Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
1.
Pharm Biol ; 62(1): 436-446, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38755954

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Nine steaming and nine drying is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) processing method and it is widely used for processing tonifying herbs. Modern research reveals that the repeated steaming and drying process varies the composition and clinical efficacy of TCM. OBJECTIVE: This paper analyzes and explores the historical evolution, research progress, development strategies, and problems encountered in the nine steaming and nine drying process so as to provide a reasonable explanation for this method. METHODS: English and Chinese literature from 1986 to 2023 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 (CP), and CNKI (Chinese). Nine steaming and nine drying, processing, TCM and pharmacological activity were used as the key words. RESULTS: Nine steaming and nine drying has undergone thousands of years of clinical practice. Under specific processing conditions of nine steaming and nine drying, the ingredients of the TCM have significant changes, which in turn altered clinical applications. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides sufficient evidence to prove the rationality and scientific value of nine steaming and nine drying and puts forward a development direction for future research.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/história , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/história , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Humanos , Dessecação/métodos , Vapor , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Composição de Medicamentos/história
2.
Plants (Basel) ; 13(2)2024 Jan 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38276756

RESUMO

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and certain prokaryotes, where they serve as vital components of biological membranes and bioactive molecules. Chloroplasts have complex membrane structures that play crucial roles in photosynthesis, but their specific sphingolipidome remains unreported. In this study, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the sphingolipidome of purified Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. We detected 92 chloroplast sphingolipids. The chloroplast sphingolipidome differed from total leaf (TL) samples, with a higher content of free long-chain bases and hydroxyceramides and a greater proportion of complex sphingolipids with 16C fatty acid (FA) forms. Notably, chloroplast glucosylceramides were predominantly the d18:1 h16:0 and t18:1 h16:0 forms rather than the 24C FA form found in TL and other cellular structures. Comparing the sphingolipidomes of different cellular structures underscores the inhomogeneity of the intracellular distribution of sphingolipids. This provides a robust reference for further elucidating the function of sphingolipids in plant cells.

3.
Front Plant Sci ; 13: 824585, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35463421

RESUMO

Ceramide synthases (CSs) produce ceramides from long-chain bases (LCBs). However, how CSs regulate immunity and cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana remains unclear. Here, we decipher the roles of two classes of CS, CSI (LAG1 HOMOLOG 2, LOH2) and CSII (LOH1/3), in these processes. The loh1-2 and loh1-1 loh3-1 mutants were resistant to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola (Psm) DG3 and exhibited programmed cell death (PCD), along with increased LCBs and ceramides, at later stages. In loh1-2, the Psm resistance, PCD, and sphingolipid accumulation were mostly suppressed by inactivation of the lipase-like proteins ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4), and partly suppressed by loss of SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2). The LOH1 inhibitor fumonisin B1 (FB1) triggered EDS1/PAD4-independent LCB accumulation, and EDS1/PAD4-dependent cell death, resistance to Psm, and C16 Cer accumulation. Loss of LOH2 enhances FB1-, and sphinganine-induced PCD, indicating that CSI negatively regulates the signaling triggered by CSII inhibition. Like Cer, LCBs mediate cell death and immunity signaling, partly through the EDS1/PAD4 pathway. Our results show that the two classes of ceramide synthases differentially regulate EDS1/PAD4-dependent PCD and immunity via subtle control of LCBs and Cers in Arabidopsis.

4.
J Exp Bot ; 73(14): 4954-4967, 2022 08 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35436324

RESUMO

Plant sphingolipids are important membrane components and bioactive molecules in development and defense responses. However, the function of sphingolipids in plant defense, especially against herbivores, is not fully understood. Here, we report that Spodoptera exigua feeding affects sphingolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis, resulting in increased levels of sphingoid long-chain bases, ceramides, and hydroxyceramides. Insect-induced ceramide and hydroxyceramide accumulation is dependent on the jasmonate signaling pathway. Loss of the Arabidopsis alkaline ceramidase ACER increases ceramides and decreases long-chain base levels in plants; in this work, we found that loss of ACER enhances plant resistance to S. exigua and improves response to mechanical wounding. Moreover, acer-1 mutants exhibited more severe root-growth inhibition and higher anthocyanin accumulation than wild-type plants in response to methyl jasmonate treatment, indicating that loss of ACER increases sensitivity to jasmonate and that ACER functions in jasmonate-mediated root growth and secondary metabolism. Transcript levels of ACER were also negatively regulated by jasmonates, and this process involves the transcription factor MYC2. Thus, our findings reveal that ACER is involved in mediating jasmonate-related plant growth and defense and that jasmonates function in regulating the expression of ACER.


Assuntos
Acer , Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Ceramidase Alcalina/genética , Ceramidase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Ceramidas/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Herbivoria , Insetos , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Esfingolipídeos/metabolismo
5.
Plant Physiol ; 187(3): 1713-1727, 2021 11 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34618068

RESUMO

Sphingolipids are structural components of the lipid bilayer that acts as signaling molecules in many cellular processes, including cell death. Ceramides, key intermediates in sphingolipid metabolism, are phosphorylated by the ceramide kinase ACCELERATED CELL DEATH5 (ACD5). The loss of ACD5 function leads to ceramide accumulation and spontaneous cell death. Here, we report that the jasmonate (JA) pathway is activated in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) acd5 mutant and that methyl JA treatment accelerates ceramide accumulation and cell death in acd5. Moreover, the double mutants of acd5 with jasmonate resistant1-1 and coronatine insensitive1-2 exhibited delayed cell death, suggesting that the JA pathway is involved in acd5-mediated cell death. Quantitative sphingolipid profiling of plants treated with methyl JA indicated that JAs influence sphingolipid metabolism by increasing the levels of ceramides and hydroxyceramides, but this pathway is dramatically attenuated by mutations affecting JA pathway proteins. Furthermore, we showed that JAs regulate the expression of genes encoding enzymes in ceramide metabolism. Together, our findings show that JAs accelerate cell death in acd5 mutants, possibly by modulating sphingolipid metabolism and increasing ceramide levels.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Morte Celular , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Oxilipinas/farmacologia , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool)/genética , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Esfingolipídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool)/metabolismo
6.
Front Microbiol ; 12: 701041, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34408731

RESUMO

Sphingolipids are a class of membrane lipids that serve as vital structural and signaling bioactive molecules in organisms ranging from yeast to animals. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of sphingolipids as signaling molecules in the development and pathogenicity of microbial pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In particular, sphingolipids play key roles in regulating the delicate balance between microbes and hosts during microbial pathogenesis. Some pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, harness host sphingolipids to promote development and infection, whereas sphingolipids from both the host and pathogen are involved in fungus-host interactions. Moreover, a regulatory role for sphingolipids has been described, but their effects on host physiology and metabolism remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the roles of sphingolipids in pathogenesis and interactions with host factors, including how sphingolipids modify pathogen and host metabolism with a focus on pathogenesis regulators and relevant metabolic enzymes. In addition, we discuss emerging perspectives on targeting sphingolipids that function in host-microbe interactions as new therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases.

7.
Plant Cell Rep ; 39(12): 1705-1717, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32948902

RESUMO

KEY MESSAGE: We identified FLY as a previously uncharacterized RNA-binding-family protein that controls flowering time by positively regulating the expression of FLC clade members. The ability of flowering plants to adjust the timing of the floral transition based on endogenous and environmental signals contributes to their adaptive success. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the MADS-domain protein FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the FLC clade members FLOWERING LOCUS M/MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING1 (FLM/MAF1), MAF2, MAF3, MAF4, and MAF5 form nuclear complexes that repress flowering under noninductive conditions. However, how FLM/MAF genes are regulated requires further study. Using a genetic strategy, we showed that the previously uncharacterized K-homology (KH) domain protein FLOWERING LOCUS Y (FLY) modulates flowering time. The fly-1 knockout mutant and FLY artificial microRNA knockdown line flowered earlier than the wild type under long- and short-day conditions. The knockout fly-1 allele, a SALK T-DNA insertion mutant, contains an ~ 110-kb genomic deletion induced by T-DNA integration. FLC clade members were downregulated in the fly-1 mutants and FLY artificial microRNA knockdown line, whereas the level of the FLC antisense transcript COOLAIR was similar to that of the wild type. Our results identify FLY as a regulator that affects flowering time through upregulation of FLC clade members.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Flores/fisiologia , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Núcleo Celular/genética , Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Regulação para Cima
8.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 821: 49-56, 2018 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29288118

RESUMO

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have an immuno-regulatory effect in addition to lowing-lipids. Accumulated evidence showed that the expressions of T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) on natural killer (NK) cells increased in atherosclerotic patients and animal models. In this study, 14 patients treated with rosuvastatin and 12 patients with atorvastatin for more than 3 months were included and 20 patients without statins treatment as control. Both statins treatment reduced the expressions of Tim-3 on NK cells and their subtypes, natural killer T (NKT) cells and CD3+ T cells, and increased the proportions of NKT cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells, accompanied by the decreased levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and increased ratios of high density lipoprotein to cholesterol. These may contribute to the functions of statins in the treatment of atherosclerosis.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Atorvastatina/farmacologia , Receptor Celular 2 do Vírus da Hepatite A/biossíntese , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Células T Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/farmacologia , Adulto , Idoso , Complexo CD3/imunologia , Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo
9.
Int J Gynecol Cancer ; 26(6): 1143-7, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27177284

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-887-5p could be used as a diagnostic marker for endometrial cancer. METHODS: In the first stage, differentially expressed serum micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in the sera of 50 healthy subjects and 50 patients with endometrial cancer were screened by performing Solexa sequencing. In addition, differential expression of these serum miRNAs in endometrial cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 3 patients with endometrial cancer was examined. Comparison of the differentially expressed miRNAs showed that miR-887-5p was significantly expressed in the sera of patients with endometrial cancer as well as in endometrial cancer tissues. In the second stage, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the levels of miR-887-5p in the sera of 20 patients with endometrial cancer and of 20 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Expression of miR-887-5p was significantly increased in the sera of patients with endometrial cancer (P < 0.05) compared with that in the sera of healthy subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area of miR-887-5 under the ROC curve for endometrial cancer diagnosis was 0.728, specificity was 0.60, sensitivity was 0.95, and 95% confidence interval was 0.563-0.892. Besides, with strict screen, we eliminate the other risk factors of endometrial cancer in our healthy donors and cancer patients. Statistical analysis of data obtained for patients in the 2 stages by using SPSS version 17.0 indicated that menarche age (P = 0.47, P = 0.49), body mass index (P = 0.313, P = 0.749), history of hypertension (P = 0.517, P = 0.058), and diabetes (P = 0.205, P = 0.507) had no correlation with endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION: Serum miR-887-5p levels were significantly increased in patients with endometrial cancer. Therefore, serum miR-887-5p could be used as a potential biomarker for endometrial cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Endométrio/sangue , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , MicroRNAs/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA