An updated review of feline coronavirus: mind the two biotypes.

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) includes two biotypes: feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Although both biotypes can infect cats, their pathogenicities differ. The FIPV biotype is more virulent than the FECV biotype and can cause peritonitis or even death in cats, while most FECV biotypes do not cause lesions. Even pathogenic strains of the FECV biotype can cause only mild enteritis because of their very low virulence. This article reviews recent progress in FCoV research with regard to FCoV etiological characteristics; epidemiology; clinical symptoms and pathological changes; pathogenesis; and current diagnosis, prevention and treatment methods. It is hoped that this review will provide a reference for further research on FCoV and other coronaviruses.

[Risk Assessment and Sources of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils of Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia].

The farmland environment is directly related to the quality and safety of agricultural products. In order to understand the characteristics and main influencing factors of heavy metals in farmland soil in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, sampling and monitoring were conducted for five consecutive years from 2017 to 2021, and the distribution characteristics and correlation of heavy metals were analyzed. The pollution status and potential ecological risks of heavy metals were evaluated, and the main sources of heavy metals in farmland were analyzed. The results showed that the average values of Pb, As, Zn, Ni, Cu, Hg, Cr, and Cd in the soil of the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area were 19.74, 11.67, 66.88, 29.09, 22.55, 0.03, 62.27, and 0.19 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were enriched to some extent compared with the background values of the soil environment in Ningxia. Among them, Hg and Cd had middle- and high-grade ecological risk points; however, none of them exceeded the control value of agricultural land soil pollution risk, and all sampling sites had no high-risk or extremely high-risk levels. The results of source analysis based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) and correlation analysis showed that there were five main sources of heavy metals in farmland soil in the study area: natural sources, mixed sources of industrial and mining activities and the production and life of residents, transportation sources, agricultural production activities sources, and industrial sources, with contribution rates of 26.54%, 25.59%, 22.52%, 15.63%, and 9.72%, respectively. On the whole, the heavy metals in farmland soil in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area did not exceed the standard, and there was no high-level ecological risk. The production environment of the farmland soil was good, but the contribution rate of human activities to soil heavy metals was large.

Mind the feline coronavirus: Comparison with SARS-CoV-2.

Both feline coronavirus (FCoV) and SARS-CoV-2 are coronaviruses that infect cats and humans, respectively. However, cats have been shown to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and FCoV also had been shown to infect human. To elucidate the relationship between FCoV and SARS-CoV-2, we highlight the main characteristics of the genome, the receptor usage, and the correlation of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike proteins in FCoV and SARS-CoV-2. It is demonstrated that FCoV and SARS-CoV-2 are closely related to the main characteristics of the genome, receptor usage, and RBD of spike proteins with similar furin cleavage sites. In particular, the affinity of the conserved feline angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (fACE2) receptor to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, cross-species of coronaviruses between cats and humans or other domesticated animals are also discussed. This review sheds light on cats as potential intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and cross-species transmission or zoonotic infection of FCoV and SARS-CoV-2 between cats and humans was identified.

[Ulna osteotomy and joint capsule release and tight for old Monteggia's fracture in children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experience and effect of surgical treatment in old Monteggia fracture in children. METHODS: From January 2013 to December 2017, 32 cases of old Monteggia's fracture were treated including 18 males and 14 females with an average age of(5.3±1.2) years old ranging from 2 to 9 years old. No symptoms of radial nerve injury were found. The preoperative symptoms of the patients were the pain and deformity of the elbow joint, the flexion and extension and the limited forearm rotation. The X-ray showed the union of the ulna or the "arched sign", the dislocation of the radial head or the subluxation of the head. The posterior incision of the ulna ridge was performed in the operation, and the long oblique osteotomy was performed at the most obvious point of the ulna angle deformity. Then the Boyd incision was used to expose the humeral and radial joint and the upper ulnar radial joint. The scar tissue in the joint was cleaned and the radial head was repositioned. On the premise of maintaining the stability of the elbow joint, the ulna osteotomy was treated with plate and screw internal fixation. RESULTS: All 32 cases were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of 14.8 months, of which 1 case had incision infection. There were no pain symptoms of elbow and wrist in 32 patients after operation, 29 patients with elbow joint flexion and extension (130±5)°/0°, forearm pronation and supination 90°/(85±5)°; 2 patients with elbow flexion and extension(119°/8°, 121°/7°), forearm pronation and supination (90°/75°, 85°/60°); 1 patient with elbow flexion and extension 90°/10°, forearm pronation and supination 80°/60°. According to Mackay criteria, the result was excellent in 29 cases, good in 2 cases, medium in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: Ulna osteotomy, elbow posterior capsular release, anterior capsule contraction is a effective method in the treatment of old Monteggia's fracture in children.