Staphylectomy in nonbrachycephalic dogs: A retrospective study of 27 cases.

Objective: To report the outcomes and complications associated with staphylectomy in nonbrachycephalic dogs. Animal: Twenty-seven nonbrachycephalic dogs with elongated soft palates and undergoing staphylectomy. Procedure: Retrospective study. Results: Increased upper airway noise (70.4%) and dyspnea (44.4%) were the most common presenting clinical signs. Concurrent upper airway abnormalities found in the study population included laryngeal collapse (25.9%) and laryngeal paralysis (14.8%). The most common staphylectomy technique used in this study was sharp excision (66.7%) with sutured oral and nasal mucosal apposition. The dogs in this study had an overall minor postoperative complication rate of 33.3%, with regurgitation/vomiting (11.1%) and coughing (11.1%) occurring most commonly. No dog required supplemental oxygen therapy or temporary tracheostomy. Conclusion: Staphylectomy was well-tolerated in nonbrachycephalic dogs and was associated with a relatively low rate of complications. Concurrent airway abnormalities were common among nonbrachycephalic dogs with elongated soft palates, similar to brachycephalic dogs. Clinical relevance: Clinicians should be aware that elongated soft palate can occur in nonbrachycephalic dogs, and surgical correction can be achieved with rare major or catastrophic complications.

Staphylectomie chez des chiens non-brachycéphales : une étude rétrospective de 27 cas. Objectif: Rapporter les résultats et les complications associés à la staphylectomie chez des chiens non-brachycéphales. Animal: Vingt-sept chiens non-brachycéphales au palais mou allongé et subissant une staphylectomie. Procédure: Étude rétrospective. Résultats: L'augmentation du bruit des voies respiratoires supérieures (70,4 %) et la dyspnée (44,4 %) étaient les signes cliniques les plus fréquents. Les anomalies concomitantes des voies respiratoires supérieures trouvées dans la population étudiée comprenaient un collapsus laryngé (25,9 %) et une paralysie laryngée (14,8 %). La technique de staphylectomie la plus couramment utilisée dans cette étude était l'exérèse fine (66,7 %) avec apposition suturée des muqueuses buccale et nasale. Les chiens de cette étude présentaient un taux global de complications postopératoires mineures de 33,3 %, les régurgitations/vomissements (11,1 %) et la toux (11,1 %) étant les plus fréquents. Aucun chien n'a eu besoin d'une oxygénothérapie supplémentaire ou d'une trachéotomie temporaire. Conclusion: La staphylectomie a été bien tolérée chez les chiens non-brachycéphales et a été associée à un taux relativement faible de complications. Les anomalies concomitantes des voies respiratoires étaient courantes chez les chiens nonbrachycéphales avec des palais mous allongés, semblables aux chiens brachycéphales. Pertinence clinique: Les cliniciens doivent être conscients qu'un palais mou allongé peut survenir chez les chiens non-brachycéphales et qu'une correction chirurgicale peut être obtenue avec de rares complications majeures ou catastrophiques.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Outcomes and clinical features associated with surgically excised canine salivary gland carcinoma: A multi-institutional, retrospective, Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features, prognostic factors, and outcomes in dogs with surgically treated salivary gland carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Multi-institutional retrospective case series. ANIMALS: Seventy-two client-owned dogs from 16 institutions with surgically excised salivary gland carcinoma. METHODS: Medical records of dogs undergoing sialoadenectomy from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2020 were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, preoperative staging results, preoperative mass evaluation, complications, histopathologic diagnosis, local recurrence, metastatic disease, and survival times. Survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Factors related to survival were individually tested using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The overall median survival time (MST) associated with salivary carcinoma was 1886 days. Local recurrence occurred in 29/69 (42%) dogs with an overall disease-free interval (DFI) of 191 days. Metastatic disease occurred in 22/69 (31.9%) dogs, with an overall DFI of 299 days. Lymph node metastasis was present at the time of surgery in 11/38 (28.9%) dogs in which lymphadenectomy was performed at the time of surgery; these dogs had a shorter DFI at 98 days (P = .03) and MST at 248 days (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The prognosis for dogs with salivary gland carcinoma treated surgically was more favorable than previously reported. Nodal metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for canine salivary gland carcinoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Surgical intervention should be considered for dogs with salivary carcinoma.

Influence of stapler type on in vitro leakage pressures and location of functional end-to-end stapled anastomoses.

The objective of this study was to compare maximal leakage pressures and locations of 2 functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) constructs. Grossly normal jejunum was harvested from 4 large breed dogs. Thirty-two 8-cm segments of bowel were used to construct 16 FEESA. Construct type was divided into 2 groups: traditional FEESA (tFEESA) and modified FEESA (mFEESA). Leakage pressures and locations were recorded and compared for the 2 groups. There was no difference in the leakage pressures of the tFEESA and the mFEESA. However, 1 tFEESA did leak at subphysiologic intestinal peristaltic pressures. Although no difference in maximal leakage pressure was detected between the 2 constructs, mFEESA is an attractive alternative to tFEESA, as it requires less equipment and none of the mFEESA constructs leaked at subphysiologic pressures.

L'objectif de cette étude était de comparer les pressions de fuite maximales et les emplacements de deux assemblages fonctionnels d'anastomose agrafée bout à bout (FEESA). Du jéjunum macroscopiquement normal a été prélevé sur quatre chiens de grande race. Trente-deux segments de 8 cm d'intestin ont été utilisés pour produire 16 FEESA. Le type d'assemblage a été divisé en deux groupes : FEESA traditionnel (tFEESA) et FEESA modifié (mFEESA). Les pressions et emplacements des fuites ont été enregistrés et comparés pour les deux groupes. Il n'y avait aucune différence dans les pressions de fuite du tFEESA et du mFEESA. Cependant, un tFEESA a fui à des pressions péristaltiques intestinales sous-physiologiques. Bien qu'aucune différence de pression de fuite maximale n'ait été détectée entre les deux types d'assemblage, mFEESA est une alternative attrayante à tFEESA, car elle nécessite moins d'équipement et aucun des assemblages mFEESA n'a fui à des pressions sous-physiologiques.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

Ex vivo comparison of different thoracoabdominal stapler sizes for typhlectomy in canine cadavers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of staple size on leakage pressure of typhlectomy sites in canine cadavers. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, experimental cadaveric study. ANIMALS: Twenty-four fresh canine cadavers. METHODS: Ileocecocolic segments were exteriorized following right paracostal laparotomy after euthanasia. Cecal base length and wall thickness were measured. Each cecum was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (TA 30 V3 2.5 mm, TA 60 3.5 mm, and TA 60 4.8 mm). The cecal base was stapled and the cecum was removed. A 10 cm segment including the stapled cecal excision site was tested for initial leak pressure. RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation body weights across the groups were 18.7 ± 6.1 kg, 16.2 ± 7.5 kg, and 14.2 ± 5.5 kg for the TA 30 V3 2.5 mm, TA 60 3.5 mm, and TA 60 4.8 mm groups, respectively (P = .48). There were no differences for mean cecal base length or wall thickness. Mean initial leak pressure (ILP) across groups was 182 ± 111 mmHg (TA 30 V3 2.5 mm), 112 ± 57 mmHg (TA 60 3.5 mm), and 77 ± 60 mmHg (TA 60 4.8 mm) (P = .78). CONCLUSION: Each stapler size that was evaluated resulted in a mean ILP in excess of typical intraluminal pressures under normal circumstances. There were no differences among groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this cadaveric study support the use of any of the stapler sizes evaluated in similarly sized dogs. A prospective study is needed to be able to correlate stapler size and clinical outcome.

Outcomes and prognostic variables associated with central division hepatic lobectomies: 61 dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome and prognostic variables associated with long-term survival and complications in dogs undergoing hepatic lobectomy of the central division. STUDY DESIGN: Multi-institutional retrospective case series. ANIMALS: Sixty-one client-owned dogs with central division masses. METHODS: Medical records of dogs undergoing hepatic lobectomy of the central division from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2015 were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, preoperative staging, preoperative cytology or biopsy results, date of procedure, location of mass, surgical technique, whether cholecystectomy or cholecystopexy was performed, complications, histopathologic diagnosis and margin evaluation, date of local recurrence or detection of metastatic disease, and survival. RESULTS: Hilar resection was associated with increased intraoperative and postoperative complications. Intraoperative complications occurred in 29 dogs, with 20 dogs experiencing intraoperative hemorrhage. Nineteen dogs required transfusions. Immediate postoperative complications occurred in 20 dogs. Perioperative mortality rate was 11%, and 2-week mortality rate was 14.7%. The median survival time for dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was not reached. The 1- and 3-year censored survival rates for dogs with HCC was 82.1% and 82.1%, respectively. Margin status did not impact survival time. CONCLUSION: Hepatic lobectomy of the central division was associated with hemorrhage in approximately 33% of dogs, but there was a relatively low perioperative mortality rate. Hepatic lobectomy for HCC resulted in long-term survival, regardless of margin status. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Surgeons should anticipate the requirement for blood products in dogs that may require hepatic lobectomy of the central division. Long-term survival can be expected after surgical treatment of HCC, regardless of margin status.

Sentinel lymph node mapping of the canine anal sac using lymphoscintigraphy: A pilot study.

Sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy are important parts of oncologic staging in human medicine. Sentinel lymph node mapping enables identification of the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage while avoiding unnecessary lymph node dissection. Anal sac adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the canine perineal area. For dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma, lympadenectomy and metastasis to the iliosacral lymphocentrum are negative prognostics indicators. The objectives of this prospective, two by two, crossover pilot study were to establish the feasibility of lymphoscintigraphy using Technetium-99 sulfur colloid of the canine anal sac of healthy dogs, compare two injection techniques, and the time for identification of sentinel lymph nodes using each technique. We hypothesized that both intramural and perimural injections of the canine anal sac would identify similar sentinel lymph node drainage. The sentinel lymph node was identified in all dogs using either technique. Intramural injection of the canine anal sac showed radiopharmaceutical uptake faster than perimural injection technique (P = 0.040). There was concordance between intramual and perimural techniques for the sentinel lymph node identified in 50% of cases. A sacral lymph node was identified as sentinel in three of eight dogs (37.5%). Lymphoscintigraphy of the canine anal sac is safe and feasible in normal dogs; however, the method of injection technique seems to have a significant effect on the sentinel lymph node identified.