SARS-CoV-2 in children with cancer in Brazil: Results of a multicenter national registry.

BACKGROUND: Strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 in special populations are complex and challenging. Few studies have addressed the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: Multicenter observational cohort study with prospective records and retrospective analyses starting in April 2020 in 21 pediatric oncology centers distributed throughout Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Patients under 18 years of age who are infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (confirmed diagnosis through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) while under treatment at pediatric oncology centers. The variables of interest included clinical symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer treatment and general prognosis were monitored. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-nine patients were included (median age 6 [4-13] years, 58% male). Of these, 55.9% had acute leukemia and 34.1% had solid tumors. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed by RT-PCR. Various laboratory markers were analyzed, but showed no correlation with outcome. Children with low or high BMI for age had lower overall survival (71.4% and 82.6%, respectively) than those with age-appropriate BMI (92.7%) (p = .007). The severity of presentation at diagnosis was significantly associated with outcome (p < .001). Overall mortality in the presence of infection was 12.3% (n = 22). CONCLUSION: In children with cancer and COVID-19, lower BMI was associated with worse prognosis. The mortality in this group of patients (12.3%) was significantly higher than that described in the pediatric population overall (∼1%).

Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Profile of COVID-19 Patients Aged less than 20 years Old in Pernambuco - Brazil.

COVID-19 in children and adolescents has low frequency, severity, and fatality rate all over the world. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in patients younger than 20 years in Pernambuco (Brazil), with cases confirmed by reverse-transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2 between 13 February and June 19, 2020, reported on information systems. Data regarding age (< 30 days, 1-11 months, 1-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years), gender, color/race, symptoms, pregnancy or puerperium, comorbidities, hospitalization, and death were investigated. Fatality rate and mortality coefficient were calculated, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if gender, age, and comorbidities were factors associated with death. Of 682 pediatric cases, 52.8% were female, with a mean age of 9 ± 7.2 years. The most frequent symptoms were fever (64.4%), cough (52.4%), and respiratory distress (32.4%). Hospitalization was reported in 46.2% of cases, mainly among neonates (80.3%) and infants (73.8%). Thirty-eight deaths were notified, and a fatality rate of 5.6% (95% CI: 3.9-7.3) was found, with higher fatality rates among neonates 11.5% (7 of 61) and 9.5% (8 of 84) infants. The mortality coefficient was 10.9 per 100,000 inhabitants < 1 year of age, whereas comorbidities (Odds ratio [OR] = 14.13, 95% CI: 6.35-31.44), age < 30 days (OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.81-14.77), and age 1-11 months (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.21-8.91) were independent factors associated with death. The results demonstrate the vulnerability of neonates and infants with severe conditions, need hospitalization, and high fatality rate, indicating the necessity to adapt public health policies for these age-groups.

Excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes sobreviventes de leucemia linfoide aguda: estudo de coorte / Excessive weight in children and adolescents surviving acute lymphoid leukemia: a cohort study

A leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) é a neoplasia maligna mais comum na infância. A taxa de cura é hoje em torno de 80 por cento e entre os sobreviventes tem sido descrito um aumento de risco de obesidade. Entretanto, não há estudos sobre esse risco em países em desenvolvimento, especialmente naqueles que atravessam um momento de transição nutricional, como o Brasil. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a frequência de excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes sobreviventes de leucemia linfoide aguda. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 101 crianças e 19 adolescentes sobreviventes de leucemia linfoide aguda. Todos esses pacientes foram tratados no Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), entre os anos de 1998 e 2002. O seguimento foi de quatro anos e meio, sendo o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) calculado no momento do diagnóstico, ao final de tratamento e dois anos após o término da terapia. A idade média do diagnóstico foi de 4,6 (2,1) anos nas crianças e de 12,2 (1,9) anos nos adolescentes. O tempo de tratamento foi de 2,6 (1,0) anos. O IMC aumentou de 16,1 (2,3) para 19,1 (3,5) após o tratamento; p<0.001. A frequência de excesso de peso passou de 17/120 (14,2 por cento) para 55/120 (45,8 por cento) após o tratamento; p < 0,001. Não houve variações significativas da frequência de excesso de peso e do IMC, entre o término do tratamento e dois anos após: 55/120 (45,8 por cento) vs 46/120 (38,3 por cento), p = 0,295, e IMC de 19,1 (3,5) vs 19,4 (3,5); p = 0,178. O tratamento da leucemia linfoide aguda aumenta o risco de excesso de peso entre as crianças e adolescentes sobreviventes.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy of childhood. The cure rate is now about 80 percent but an increased risk for obesity has been described among survivors. Even so there are no studies reporting this risk in developing countries especially in countries in which the problem of dietary deficiency is rapidly shifting to one of dietary excess. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of excessive weight in child and teenage survivors of ALL. A retrospective cohort study was carried out of 101 children and 19 adolescents diagnosed and treated for ALL between 1998 and 2002 in the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the time of diagnosis, at the end of therapy and two years later. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.6 (± 2.1) years in children and 12.2 (± 1.9) years in adolescents. The duration of treatment was 2.6 (± 1.0) years. The BMI changed from 16.1 (± 2.3) to 19.1 (± 3.5) after treatment; p<0.001. Among the survivors 17/120 (14.2 percent) were overweight at the time of diagnosis and 55/120 (45.8 percent) after treatment (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the percentage of overweight individuals and BMI between the end of treatment and two years later: 55/120 (45.8 percent) vs. 46/120 (38.3 percent) (p=0.295) and BMI 19.1 (± 3.5) vs. 19.4 (± 3.5) (p=0.178). Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia increases the risk of excessive weight in child and adolescent survivors.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood: clinical and epidemiological characteristics and survival analysis at a single center in Northeast Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients diagnosed at the Pediatric Oncology Unit at the Instituto Materno-Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) over a 9-year period, and also to describe their survival rates and possible associations between the survival rates and the clinical and demographic characteristics analyzed in the study. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by a retrospective review of the charts of all 110 patients admitted to our unit during the period of May 1994 through May 2003. Probability of survival was calculated in accordance with the techniques of Kaplan-Meier, using log rank to evaluate differences between the groups. RESULTS: The average age was 6.1 years. The male/female ratio was 2.4:1. The most frequent histological subtype was Burkitt's lymphoma. The majority of patients had been diagnosed with advanced disease (stage III or IV of Murphy's Classification) and was from rural areas. Family income per capita was lower than 1/2 minimum wage in 36.4% of cases; maternal illiteracy was observed in 12.7% of cases. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 70+/-4% and 68.4+/-4%, respectively. None of the clinical-demographic characteristics had a significant association with the probability of survival (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children admitted to the IMIP seemed to be affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma at a younger age, with a higher incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma and with survival rates similar to those described in the literature of developed countries. No clinical demographic characteristics had a statistically significant association with prognosis

Linfoma não-Hodgkin na infância: características clínico-epidemiológicas e avaliação de sobrevida em um único centro no Nordeste do Brasil / Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood: clinical and epidemiological characteristics and survival analysis at a single center in Northeast Brazil

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de linfoma não-Hodgkin diagnosticados no Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do Instituto Materno-Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira em um período de 9 anos, bem como descrever sobrevida e possíveis associações prognósticas com as variáveis clínico-epidemiológicas estudadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, realizado através da análise dos prontuários de 110 pacientes com linfoma não-Hodgkin admitidos na instituição no período de maio de 1994 a maio de 2003. As sobrevidas global e livre de doença foram analisadas através da técnica de Kaplan-Meier, e o teste de log rank foi utilizado para avaliar diferenças entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 6,1 anos, e a relação masculino-feminino, 2,4:1. O subtipo histológico mais freqüente foi o linfoma de Burkitt. A maioria dos pacientes foi diagnosticada em estádio III e IV da classificação de Murphy e provinha da zona rural. Renda familiar per capita inferior a 1/2 salário mínimo foi observada em 36,4 por cento, e analfabetismo materno, em 12,7 por cento dos casos. A probabilidade de sobrevida global e livre de doença aos 5 anos foi de 70±4 por cento e 68±4 por cento, respectivamente. Nenhuma das variáveis clínico-epidemiológicas analisadas mostrou associação estatística significante com a probabilidade de sobrevida dos pacientes (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Observamos incidência mais elevada do subtipo Burkitt e de crianças acometidas em idade mais jovem quando comparada à descrita em literatura estrangeira. A sobrevida observada aproximou-se dos resultados descritos pelos principais grupos cooperativos de tratamento de câncer infantil. As variáveis clínico-epidemiológicas analisadas não apresentaram associação prognóstica estatística significante.

OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients diagnosed at the Pediatric Oncology Unit at the Instituto Materno-Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) over a 9-year period, and also to describe their survival rates and possible associations between the survival rates and the clinical and demographic characteristics analyzed in the study. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by a retrospective review of the charts of all 110 patients admitted to our unit during the period of May 1994 through May 2003. Probability of survival was calculated in accordance with the techniques of Kaplan-Meier, using log rank to evaluate differences between the groups. RESULTS:The average age was 6.1 years. The male/female ratio was 2.4:1. The most frequent histological subtype was Burkitt's lymphoma. The majority of patients had been diagnosed with advanced disease (stage III or IV of Murphy's Classification) and was from rural areas. Family income per capita was lower than 1/2 minimum wage in 36.4 percent of cases; maternal illiteracy was observed in 12.7 percent of cases. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 70±4 percent and 68.4±4 percent, respectively. None of the clinical-demographic characteristics had a significant association with the probability of survival (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children admitted to the IMIP seemed to be affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma at a younger age, with a higher incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma and with survival rates similar to those described in the literature of developed countries. No clinical demographic characteristics had a statistically significant association with prognosis.