate generates ROS via nanozyme-catalyzed CDT using DHA as a substrate, PDT through Ce6, and the Fenton reaction catalyzed by Mn2+ ions. The production of O2 from MnO2 enhanced Ce6-mediated PDT under near-infrared light irradiation. Meanwhile, MLP@DHA&Ce6 showed prominent glutathione depletion, which allowed ROS to retain high activity in tumor cells. In addition, the release of Mn2+ ions and DHA in tumor cells induced ferroptosis. This multisource ROS generation and ferroptosis effect of MLP@DHA&Ce6 led to enhanced therapeutic effects in vivo.

Application value of cranial ultrasonography in quantitative evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial hemorrhage is a severe cranial disease in the perinatal period. We aimed to explore the feasibility and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography for the quantitative evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. METHODS: A total of 374 neonates with suspected intracranial hemorrhage from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected to be primarily screened by cranial ultrasonography and then diagnosed by cranial CT scan. The examination results were compared to analyze the feasibility and accuracy of 3D ultrasonography in quantifying blood loss. RESULTS: CT scan showed that there were 102 cases of Papile grade I, 106 cases of grade II, 124 cases of grade III and 42 cases of grade IV. 3D ultrasonography showed that there were 108 cases of Papile grade I, 98 cases of grade II, 130 cases of grade III and 38 cases of grade IV. The diagnostic results of these two methods were not significantly different (P>0.05). The accuracies of CT scan for subventricular, intraventricular, subdural, subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhages were 47.33%, 31.24%, 94.62%, 91.73% and 91.35% respectively, and those of 3D ultrasonography were 98.74%, 96.37%, 91.51%, 90.41% and 97.64% respectively. The accuracies of 3D ultrasonography were significantly superior to those of CT scan for subependymal, intraventricular and intraparenchymal hemorrhages (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage can be well diagnosed by cranial ultrasonography which timely provides evidence for clinicians, thereby elevating the cure rate and reducing the mortality rate and incidence rate of sequelae. 3D ultrasonography is feasible and accurate for the quantitative evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, thus being of great significance to prognostic determination in clinical practice.

Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention as antimicrobial agents and have demonstrated efficient inhibitory activity against various viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Tacaribe virus. In this study, we investigated if AgNPs could have antiviral and preventive effects in A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with AgNP-treated H3N2 influenza virus showed better viability (P<0.05 versus influenza virus control) and no obvious cytopathic effects compared with an influenza virus control group and a group treated with the solvent used for preparation of the AgNPs. Hemagglutination assay indicated that AgNPs could significantly inhibit growth of the influenza virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (P<0.01 versus the influenza virus control). AgNPs significantly reduced cell apoptosis induced by H3N2 influenza virus at three different treatment pathways (P<0.05 versus influenza virus control). H3N2 influenza viruses treated with AgNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and found to interact with each other, resulting in destruction of morphologic viral structures in a time-dependent manner in a time range of 30 minutes to 2 hours. In addition, intranasal AgNP administration in mice significantly enhanced survival after infection with the H3N2 influenza virus. Mice treated with AgNPs showed lower lung viral titer levels and minor pathologic lesions in lung tissue, and had a marked survival benefit during secondary intranasal passage in vivo. These results provide evidence that AgNPs have beneficial effects in preventing H3N2 influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate that AgNPs can be used as potential therapeutics for inhibiting outbreaks of influenza.

Inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles against adenovirus type 3 in vitro.

Adenoviruses are associated with respiratory, ocular, or gastrointestinal disease. With various species and high morbidity, adenoviruses are increasingly recognized as significant viral pathogen among pediatric and immunocompromised patients. However, there is almost no specific drug for treatment. Silver nanoparticles are demonstrated to be virucidal against influenza A (H1N1) virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis B virus. Currently, there is no data regarding whether the silver nanoparticles inhibit the adenovirus or not. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on adenovirus type 3 (Ad3). The results revealed that HeLa cells infected with silver nanoparticles treated Ad3 did not show obvious CPE. The viability of HeLa cells infected with silver nanoparticles treated Ad3 was significantly higher than that of cells infected with untreated Ad3. There was a significant difference of fluorescence intensity between the cells infected with silver nanoparticles treated and untreated Ad3. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that silver nanoparticles could directly damage the structure of Ad3 particle. The PCR amplification products of DNA isolated from silver nanoparticles treated Ad3 was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The decreased DNA loads were also confirmed by real-time PCR experiment. The present study indicates silver nanoparticles exhibit remarkably inhibitory effects on Ad3 in vitro, which suggests silver nanoparticles could be a potential antiviral agent for inhibiting Ad3 infection.