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Broccoli, a cruciferous vegetable, has a unique indeterminate inflorescence structure known as curds. It is the main edible organ of broccoli and has a rich nutritional value and health benefits. However, the formation and development mechanism of the curd is still not well understood. In the present study, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) stage and three different development stages of curd (formation stage (FS), expansion stage (ES), and maturation stage (MS)) were identified and subjected to transcriptome sequencing to uncover the potential genes and regulatory networks involved in curd formation and development. The results indicated that the genes associated with the development of SAM such as BolAP1A, BolAP1C, BolCAL, and BolAGL6 play an important role in the abnormal differentiation of the curd apical buds. The genes, BolFRI, BolbHLH89, BolKAN4, BolAGL12, and BolAGL24, displayed significantly differential expression patterns in curd development may function in the regulation of the transition from inflorescence meristem (IM) to floral meristem (FM). Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicate that phytohormones, such as auxin (AUX), gibberellins (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) also play an important role in SAM proliferation and the transition from SAM to IM. In addition, the genes regulating photosynthetic reaction (BolLHCA1, BolLHCB1, BolPsbO, etc.) have a key involvement in the differentiation of secondary IMs during curd expansion. The genes associated with the metabolism of starch and sucrose (e.g., BolSPS4, BolBAM4) were significantly upregulated at the MS should contribute to the maturation of the curd. These findings provide new insights into the potential key regulatory factors and metabolic pathways involved in the formation and development of broccoli curds.
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A gradual increase in avian influenza outbreaks has been found in recent years. It is highly possible to trigger the next human pandemic due to the characteristics of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in avian influenza virus (AIV). Although great improvements in understanding influenza viruses and the associated diseases have been unraveled, our knowledge of how these viruses impact the gut microbiome of both poultry and humans, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is still improving. The "One Health" approach shows better vitality in monitoring and mitigating the risk of avian influenza, which requires a multi-sectoral effort and highlights the interconnection of human health with environmental sustainability and animal health. Therefore, monitoring the gut microbiome may serve as a sentinel for protecting the common health of the environment, animals, and humans. This review summarizes the interactions between AIV infection and the gut microbiome of poultry and humans and their potential mechanisms. With the presented suggestions, we hope to address the current major challenges in the surveillance and prevention of microbiome-related avian influenza with the "One Health" approach.
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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a prevalent challenge in clinical orthopedics, affecting a significant percentage of individuals aged 50 and above. The goal of this study was to comprehensively understand the relationships between a specialized dietary regimen and the risk of developing osteoporosis. Methods: This study employed extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics derived from the UK Biobank. It encompassed 8 kinds of special diets and 7 datasets pertaining to osteoporosis and associated symptoms. The principal analytical approach employed was the inverse-variance weighted method. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was employed to elucidate the diverse multiplicity patterns observed in the final model. Results: Our results showed that there is significant evidence that a gluten-free diet is associated with osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR): 1.080, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.048-1.112, p = 4.23E-07)]. Furthermore, there exists a suggestive link between the three distinct dietary approaches and osteoporosis [(OR: 0.949, 95%CI: 0.929-0.970, p = 3.00E-06) for comprehensive consumption; (OR: 1.053, 95%CI: 1.018-1.089, p = 2.23E-03) for abstaining from wheat consumption; (OR: 1.036, 95%CI: 1.005-1.068, p = 1.97E-02) for abstaining from sugar consumption]. No additional correlation between the special dietary regimens and osteoporosis has been observed. Conclusion: Our research has uncovered a notable correlation between a gluten-free diet and the occurrence of osteoporosis. Furthermore, it exerts a promoting influence on the onset of osteoporosis, which stands in direct contradiction to the therapeutic principles for Celiac Disease's complications. As such, a novel association among these three elements is postulated.
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Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Osteoporose , Humanos , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Incidência , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dieta Livre de Glúten/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Idoso , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Sleep deprivation and insulin resistance (IR) are two risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. As the population of people with IR increases and sleep restriction (SR) due to staying up late becomes the "new normal", it is necessary to investigate the effects and molecular pathogenesis of chronic SR on cognitive function in insulin resistance. In this study, 4-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish IR model, and then the mice were subjected to SR for 21 days, and related indicators were assessed, including cognitive capacity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, glial cell activation, inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and adiponectin levels, for exploring the potential regulatory mechanisms. Compared with control group, IR mice showed impaired cognitive capacity, meanwhile, SR not only promoted Bax/Bcl2-induced hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis and Nrf2/HO1- induced oxidative stress, but also increased microglia activation and inflammatory factor levels and BBB permeability, thus aggravating the cognitive impairment in IR mice. Consequently, changing bad living habits and ensuring sufficient sleep are important intervention strategies to moderate the aggravation of IR-induced cognitive impairment.
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Barreira Hematoencefálica , Encéfalo , Disfunção Cognitiva , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Inflamação , Resistência à Insulina , Estresse Oxidativo , Privação do Sono , Animais , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Privação do Sono/metabolismo , Privação do Sono/complicações , Privação do Sono/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Camundongos , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Apoptose/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Microglia/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Industrialization has caused a significant global issue with cadmium (Cd) pollution. In this study, Biochar (Bc), generated through initial pyrolysis of rice straw, underwent thorough mixing with magnetized bentonite clay, followed by activation with KOH and subsequent pyrolysis. Consequently, a magnetized bentonite modified rice straw biochar (Fe3O4@B-Bc) was successfully synthesized for effective treatment and remediation of this problem. Fe3O4@B-Bc not only overcomes the challenges associated with the difficult separation of individual bentonite or biochar from water, but also exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) up to 241.52 mg g-1. The characterization of Fe3O4@B-Bc revealed that its surface was rich in C, O and Fe functional groups, which enable efficient adsorption. The quantitative calculation of the contribution to the adsorption mechanism indicates that cation exchange and physical adsorption accounted for 65.87% of the total adsorption capacity. In conclusion, Fe3O4@B-Bc can be considered a low-cost and recyclable green adsorbent, with broad potential for treating cadmium-polluted water.
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Bentonita , Cádmio , Carvão Vegetal , Oryza , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Cádmio/química , Cádmio/análise , Oryza/química , Carvão Vegetal/química , Adsorção , Bentonita/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between long-term exposure to occupational noise and hearing loss has been extensively documented. We aimed to assess spatial and temporal changes in the burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) in 204 countries and territories with varying socio-demographic indexes (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. DESIGN: Temporal and spatial trends in age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDR) for ONIHL were estimated by sex, age, SDI level, country, and geographic region from 1990 to 2019. We used the Joinpoint model to calculate annual average percentage changes to assess such trends and projected trends in ASDR for ONIHL globally and across different income regions from 2020 to 2044 using an age-period-cohort model. We fitted the relationship between ASDR and SDI, ASDR and healthcare access and quality index, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, the global burden of ONIHL has decreased since 1990, especially in middle and lower SDI regions. In 2019, the global ASDR for ONIHL was 84.23 (95% confidence interval: 57.46 to 120.52) per 100,000 population. From 1990 to 2019, the global ASDR for ONIHL decreased by 1.72% (annual average percentage change = -0.05, 95% confidence interval: -0.07 to -0.03). Our projections showed a decreasing trend in the global ONIHL burden until 2044. ASDR and SDI (R = -0.8, p < 0.05), ASDR and healthcare access and quality index (R = -0.75, p < 0.05) showed significant negative correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The global ONIHL burden has decreased over the past three decades, especially in regions with middle and lower SDI levels. However, the global ONIHL burden still remained severe in 2019, notably among males, the middle-aged and elderly, and regions with lower SDI levels.
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From the onset of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there are concerns regarding the disease spread and environmental pollution of biohazard since studies on genetic engineering flourish and numerous genetic materials were used such as the nucleic acid test of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this work, we studied genetic material pollution in an institute during a development cycle of plasmid, one of typical genetic materials, with typical laboratory settings. The pollution source, transmission routes, and pollution levels in laboratory environment were examined. The Real-Time quantitative- Polymerase Chain Reaction results of all environmental mediums (surface, aerosol, and liquid) showed that a targeted DNA segment occurred along with routine experimental operations. Among the 79 surface and air samples collected in the genetic material operation, half of the environment samples (38 of 79) are positive for nucleic acid pollution. Persistent nucleic acid contaminations were observed in all tested laboratories and spread in the public area (hallway). The highest concentration for liquid and surface samples were 1.92 × 108 copies/uL and 5.22 × 107 copies/cm2, respectively. Significant amounts of the targeted gene (with a mean value of 74 copies/L) were detected in the indoor air of laboratories utilizing centrifuge devices, shaking tables, and cell homogenizers. Spills and improper disposal of plasmid products were primary sources of pollution. The importance of establishing designated experimental zones, employing advanced biosafety cabinets, and implementing highly efficient cleaning systems in laboratories with lower biosafety levels is underscored. SYNOPSIS: STATEMENT. Persistent environmental pollutions of genetic materials are introduced by typical experiments in laboratories with low biosafety level.
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Laboratórios , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Plasmídeos/genética , COVID-19/transmissão , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Monitoramento AmbientalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: While mounting evidence suggests a connection between environmental contaminants and sleep problems, it remains uncertain whether exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specifically is associated with such problems. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey program's five survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2018) were used to conduct cross-sectional research. Data on short sleep duration (SSD) and self-reported trouble sleeping were collected from questionnaire data. Data on urine VOCs were gathered from laboratory data. The association between urinary VOCs and sleep problems was examined using weighted generalized linear models and the restricted cubic spline (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS), and quantile-based g-calculation (QGC) methods. RESULTS: In all, a total of 4131 general adult individuals were included in this study. The prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping was 34.11% and 25.03%, respectively. 3,4-MHA, AAMA, AMCC, SBMA, and MA were risk factors for SSD after adjusting several covariates, with the largest effect being AMCC (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.02). Risk factors for sleep issues included AAMA, AMCC, CEMA, CYMA, DGBMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, MA, and PGA, with AMCC having the highest impact with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.22). Both the WQS model and the QGC model showed that the co-exposure to VOCs was positively associated with SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping, with AMCC being the most influential VOC. CONCLUSIONS: According to our research, high levels of single or mixed urine VOCs are linked to a higher prevalence of SSD and self-reported trouble sleeping in the general adult population of the United States. Further prospective and experimental studies are needed in the future to validate these potential relationships and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of the hydrolysates of glucosinolates (GSLs), primarily derived from Brassica vegetables like broccoli. In clinical therapy, SFN has been proven to display antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the antimicrobial effects and mechanism of SFN against plant pathogens need to be further elucidated, which limits its application in agriculture. In this study, the genetic factors involved in SFN biosynthesis in 33 B. oleracea varieties were explored. The finding showed that besides the genetic background of different B. oleracea varieties, myrosinase and ESP genes play important roles in affecting SFN content. Subsequently, the molecular identification cards of these 33 B. oleracea varieties were constructed to rapidly assess their SFN biosynthetic ability. Furthermore, an optimized protocol for SFN extraction using low-cost broccoli curds was established, yielding SFN-enriched extracts (SFN-ee) containing up to 628.44 µg/g DW of SFN. The antimicrobial activity assay confirmed that SFN-ee obtained here remarkably inhibit the proliferation of nine tested microorganisms including four plant pathogens by destroying their membrane integrity. Additionally, the data demonstrated that exogenous application of SFN-ee could also induce ROS accumulation in broccoli leaves. These results indicated that SFN-ee should play a dual role in defense against plant pathogens by directly killing pathogenic cells and activating the ROS signaling pathway. These findings provide new evidence for the antimicrobial effect and mechanism of SFN against plant pathogens, and suggest that SFN-ee can be used as a natural plant antimicrobial agent for crop protection and food preservation.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Brassica , Isotiocianatos , Sulfóxidos , Brassica/metabolismo , Proteção de Cultivos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismoRESUMO
Glucosinolates (GLs) are important precursors of anticancer isothiocyanates in cruciferous plants. However, GLs in aqueous solution have been found to decompose under certain conditions, and the effect of metal ions remains unclear. In this study, high-purity glucoraphanin and glucoraphenin were used to explore the effects of metal ions with thermal treatment. The degree of GLs decomposition was affected by the type and concentration of metal ions, temperature, and duration of heating. Fe3+ (1 mM) was found to cause the decomposition of 78.1 % of glucoraphanin and 94.7 % of glucoraphenin in 12 h at 100 °C, while Cu2+ completely decomposed both GLs. The decomposition products were all the corresponding nitriles, and decomposition dynamic curves were first-order. In addition to accelerating hydrolysis, metal ions may promote the generation of nitriles as catalysts. The exploration of GLs decomposition could help to adopt more effective methods to avoid the formation of toxic compounds.
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BACKGROUND: Grafting is widely used as an important agronomic approach to deal with environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of grafted tomato scions in response to biotic stress and growth regulation has yet to be fully understood. RESULTS: This study investigated the resistance and growth performance of tomato scions grafted onto various rootstocks. A scion from a gray leaf spot-susceptible tomato cultivar was grafted onto tomato, eggplant, and pepper rootstocks, creating three grafting combinations: one self-grafting of tomato/tomato (TT), and two interspecific graftings, namely tomato/eggplant (TE) and tomato/pepper (TP). The study utilized transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses to explore the regulatory mechanisms behind the resistance and growth traits in the interspecific graftings. Results indicated that interspecific grafting significantly enhanced resistance to gray leaf spot and improved fruit quality, though fruit yield was decreased compared to self-grafting. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that, compared to self-grafting, interspecific graftings triggered stronger wounding response and endogenous immune pathways, while restricting genes related to cell cycle pathways, especially in the TP grafting. Methylome data revealed that the TP grafting had more hypermethylated regions at CHG (H = A, C, or T) and CHH sites than the TT grafting. Furthermore, the TP grafting exhibited increased methylation levels in cell cycle related genes, such as DNA primase and ligase, while several genes related to defense kinases showed decreased methylation levels. Notably, several kinase transcripts were also confirmed among the rootstock-specific mobile transcripts. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that interspecific grafting alters gene methylation patterns, thereby activating defense responses and inhibiting the cell cycle in tomato scions. This mechanism is crucial in enhancing resistance to gray leaf spot and reducing growth in grafted tomato scions. These findings offer new insights into the genetic and epigenetic contributions to agronomic trait improvements through interspecific grafting.
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Solanum lycopersicum , Transcriptoma , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Epigenoma , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , FrutasRESUMO
Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule (FXJC), a traditional Chinese medicine that evolved from "Yinqiao Powder", is widely used for the treatment of cold and influenza. However, due to a lack of in vivo metabolism research, the chemical components responsible for the therapeutic effects still remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to describe the metabolic profiles of the FXJC in rat plasma, urine, and feces. A combined data mining strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was employed and 201 xenobiotics, including 117 prototype components and 84 metabolites were detected. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and lignans were prominent ingredients absorbed in vivo, and the major metabolic pathways of the detected metabolites were glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, and oxidation. This is the first systematic study on the metabolism of the FXJC in vivo, providing valuable information for future studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of the FXJC.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Ratos , Animais , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Administração Oral , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/análise , MetabolomaRESUMO
Low temperature conditions have been linked to a heightened susceptibility to lower respiratory infections (LRIs). Yet, our comprehension of the LRIs' disease burden due to such conditions remains limited, especially when considering the diverse socio-demographic indexes (SDIs) and climate types across various nations and regions. We examined the variations over time and space in the impact of LRIs due to low temperatures across a diverse set of 204 nations and regions, each with unique SDIs and climate types, spanning the years 1990 to 2019. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 was used for this retrospective analysis. The burden of LRIs attributable to low temperatures was estimated by stratifying by sex, age, country, climate type, and SDI, including age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR). We employed Joinpoint models to compute the annual average percent changes (AAPCs) in order to evaluate the trends in LRIs burden due to low temperatures from 1990 to 2019. Furthermore, we utilized Poisson age-period-cohort models to forecast the global and income-specific trends in LRIs burden due to low temperatures for the period 2020-2044. Generalized additive mixed models were used to fit changes in the disease burden of different climate regions. The relationship between SDI and both ASMR and ASDR was determined using models grounded in Gaussian process regression. In general, since the year 1990, there has been a significant reduction in the worldwide impact of LRIs due to low temperatures. This decrease is particularly noticeable among infants and the elderly, as well as in regions with a boreal climate and those with an average SDI. In 2019, LRIs induced by low temperatures showed an ASMR of 2.2 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.07) and an ASDR of 53.73 (95% CI: 17.5, 93.22) for every 100,000 individuals. A global reduction was observed in the ASMR and ASDR for LRIs over the period from 1990 to 2019, showing a decrease of 60.27% and 77.5%, in that order. For ASMR and ASDR, the AAPC values were found to be - 3.3 (95% CI: - 3.4, - 3.1) and - 5 (95% CI: - 5.2, - 4.9), in that order. However, a contrasting pattern was observed in southern Latin America, where an increase was noted in the ASMR for LRIs induced by low temperatures [AAPC: 0.5; 95% CI: (0.3, 0.8)]. Low temperature has decreased as an environmental risk factor for LRIs globally over 30 years, especially in middle SDI regions and boreal climates, but remains important for infants and the elderly population.
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Clima , Infecções Respiratórias , Lactente , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Temperatura , Temperatura Baixa , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Saúde Global , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The impact of global warming on health due to climate change is increasingly studied, but the global burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence attributable to high temperature is still limited. This study aimed to systematically assess the burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence attributable to high temperature globally or by region and climate zone from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We obtained the global, regional, and national deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDR) of self-harm and interpersonal violence due to high temperature from 1990 to 2019 through the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. The burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence due to high temperature was estimated by age, sex, climate zone, the socio-demographic index (SDI), and the healthcare access and quality index (HAQ). Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in ASMR and ASDR were calculated for 1990-2019 using the Joinpoint model. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the global deaths and DALYs related to self-harm and interpersonal violence due to high temperature increased from 20,002 (95% UI, 9243 to 41,928) and 1,107,216 (95% UI, 512,062 to 2,319,477) to 26,459 (95% UI, 13,574 to 47,265) and 1,382,487 (95% UI, 722,060 to 2,474,441), respectively. However, the ASMR and ASDR showed varying degrees of decreasing trends, with decreases of 13.36% and 12.66%, respectively. The ASMR was high and declining in low and low-middle SDI regions, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, SDI and HAQ index were negatively correlated with ASMR in 204 countries and regions. CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of self-harm and interpersonal violence attributed to high temperature has decreased over the past 30 years, but the number of deaths and DALYs continues to rise. Climate change continues to make heat stress a significant risk factor for self-harm and interpersonal violence worldwide.
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Carga Global da Doença , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Temperatura , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Mudança Climática , Violência , Saúde Global , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Herein, we reported the isolation of 2π-aromatic disiladiboretenes (L2Si2B2Ph2) [L = ArC(NtBu)2, Ar = Ph (1), Mes (2)], which have been synthesized from the straightforward reduction of silylene-borane adducts (LSiX â BX2Ph) [X = Cl, Br] with potassium graphite (KC8). X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and 2 revealed that the Si2B2 units are completely planar, and DFT calculations suggested delocalization of 2π-electrons over the Si2B2 rings. Moreover, their photophysical properties and reactivity toward sulfur were also investigated in detail.
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This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different skinning seasons on the fur quality and hair follicle development of Rex rabbits. A total of 80,150-day-old Rex rabbits were slaughtered on 15 July 2022 (summer), 15 October 2022 (autumn), 15 January 2023 (winter), and 15 April 2023 (spring) in Shandong Province (10 males and 10 females in each season). The results show that the skin weight, skin area, skin thickness, and hair follicle density of the Rex rabbits (at 150 days of age) were lower in summer than in winter (p < 0.05). Moreover, the coat length was shorter in summer than in spring, autumn, and winter (p < 0.05). The shoulder fat weight, perirenal fat weight, and perigastric fat weight of the Rex rabbits in winter were higher than those in summer (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the leptin levels in serum were higher in winter than in summer in the Rex rabbits (p < 0.05). In terms of serum biochemistry, the glucose levels were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer (p < 0.05). The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in summer had higher values than in winter in the Rex rabbits (p < 0.05). In winter, the expression of the Wnt10b, catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3ß), insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I), Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) genes was higher (p < 0.05), and the expression of the dickkopf-1 (DDK1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFß-1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) genes was lower than in summer (p < 0.05). In summer, the heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70) expression and CTNNB1 protein phosphorylation levels in skin tissue were higher than in spring, autumn, and winter (p < 0.05). In winter, Wnt10b protein expression was higher (p < 0.05), and GSK-3ß protein phosphorylation levels were lower than in spring, autumn, and winter (p < 0.05). These results show that the skinning season can affect the production performance and hair follicle development of Rex rabbits. Compared with other seasons, the quality of skin from rabbits slaughtered in winter is better. Seasons may regulate hair follicle development via the Wnt10b/ß-catenin, TGFß-BMP, IGF1, and EGF signaling pathways in Rex rabbits.
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High-performance catalysts sufficient to significantly reduce the energy barrier of water activation are crucial in facilitating reactions that are restricted by water dissociation. Herein we present a Cu-Co double-atom catalyst (CuCo-DAC), which possesses a uniform and well-defined CuCoN6 (OH) structure, and works together to promote water activation in silane oxidation. The catalyst achieves superior catalytic performance far exceeding that of single-atom catalysts (SACs). Various functional silanes are converted into silanols with up to 98 % yield and 99 % selectivity. Kinetic studies show that the activation energy of silane oxidation by CuCo-DAC is significantly lower than that of Cu single-atom catalyst (Cu-SAC) and Co single-atom catalyst (Co-SAC). Theoretical calculations demonstrate two different reaction pathways where water splitting is the rate-determining step and it is accelerated by CuCo-DAC, whereas H2 formation is key for its single-atom counterpart.
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Sarcopenia, as an increasingly pressing clinical issue, can be ameliorated through employment of traditional Chinese medicines. However, the current lack of specific pharmacological interventions for Sarcopenia necessitates further exploration of novel possibilities in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of this condition, utilizing advanced methodologies such as web pharmacology and data mining. Screening the essential targets of Sarcopenia, conducting matching between target and active molecules, as well as active molecules and herbs. Employing data mining techniques to analyze the screening outcomes, and molecular docking to compare the binding activities of active molecules with target proteins. The approach of using herbs for the treatment of Sarcopenia involves 13 targets, with 414 active compounds and 367 types of herbs. Data mining reveals that the herbs used in treating Sarcopenia are primarily characterized by their bitter taste, exerting their effects through dispelling dampness and promoting blood circulation. Moreover, 2 new formulas are postulated. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis indicates that the main active components of the herbs can be observed to tightly bind with the targets. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, our findings reveal that herbs contain 15 key active components and 5 key targets, which correspond to 7 major herbs and 2 new formulas. Academically, these findings hold significant reference value for the development of novel drugs targeting Sarcopenia.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Farmacologia em Rede , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Sarcopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Mineração de DadosRESUMO
Temperature sensors are widely used in industrial production and scientific research, and accurate temperature measurement is crucial for ensuring the quality and safety of production processes. To improve the accuracy and stability of temperature sensors, this paper proposed using an artificial neural network (ANN) model for calibration and explored the feasibility and effectiveness of using ANNs to calibrate temperature sensors. The experiment collected multiple sets of temperature data from standard temperature sensors in different environments and compared the calibration results of the ANN model, linear regression, and polynomial regression. The experimental results show that calibration using the ANN improved the accuracy of the temperature sensors. Compared with traditional linear regression and polynomial regression, the ANN model produced more accurate calibration. However, overfitting may occur due to a small sample size or a large amount of noise. Therefore, the key to improving calibration using the ANN model is to design reasonable training samples and adjust the model parameters. The results of this study are important for practical applications and provide reliable technical support for industrial production and scientific research.