Epidemiological analysis reveals a surge in inflammatory bowel disease among children and adolescents: A global, regional, and national perspective from 1990 to 2019 - insights from the China study.

Background: The burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among children and adolescents is rising globally, with substantial variation in levels and trends of disease in different countries and regions, while data on the burden and trends were sparse in children and adolescents. We aimed to assess the trends and geographical differences in children and adolescents aged zero to 19 in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years. Methods: Data on IBD among children and adolescents was collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database from 1990 to 2019. We used the GBD data and methodologies to describe the change in the burden of IBD among children and adolescents involving prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality. Results: Globally, the IBD prevalence cases increased between 1990 and 2019. Annual percentage changes (AAPC) = 0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.11-0.19, and incidence cases of IBD increased from 20 897.4 (95% CI = 17 008.6-25 520.2 in 1990 to 25 658.6 (95% CI = 21 268.5-31 075.6) in 2019, representing a 22.78% increase, DALYs cases decreased between 1990 and 2019 (AAPC = -3.02; 95% CI = -3.15 to -2.89), and mortality cases of IBD decreased from 2756.5 (95% CI = 1162.6-4484.9) in 1990 to 1208.0 (95% CI = 802.4-1651.4) in 2019, representing a 56.17% decrease. Decomposition analysis showed that IBD prevalence and incidence increased significantly, and a trend exhibited a decrease in underlying age and population-adjusted IBD DALYs and mortality rates. Correlation analysis showed that countries with high health care quality and access (HAQ) had relatively higher IBD age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), but lower age-standardised DALYs rate (ASDR) and age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR). Conclusions: Global prevalence and incidence rate of IBD among children and adolescents have been increasing from 1990 to 2019, while the DALYs and mortality have been decreasing. Rising prevalence and rising incidence in areas with historically low rates will have crucial health and economic implications.

An acupuncture manipulation classification system based on three-axis attitude sensor and computer vision. / ä¸€ç§åŸºäºŽä¸‰è½´å§¿æ€ä¼ æ„Ÿå™¨å’Œè®¡ç®—æœºè§†è§‰çš„é’ˆåˆºæ‰‹æ³•åˆ†ç±»ç³»ç»Ÿ.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the action characteristics of acupuncture manipulations by combining visual and sensor technique, so as to improve the identification and classification accuracy of acupuncture manipulations and to quantificate the classifiations. METHODS: In this paper, the time domain features of acupuncture physical parameters and dynamic gesture features in the video of acupuncture manipulations are combined together to identify and classify acupuncture techniques. The acupuncture needle manipulation processes of 2 acupuncture experts and 3 young acupuncturists were selected as the study objects. The collected data included 4 basic manipulation techniques：lifting-thrusting reinforcing, lifting- thrusting reducing, twisting reinforcing and twisting reducing methods, all of which were performed by right-handed doctors. During acupuncture manipulation, a three-axis attitude sensor was used to acquire finger moving acceleration velocity and needle-rotating angle velocity, followed by analyzing the parameters of hand-moving velocity, amplitude, strength and angle. The mapping relationship among physical parameters and different manipulating methods was formed in time domain. The computer vision technology was employed to extract the spatio-temporal features of the acupuncture manipulation video images, and a hybrid model of three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) and long- and short-term memory (LSTM) neural network were used for the recognition and classification of dynamic gestures of hand in acupuncture manipulation videos. Then the time-domain features of physical parameters were combined with the dynamic gestures in the classification process, with the manipulation classification realized. RESULTS: In performing the lift-thrusting reinforcing method, the needle insertion speed was faster and the force was larger, while the needle lifting speed was slower and the force was smaller. And in performing the lift-thrusting reducing method, the needle lifting speed was faster, the force was stronger, and the needle insertion speed was slower and the force was smaller. In the performance of twisting reinforcing, the leftward twisting force was bigger and the rotation amplitude was larger, while in performing the reducing method, the rightward twisting force was larger and the rotation amplitude was larger. When using the mean value of time of acceleration, speed, and amplitude as the basis of discrimination, the accuracy rates of lifting-thrusting reinforcing and reducing were 95.56% and 93.33%, while those of the two twisting manipulations were 95.56% and 91.11%, respectively. Compared with the classification method that only uses the sensor to obtain the manipulation information, the recognition accuracy was significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: The acupuncture manipulation classification system can achieve quantitative analysis of physical parameters and dynamic recognition of acupuncture techniques, providing a certain foundation for the quantification and inheritance of acupuncture techniques.

Long noncoding RNA LINC01194 enhances the malignancy of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR-655 to increase SOX18 expression.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have undergone a comprehensive study for their involvements in tumor treatments. The purpose of our study was to explore the biological effects and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA LINC01194 (LINC01194) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The levels of LINC01194 in 105 LSCC patients were detected by RT-qPCR. The diagnostic and prognostic value of LINC01194 in LSCC patients were statistically analyzed. The potential functions of LINC01194 in proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of LSCC cells were evaluated. The interaction among LINC01194, miR-655 and SOX18 was explored by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays and biotinylated RNA pull-down. We found that the expression levels of LINC01194 were highly expressed in LSCC, which was negatively correlated with the clinical outcome of LSCC patients. The area under the ROC curve for LINC01194 was up to 0.8388. Functional assays indicated that LINC01194 knockdown distinctly inhibited LSCC cells proliferation, induced apoptosis, and also attenuated LSCC cells migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, we elucidated that LINC01194 promoted SOX18 expression in LSCC cells via functioning as a molecular sponge for miR-655. Overall, based on our findings, LINC01194 served as a tumor promoter and potentially represents a novel prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in LSCC.

CAMKK2, Regulated by Promoter Methylation, is a Prognostic Marker in Diffuse Gliomas.

AIMS: To explore the expression, methylation pattern, the prognostic value, and the biological consequences of CAMKK2 in gliomas. METHODS: The expression and methylation pattern of CAMKK2 was inferred and validated from mRNA expression profile (N = 866) and methylation profile (N = 426) of glioma tissue samples, and independent samples were used for further validation by IHC and pyrosequencing. To explore the function of CAMKK2 in gliomas, in vitro studies, colony formation assays and migration and invasion assays were performed. RESULTS: We found the upregulation of CAMKK2 in high-grade glioma samples was associated with promoter hypomethylation. An elevated expression of CAMKK2 was associated with worse prognosis. By in vitro assays, we demonstrated that CAMKK2 could promote cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of CAMKK2 could be regulated by promoter methylation. CAMKK2 serves as a prognostic marker in gliomas and could be a potential therapeutic target in gliomas.

The association between pulmonary function impairment and colon inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients: A scientific basis for exterior-interior correlation between lung and large intestine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigated the involvement of pulmonary function impairment in ulcerative colitis (UC), to explore a scientific basis for the Chinese medicine (CM) theory of exterior-interior correlation between Lung (Fei) and Large intestine (Dachang). METHODS: Totally 120 patients with a diagnosis of UC were recruited and the demographics, clinical data, and blood samples were collected. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) concentrations were measured. Every patient accepted pulmonary function test and took chest radiograph (CXR).> RESULTS: Pulmonary function abnormalities were present in 72 of 120 patients. The median (interquartile range) vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) of lung, total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual volume (FRV) were decreased in distal UC and pancolitis compared with ulcerative prochitis (P <0.0005). Male patients had increased VC, FEV1/FVC, and residual volume (RV)/TLC compared with female (P <0.0005), but decreased DLCO and carbon monoxide iffusion capacity (KCO) of lung/alveolar ventilation (P <0.0005). Age was strongly correlated with RV (Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs)=-0.57,P <0.0001), and RV/TLC (rs=0.48,P<0.0001). Age was also correlated with FEV1/FVC (rs=-0.29, P=0.001), forced expiratory flow in 75% vital capacity (FEF75%, rs=-0.20, P=0.03), DLCO (rs=-0.21, P=0.02), TLC (rs=-0.25, P=0.006), and FRV (rs=-0.28, P=0.002). The course of disease was correlated with FEF75% (rs=-0.18, P=0.049) and KCO (rs=-0.19, P=0.036). Chest radiograph abnormalities were presented in 38 of 120. Pulmonary symptoms were presented in 10 of 120. Other extraintestinal complications were presented in 21 of 120. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary function impairment was more frequently than other extraintestinal complications in UC patients, which may be affected by sex, age, extent and course of disease. These results may be a scientific basis for the theory of exterior-interior correlation between Lung and Large intestine.

Disrupted topological organization of resting-state functional brain network in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment.

AIMS: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated both structural and functional abnormalities in widespread brain regions in patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI). However, whether and how these changes alter functional brain network organization remains largely unknown. METHODS: We recruited 21 patients with svMCI and 26 healthy control (HC) subjects who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Graph theory-based network analyses were used to investigate alterations in the topological organization of functional brain networks. RESULTS: Compared with the HC individuals, the patients with svMCI showed disrupted global network topology with significantly increased path length and modularity. Modular structure was also impaired in the svMCI patients with a notable rearrangement of the executive control module, where the parietal regions were split out and grouped as a separate module. The svMCI patients also revealed deficits in the intra- and/or intermodule connectivity of several brain regions. Specifically, the within-module degree was decreased in the middle cingulate gyrus while it was increased in the left anterior insula, medial prefrontal cortex and cuneus. Additionally, increased intermodule connectivity was observed in the inferior and superior parietal gyrus, which was associated with worse cognitive performance in the svMCI patients. CONCLUSION: Together, our results indicate that svMCI patients exhibit dysregulation of the topological organization of functional brain networks, which has important implications for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of svMCI.

[Correlation between pulmonary function impairment and levels of alpha1-antitrypsin in serum and colon of ulcerative colitis patients: a clinical research].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of pulmonary involvement in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients by observing the correlation between pulmonary functions and levels of alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in serum and colon tissue in UC patients. METHODS: Totally 90 patients with confirmed UC were assigned to different groups according to the extent of disease, the disease activity, the staging of severity, and course of disease. The serum level of A1AT in UC patients with different extent of disease, the disease activity, the staging of severity, and course of disease were compared. And 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. The serum renal and hepatic functions, pulmonary functions, and serum levels of A1AT were detected in the UC group and the control group. The correlation between A1AT and each pulmonary function index in UC patients was analyzed. The A1AT content in the colon tissue was detected with immunohistochemical assay in 20 UC patients as well as in 10 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Of the 90 UC patients, 54 patients were accompanied with pulmonary function abnormality (60.0%), and 24 with extraintestinal manifestations (26.7%). Compared with the control group, the serum level of A1AT was significantly lower in the UC group (P < 0.05). The serum level of A1AT was significantly higher in those with proctitis than in those with distal colonitis and pancolitis (P < 0.05). The serum level of A1AT was lower in patients with the course of disease 5 years and more than 5 years than in those with the course of disease less than 5 years (P < 0.05). Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), total lung capacity (TLC), function residual volume (FRV), and the ratio of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of lung (DLCO) were much lower in those with proctitis than in those with distal colonitis and pancolitis (P < 0.05). The ratio of FVC was negatively linear correlated with the course of disease (r = -0.23, P = 0.018). There was a positive correlation between the serum level of A1AT and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (r = 0.22, P = 0.03). The level of A1AT in the colon tissue was obviously lower in the UC patients than in those of the control group (P < 0.05). Mild and moderate UC patients had increased levels of A1AT in the colon tissue, when compared with severe UC patients (P < 0.05). The level of A1AT in the colon tissue was higher in those with proctitis than in those with distal colonitis and pancolitis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pulmonary function impairment was higher than other extraintestinal manifestations in UC patients. The pulmonary function test was helpful to screen the pulmonary impairment of UC patients. The A1AT level in the serum and the colon tissue obviously decreased in UC patients, indicating the pulmonary function impairment of UC patients might manifest as decreased A1AT levels correlated chronic airway inflammation, remodeling of airway, and obstructive changes.