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Objective: To explore the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with AECOPD admitted to the ICU of Xinxiang Central Hospital in Henan Province, China, between March 2020 and September 2023, suspected of having IPA. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected for fungal culture, the galactomannan (GM) test, and mNGS. Based on host factors, clinical features, and microbiological test results, patients were categorized into 62 cases of IPA and 64 cases of non-IPA. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of fungal culture, the serum and BALF GM test, and mNGS detection for IPA in patients with AECOPD. Results: 1. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS in diagnosing IPA were 70.9% and 71.8% respectively, with the sensitivity of mNGS surpassing that of fungal culture (29.0%, P<0.01), serum GM test (35.4%, P<0.01), and BALF GM test (41.9%, P<0.05), albeit with slightly lower specificity compared to fungal culture (90.6%, P >0.05), serum GM test (87.5%, P >0.05), and BALF GM test (85.9%, P >0.05).Combining fungal culture with the GM test and mNGS resulted in a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 92.2%, underscoring a superior diagnostic rate compared to any single detection method. 2.mNGS accurately distinguished strains of the Aspergillus genus. 3.The area under the ROC curves of mNGS was 0.73, indicating good diagnostic performance. 4.The detection duration for mNGS is shorter than that of traditional fungal culture and GM testing. Conclusion: mNGS presents a pragmatic and highly sensitive approach, serving as a valuable complementary tool to conventional microbiological tests (CMT). Our research demonstrated that, compared to fungal culture and GM testing, mNGS exhibits superior diagnostic capability for IPA among patients with AECOPD. Integration of mNGS with established conventional methods holds promise for improving the diagnosis rate of IPA.
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Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva , Metagenômica , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Humanos , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/diagnóstico , Masculino , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Feminino , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Metagenômica/métodos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , China , Mananas/sangue , Galactose/análogos & derivados , Curva ROCRESUMO
This comprehensive review inspects the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) across multiple organ systems. Examining their impact on the integumentary, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and skeletal systems, the study highlights the versatility of MSC-EVs in addressing diverse medical conditions. Key pathways, such as Nrf2/HO-1, consistently emerge as central mediators of their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. From expediting diabetic wound healing to mitigating oxidative stress-induced skin injuries, alleviating acute lung injuries, and even offering solutions for conditions like myocardial infarction and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, MSC-EVs demonstrate promising therapeutic efficacy. Their adaptability to different administration routes and identifying specific factors opens avenues for innovative regenerative strategies. This review positions MSC-EVs as promising candidates for future clinical applications, providing a comprehensive overview of their potential impact on regenerative medicine.
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Background: The morbidity and mortality of sepsis are increasing year by year. Statistically, 40-50% of patients with sepsis have concomitant myocardial injury, and its mortality rate is higher than that of patients with sepsis only. Therefore, it is of great significance to elucidate the mechanism of sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Methods and results: Human monocytes (THP-1) were used to induce M0 macrophages, followed by treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cardiomyocytes (AC16) were co-cultured with the conditioned medium of LPS-induced macrophages to induce injury. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to detect the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA) and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). Protein levels of PPARA, macrophage polarization-related markers, apoptosis-related markers, mitochondria-related proteins, and DUSP1 were analyzed by Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to assess M1/M2 cell rates and apoptosis. Low PPARA expression could serve as a biomarker for patients with sepsis. PPARA overexpression enhanced M2 polarization and suppressed M1 polarization in LPS-induced macrophages, and it could alleviate cardiomyocyte injury in co-cultured system. PPARA bound to the DUSP1 promoter region and facilitated its expression. DUSP1 knockdown reversed the effect of PPARA overexpression on M2 polarization and cardiomyocyte injury. Conclusion: PPARA attenuated cardiomyocyte injury by promoting macrophage M2 polarization through increasing DUSP1 expression, suggesting that PPARA might be a therapy target for sepsis-induced myocardial injury.
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The recent outbreak of mpox epidemic, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), poses a new threat to global public health. Here, we initially assessed the preexisting antibody level to the MPXV B6 protein in vaccinia vaccinees born before the end of the immunization program and then identified two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), hMB621 and hMB668, targeting distinct epitopes on B6, from one vaccinee. Binding assays demonstrate that both MAbs exhibit broad binding abilities to B6 and its orthologs in vaccinia (VACV), variola (VARV) and cowpox viruses (CPXV). Neutralizing assays reveal that the two MAbs showed potent neutralization against VACV. Animal experiments using a BALB/c female mouse model indicate that the two MAbs showed effective protection against VACV via intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, we determined the complex structure of B6 and hMB668, revealing the structural feature of B6 and the epitope of hMB668. Collectively, our study provides two promising antibody candidates for the treatment of orthopoxvirus infections, including mpox.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Epitopos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Camundongos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Monkeypox virus/imunologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/prevenção & controle , Vaccinia virus/imunologia , Orthopoxvirus/imunologia , Mpox/imunologia , Mpox/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Investigations of host-guest interactions at water-oil (w/o) interfaces are limited in single emulsion systems producing simple self-assembled objects with limited uses. Here, within hierarchically ordered water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) multiple emulsion droplets, interfacial self-assembly of (polynorbornene-graft-polystyrene)-block-(polynorbornene-graft-polyethylene glycol) (PNPS-b-PNPEG) bottlebrush block copolymers can be precisely controlled through host-guest interactions. α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) in the aqueous phase can thread onto PEG side chains of the bottlebrush surfactants adsorbed at the w/o interface, leading to dehydration and collapsed chain conformation of the PEG block. Consequently, spherical curvature of the w/o internal droplets increases with the increased asymmetry of the bottlebrush molecules, producing photonic supraballs with precisely tailored structural parameters as well as photonic bandgaps. This work provides a simple but highly effective strategy for precise manipulation of complex emulsion systems applicable in a variety of applications, such as photonic pigments, cosmetic products, pesticides, artificial cells, etc.
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OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to address the challenge of low accuracy in single-modal driver anger recognition by introducing a multimodal driver anger recognition model. The primary objective is to develop a multimodal fusion recognition method for identifying driver anger, focusing on electrocardiographic (ECG) signals and driving behavior signals. METHODS: Emotion-inducing experiments were performed employing a driving simulator to capture both ECG signals and driving behavioral signals from drivers experiencing both angry and calm moods. An analysis of characteristic relationships and feature extraction was conducted on ECG signals and driving behavior signals related to driving anger. Seventeen effective feature indicators for recognizing driving anger were chosen to construct a dataset for driver anger. A binary classification model for recognizing driving anger was developed utilizing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. RESULTS: Multimodal fusion demonstrated significant advantages over single-modal approaches in emotion recognition. The SVM-DS model using decision-level fusion had the highest accuracy of 84.75%. Compared with the driver anger emotion recognition model based on unimodal ECG features, unimodal driving behavior features, and multimodal feature layer fusion, the accuracy increased by 9.10%, 4.15%, and 0.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed multimodal recognition model, incorporating ECG and driving behavior signals, effectively identifies driving anger. The research results provide theoretical and technical support for the establishment of a driver anger system.
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Acidentes de Trânsito , Condução de Veículo , Humanos , Ira , Eletrocardiografia , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Algoritmos , Condução de Veículo/psicologiaRESUMO
Sex differences in opioid use, development of opioid used disorder, and relapse behaviors indicate potential variations in opioid effects between men and women. The locomotor and interoceptive effects of opioids play essential roles in opioid addiction, and uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain crucial for developing effective treatments. In this study, we examined the dose-dependent effects of morphine on locomotor sensitization and the strength and stability of morphine-context associations in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in male and female mice, as well as the relationships between these measures. We observed that while CPP is similar between sexes, the locomotor effects of repeated morphine administration and withdrawal differentially contributed to the strength and stability of morphine-context associations. Specifically, females exhibited higher morphine-induced hyperlocomotion than males regardless of the context in which morphine was experienced. Greater locomotor sensitization to morphine in females than males emerged in a dose-dependent manner only when there was sufficient context information for CPP to be established. Additionally, the relationships between the locomotor effects of morphine and the strength and stability of CPP were different in males and females. In females, positive acute and sensitizing locomotor effects of morphine were correlated with a higher CPP score, while the opposite direction of this relationship was found in males. These results suggest that different aspects of the subjective experience of morphine intoxication and withdrawal are important for morphine abuse-related behaviors and highlight the importance of sex-specific responses in the context of opioid addiction.
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Following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related coronaviruses have been discovered. Previous research has identified a novel lineage of SARS-CoV-2-related CoVs in bats, including RsYN04, which recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thus poses a potential threat to humans. Here, we screened the binding of the RsYN04 receptor-binding domain (RBD) to ACE2 orthologs from 52 animal species and found that the virus showed a narrower ACE2-binding spectrum than SARS-CoV-2. However, the presence of the T484W mutation in the RsYN04 RBD broadened its range. We also evaluated 44 SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting seven epitope communities in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, together with serum obtained from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees, to determine their cross-reaction against RsYN04. Results showed that no antibodies, except for the RBD-6 and RBD-7 classes, bound to the RsYN04 RBD, indicating substantial immune differences from SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the structure of the RsYN04 RBD in complex with cross-reactive antibody S43 in RBD-7 revealed a potently broad epitope for the development of therapeutics and vaccines. Our findings suggest RsYN04 and other viruses belonging to the same clade have the potential to infect several species, including humans, highlighting the necessity for viral surveillance and development of broad anti-coronavirus countermeasures.
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COVID-19 , Quirópteros , Animais , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/veterinária , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , Quirópteros/genética , Anticorpos Antivirais , EpitoposRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The emergence of COVID-19 and the implementation of preventive measures and behavioral changes have led to a significant decrease in the prevalence of other respiratory viruses. However, the manner in which seasonal viruses will reemerge in the absence of COVID-19-related restrictions remains unknown. METHODS: Patients presenting with influenza-like illness in two hospitals in Beijing were subjected to testing for COVID-19, influenza A, and influenza B to determine the causative agent for viral infections. The prevalence of influenza B across China was confirmed using data from the Centers for Disease Control, China (China CDC). Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, imaging results, and mortality data were collected for a cohort of 70 hospitalized patients with confirmed influenza B from 9 hospitals across China. RESULTS: Starting from October 2021, a substantial increase in the number of patients visiting the designated fever clinics in Beijing was observed, with this trend continuing until January 2022. COVID-19 tests conducted on these patients yielded negative results, while the positivity rate for influenza rose from approximately 8% in October 2021 to over 40% by late January 2022. The cases started to decline after this peak. Data from China CDC confirmed that influenza B is a major pathogen during the season. Sequencing of the viral strain revealed the presence of the Victoria-like lineage of the influenza B strain, with minor variations from the Florida/39/2018 strain. Analysis of the hospitalized patients' characteristics indicated that severe cases were relatively more prevalent among younger individuals, with an average age of 40.9 ± 24.1 years. Among the seven patients who succumbed to influenza, the average age was 30 ± 30.1 years. These patients exhibited secondary infections involving either bacterial or fungal pathogens and displayed elevated levels of cell death markers (such as LDH) and coagulation pathway markers (D-dimer). CONCLUSION: Influenza B represents a significant infection threat and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among young patients. To mitigate morbidity and mortality rates, it is imperative to implement appropriate vaccination and other preventive strategies.
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COVID-19 , Influenza Humana , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Teste para COVID-19 , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Expansive soil exhibits remarkable characteristics of water absorption expansion and water loss shrinkage, rendering it susceptible to cracking under the alternating dry-wet environments of nature. The generation and development of cracks in expansive soil can result in catastrophic engineering accidents such as landslides. Vegetation protection is an important approach to stabilizing expansive soil slopes and fulfilling ecological protection requirements. In this study, through indoor experiments and theoretical analysis methods, the effects of Cynodon dactylon roots on the crack development and shear strength of expansive soil subjected to dry-wet cycles were analyzed, and the relationship between the crack development and shear strength decay in root-doped expansive soil was explored. Furthermore, the mechanism of vegetative root system action was elucidated. The results show that the Cynodon dactylon root system exerts a significant inhibitory effect on crack development in expansive soil. The crack indexes of root-doped expansive soil exhibit significant phase characteristics during the process of dry-wet cycles. The crack-blocking and reinforcing effect of the root system becomes pronounced as the root-to-soil mass ratio increases and the root diameter decreased. Moreover, the process of crack development in expansive soil is accompanied by a decrease in soil shear strength. The quantitative relationship between crack development and shear strength decay can serve as a basis for predicting the stability of slope soil. Overall, the results highlight the potential of vegetation-based approaches in protecting slopes with expansive soils and have practical implications for ecological protection and engineering design in areas with expansive soils.
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Cynodon , Solo , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , ÁguaRESUMO
The anterior and posterior subregions of the paraventricular thalamus (aPVT and pPVT, respectively) play unique roles in learned behaviors, from fear conditioning to alcohol/drug intake, potentially through differentially organized projections to limbic brain regions including the nucleus accumbens medial shell (mNAcSh). Here, we found that the aPVT projects broadly to the mNAcSh and that the aPVT-mNAcSh circuit encodes positive valence, such that in vivo manipulations of the circuit modulated both innately programmed and learned behavioral responses to positively and negatively valenced stimuli, particularly in females. Further, the endogenous activity of aPVT presynaptic terminals in the mNAcSh was greater in response to positively than negatively valenced stimuli, and the probability of synaptic glutamate release from aPVT neurons in the mNAcSh was higher in females than males. In contrast, we found that the pPVT-mNAcSh circuit encodes stimulus salience regardless of valence. While pPVT-mNAcSh circuit inhibition suppressed behavioral responses in both sexes, circuit activation increased behavioral responses to stimuli only in males. Our results point to circuit-specific stimulus feature encoding by parallel PVT-mNAcSh circuits that have sex-dependent biases in organization and function.
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Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder leading to cognitive impairment in the elderly, and no effective treatment exists. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that physical therapy and electroacupuncture (EA) effectively improve spatial learning and memory abilities. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the effects of EA on AD pathology is largely unexplored. Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) has previously been shown to improve cognitive impairment in AD, but the mechanism is unclear. According to recent studies, EA drives the vagal-adrenal axis from the hindlimb ST 36 acupoint but not from the abdominal Tianshu (ST 25) to curb severe inflammation in mice. This study examined whether ST 36 acupuncture improves cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice by improving neuroinflammation and its underlying mechanism. Methods: Male 5xFAD mice (aged 3, 6, and 9 months) were used as the AD animal model and were randomly divided into three groups: the AD model group (AD group), the electroacupuncture at ST 36 acupoint group (EA-ST 36 group), and the electroacupuncture at ST 25 acupoint group (EA-ST 25 group). Age-matched wild-type mice were used as the normal control (WT) group. EA (10 Hz, 0.5 mA) was applied to the acupoints on both sides for 15 min, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Motor ability and cognitive ability were assessed by the open field test, the novel object recognition task, and the Morris water maze test. Thioflavin S staining and immunofluorescence were used to mark Aß plaques and microglia. The levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, interleukin (IL)-1ß, and IL-18 in the hippocampus were assayed by Western blotting or qRT-PCR. Results: EA at ST 36, but not ST 25, significantly improved motor function and cognitive ability and reduced both Aß deposition and microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in 5×FAD mice. Conclusion: EA stimulation at ST 36 effectively improved memory impairment in 5×FAD mice by a mechanism that regulated microglia activation and alleviated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammatory response in the hippocampus. This study shows that ST 36 may be a specific acupoint to improve the condition of AD patients.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Insulin resistance is associated with clinical outcomes among patients with ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and clinical outcomes in stroke patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). METHODS: We recruited participants treated with IVT from a prospective registry including 3 stroke centers. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score ≥ 3 points at 90 days after the index stroke. We performed logistic regression models to investigate the association between METS-IR and the risk of poor outcome. We used the receiver operative characteristic to assess the discriminative ability and the restricted cubic spline to explore the relationship between METS-IR and the poor outcome. RESULTS: This study enrolled a total of 1074 patients (median age, 68; 63.8% male). Three hundred sixty (33.5%) patients had poor outcome after IVT. METS-IR was associated with the risk of the poor outcome with the increase of confounding factors in models (odds ratio [OR], 1.078; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.058-1.099; P < 0.001). The area under the curve for METS-IR for predicting the poor outcome was 0.790 (95% CI, 0.761-0.819). The restricted cubic spline revealed an increasing and non-linear association between METS-IR and the poor outcome (P for non-linearity < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study found that METS-IR was associated with an increased risk of poor outcome after IVT. Further studies are warranted to investigate the efficacy of anti-diabetic agents regarding IR on clinical outcomes after IVT.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Resistência à Insulina , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Administração Intravenosa , Modelos Logísticos , Terapia Trombolítica/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising for large-scale long-duration energy storage owing to their inherent safety, decoupled power and energy, high efficiency, and longevity. Membranes constitute an important component that affects mass transport processes in RFBs, including ion transport, redox-species crossover, and the net volumetric transfer of supporting electrolytes. Hydrophilic microporous polymers, such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), are demonstrated as next-generation ion-selective membranes in RFBs. However, the crossover of redox species and water migration through membranes are remaining challenges for battery longevity. Here, a facile strategy is reported for regulating mass transport and enhancing battery cycling stability by employing thin film composite (TFC) membranes prepared from a PIM polymer with optimized selective-layer thickness. Integration of these PIM-based TFC membranes with a variety of redox chemistries allows for the screening of suitable RFB systems that display high compatibility between membrane and redox couples, affording long-life operation with minimal capacity fade. Thickness optimization of TFC membranes further improves cycling performance and significantly restricts water transfer in selected RFB systems.
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Background: The optimal type of anesthesia for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) remains controversial. We aimed to assess the influence of anesthetic management on the outcomes in VBAO patients received endovascular treatment (EVT). Methods: Patients underwent EVT for acute VBAO at 21 stroke centers in China were retrospectively enrolled and compared between the general anesthesia (GA) group and non-GA group. The primary outcome was the favorable outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-3 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included functional independence (90-day mRS score 0-2), and the rate of successful reperfusion. The safety outcomes included all-cause mortality at 90 days, the occurrence of any procedural complication, and the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). In addition, we performed analyses of the outcomes in subgroups that were defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (≤8 or >8). Results: In the propensity score matched cohort, there were no difference in the primary outcome, secondary outcomes and safety outcomes between the two groups. Among patients with a GCS score of 8 or less, the proportion of successful reperfusion was significantly higher in the GA group than the non-GA group (aOR, 3.57, 95% CI 1.06-12.50, p = 0.04). In the inverse probability of treatment weighting-propensity score-adjusted cohort, similar results were found. Conclusions: Patients placed under GA during EVT for VBAO appear to be as effective and safe as non-GA. Furthermore, GA might yield better successful reperfusion for worse presenting GCS score (≤8). Registration: URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000033211.
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Background and Purpose: Hyperglycemia has been associated with unfavorable outcome of acute ischemic stroke, but this association has not been verified in patients with endovascular thrombectomy treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of stress hyperglycemia ratio on early neurological deterioration and favorable outcome after thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Stroke patients with endovascular thrombectomy in two comprehensive centers were enrolled. Early neurological deterioration was defined as ≥4 points increase of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 24 hours after endovascular procedure. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 at 90 days of stroke onset. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the predictors for early neurological deterioration and favorable outcome. Results: Among the 559 enrolled, 74 (13.2%) patients developed early neurological deterioration. The predictors for early neurological deterioration were high stress hyperglycemia ratio at baseline (OR =5.77; 95% CI, 1.878-17.742; P =0.002), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR =4.90; 95% CI, 2.439-9.835; P <0.001) and high NIHSS score after 24 hours (OR =1.11; 95% CI, 1.071-1.151; P <0.001). The predictors for favorable outcome were stress hyperglycemia ratio (OR =0.196, 95% CI, 0.077-0.502; P =0.001), age (OR =0.942, 95% CI, 0.909-0.977; P =0.001), NIHSS score 24 hours after onset (OR =0.757, 95% CI =0.693-0.827; P <0.001), groin puncture to recanalization time (OR =0.987, 95% CI, 0.975-0.998; P =0.025), poor collateral status before treatment (ASITN/SIR grade 0-3, OR =62.017, 95% CI, 25.920-148.382; P <0.001), successful recanalization (mTICI 2b or 3, OR =7.415, 95% CI, 1.942-28.313; P =0.001). Conclusion: High stress hyperglycemia ratio may be related to early neurological deterioration and decreased likelihood of favourable outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Hiperglicemia , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , AVC Isquêmico/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Hiperglicemia/complicaçõesRESUMO
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have great potential for long-duration grid-scale energy storage. Ion-conducting membranes are a crucial component in RFBs, allowing charge-carrying ions to transport while preventing the cross-mixing of redox couples. Commercial Nafion membranes are widely used in RFBs, but their unsatisfactory ionic and molecular selectivity, as well as high costs, limit the performance and the widespread deployment of this technology. To extend the longevity and reduce the cost of RFB systems, inexpensive ion-selective membranes that concurrently deliver low ionic resistance and high selectivity toward redox-active species are highly desired. Here, high-performance RFB membranes are fabricated from blends of carboxylate- and amidoxime-functionalized polymers of intrinsic microporosity, which exploit the beneficial properties of both polymers. The enthalpy-driven formation of cohesive interchain interactions, including hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, facilitates the microscopic miscibility of the blends, while ionizable functional groups within the sub-nanometer pores allow optimization of membrane ion-transport functions. The resulting microporous membranes demonstrate fast cation conduction with low crossover of redox-active molecular species, enabling improved power ratings and reduced capacity fade in aqueous RFBs using anthraquinone and ferrocyanide as redox couples.
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Objective: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is, to date, the most promising treatment of vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO). The study aimed to determine the influence of perioperative glucose levels on clinical outcomes in patients with acute VBAO treated with EVT. Methods: We retrospectively collected consecutive VBAO patients received EVT in 21 stroke centers in China. The associations between perioperative glycemic indicators (including fasting blood glucose[FBG], admission hyperglycemia, stress hyperglycemia ratio [SHR] and short-term glycemic variability [GV]) and various clinical outcomes were analyzed in all patients and subgroups stratified by diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: A total of 569 patients were enrolled. Admission hyperglycemia significantly correlated with increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (odds ratio [OR] 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-7.46), poor functional outcomes at 90 days (OR 1.91, 95%CI: 1.15-3.18) and 1 year (OR 1.96, 95%CI: 1.20-3.22). Similar significant correlations exist between FBG, SHR, GV and all the adverse outcomes except higher levels GV was not associated with increased risk of sICH (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97-1.12). Subgroup analyses showed that admission hyperglycemia, FBG and SHR were significantly associated with adverse outcomes in non-diabetic patients, but not in DM patients. While, GV was associated with poor functional outcomes regardless of diabetes history. Conclusions: Admission hyperglycemia, FBG, SHR and short-term GV in VBAO patients treated with EVT were associated with adverse outcomes. The results suggested that comprehensive evaluation and appropriate management of perioperative glucose might be important for patients with VBAO and treatment with EVT.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Hiperglicemia , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Glicemia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Hemorragias Intracranianas/etiologia , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , ArtériasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neuronal injury induced in young rats by cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) is known to differ substantially from that in adult rats. In the present study, we investigated the specific differences in neuronal injury induced by focal CIR between young and adult rats. RESULTS: 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining revealed a gradual increase in the infarct volume of both young and adult rats in accordance with I/R times and was significantly lower in young rats than in adult rats under the same conditions. The number of cells in the cortex showing immunoreactivity for neuronal nuclei (NeuN) gradually decreased in both young and adult rats in accordance with I/R times; these numbers were significantly higher in young rats than in adult rats under the same conditions. Similarly, as the duration of I/R increased, the degree of glial activation in the cortex penumbra region became more severe in both young and adult groups; however, glial activation was significantly lower in the cortex penumbra region of young rats when compared with that in adult rats. In addition, the expression of Beclin-1 was significantly higher in the infarct penumbra of young rats than adult rats and was more frequently co-expressed with neurons. The levels of autophagy-related proteins increased significantly in the penumbra region after I/R in both young and adult groups, this increase was more pronounced in young rats than in adult rats. Following CIR, analysis revealed significantly lower levels of pro-apoptosis-related factors and significantly higher levels of anti-apoptosis-related proteins in the young rats than in adult rats. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the present results suggest that the the reduced levels of neuronal death after CIR in young rats were closely related to enhanced levels of autophagy and reduced levels of pro-apoptosis in neurons.