RESUMO
Hydrolysed tannins (HTs) are polyphenols, which are related to the astringency, flavour, colour, stability, medicinal value and other characteristics of many fruits and vegetables. The biosynthetic mechanism of the majority of HTs remains unknown, and many biosynthetic pathways of HTs are speculative conclusions that have not been confirmed. The fruit of Canarium album L. (Chinese olive), which is notable for its pharmacological and edible properties, is rich in HTs. The fruit has a distinctive bitter and astringent taste when initially consumed, which mellows to a sweet sensation upon chewing. HTs serve as the primary material basis for the formation of the Chinese olive fruit's astringent quality and pharmacological effects. In this study, the fruit of C. album Changying was utilised as the research material. The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of Chinese olive fruit and the application and development of its medicinal value. In addition, the study aimed to identify and screen related MYB transcription factors involved in the synthesis of HTs in the fruit and to clarify the mechanism of MYBs in the process of synthesis and regulation of HTs in Chinese olive fruit. The principal findings were as follows. A total of 83 differentially expressed Chinese olive MYB transcription factors (CaMYBs) were identified, including 54 1R-MYBs (MYB-related), 25 2R-MYBs (R2R3-MYBs), 3 3R-MYBs, and 1 4R-MYB. Through trend analysis and correlation analysis, it was found that CaMYBR04 (Isoform0032534) exhibited a significantly higher expression (FPKM) than the other CaMYBs. The full-length cDNA sequence of CaMYBR04 was cloned and transformed into strawberry. The results demonstrated that CaMYBR04 significantly enhanced the fruit's hydrolysable tannin content. Consequently, this study elucidated the function of CaMYBR04, a regulator of the Chinese olive fruit hydrolysable tannin synthesis pathway, and established a theoretical foundation for the synthesis and regulation of fruit HTs.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this study, a rare case with hemophilia pseudotumor in the skull was reported. CASE PRESENTATION: The case was a 34-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital, with the complaint of dizziness for more than 1 month. The physical examination indicated that the patient was conscious, who could give right answers to the questions. Moreover, there was a bulge on the left frontal-temporal parietal bone. The head CT showed abnormal density lesions on the left frontal-temporal parietal bone, with multiple irregular calcifications within the border. Skull MRI showed a large clump-like mixed signal at the top of the left frontal ridge. After admission, the patient was subjected to complete preoperative preparation and surgical treatment. Neurological navigation was used to determine the extent of skull defect before surgery to make a surgical incision. Clotting factor VIII substitution therapy was used for the intraoperative and postoperative treatments. The lesion was completely removed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the skull hemophilia pseudotumor has been rarely seen. According to imaging examination, in combination with family history, the diagnosis can be confirmed. If there is no obvious occupying effect, conservative treatment can be tried. On the contrary, if there is an obvious occupying effect, surgical treatment might be effective, and coagulation factor VIII should be supplemented during the perioperative period.