Mucin phenotype and microvessels in early gastic cancer: Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging.

Backgrounds: In order to detect early gastric cancer (EGC), this research sought to assess the diagnostic utility of magnifying endoscopy (ME) as well as the significance of mucin phenotype and microvessel features. Methods: 402 individuals with an EGC diagnosis underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at the Department of ME between 2012 and 2020. After adjusting for image distortion, high-magnification endoscopic pictures were taken and examined to find microvessels in the area of interest. The microvessel density was measured as counts per square millimeter (counts/mm2) after segmentation, and the vascular bed's size was computed as a percentage of the area of interest. To identify certain properties of the microvessels, such as end-points, crossing points, branching sites, and connection points, further processing was done using skeletonized pixels. Results: According to the research, undifferentiated tumors often lacked the MS pattern and showed an oval and tubular microsurface (MS) pattern, but differentiated EGC tumors usually lacked the MS pattern and presented a corkscrew MV pattern. Submucosal invasion was shown to be more strongly associated with the destructive MS pattern in differentiated tumors as opposed to undifferentiated tumors. While lesions with a corkscrew MV pattern and an antrum or body MS pattern revealed greater MUC5AC expression, lesions with a loop MV pattern indicated higher MUC2 expression. Furthermore, CD10 expression was higher in lesions with a papillary pattern and an antrum or body MS pattern. Conclusion: These results imply that evaluating mucin phenotype and microvessel features in conjunction with magnifying endoscopy (ME) may be a useful diagnostic strategy for early gastric cancer (EGC) detection. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to confirm these findings and identify the best course of action for EGC diagnosis.

Prognostic Value of the Leuko-Glycemic Index in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with or without Diabetes.

Purpose: The leuko-glycaemic index (LGI) is an index that combines white blood cell count and blood glucose and could be a marker of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The prognostic value of the LGI in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the LGI for short- and long-term prognosis in AMI patients with different diabetic status. Patients and Methods: This was an observational, multicenter study involving 1256 AMI patients admitted in 11 hospitals between March 2014 and June 2019 in Chengdu. White blood cell count and blood glucose were measured on admission. The LGI was calculated by multiplying both values and dividing them by a thousand. Logistic regression was used to explore the predictive value of LGI in in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of the LGI to predict in-hospital mortality. The patients were classified into diabetic and non-diabetic groups and further divided into higher and lower LGI subgroups according to the optimal cut-off values. The endpoints were all-cause mortality during the hospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) during follow-up, including all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, vessel revascularization and non-fatal stroke. Results: LGI was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality during the hospitalization in non-diabetics, but not in diabetics. The optimal cut-off values of diabetics and non-diabetics were 3593 mg/dl. mm3 and 1402 mg/dl. mm3, respectively. Whether diabetics or not, in-hospital mortality was higher in the higher LGI subgroup (p-value < 0.001). And in the follow-up of 15 months (9 months, 22 months), we observed 99 (8.6%), 6 (0.5%), 54 (4.7%) and 29 (2.5%) cases of death, non-fatal MI, revascularization and non-fatal stroke, respectively. The cumulative incidence of MACCE during follow-up was higher in the higher LGI subgroup, both in the diabetics and non-diabetics (p-value < 0.05). In non-diabetics, higher LGI was an independent predictor of MACCE. Conclusion: LGI was an independent predictor for short- and long-term prognosis in AMI patients without diabetes, but had no prognostic value for short- and long-term prognosis of AMI patients with diabetes.

Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels as an independent predictor of long-term recurrent events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: an observational, retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Whether lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is associated with recurrent cardiovascular events (RCVEs) still remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Lp(a) for long-term RCVEs and each component of it in people with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: This multicenter, observational and retrospective study enrolled 765 ACS patients at 11 hospitals in Chengdu from January 2014 to June 2019. Patients were assigned to low-Lp(a) group [Lp(a) < 30 mg/dl] and high-Lp(a) group [Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dl]. The primary and secondary endpoints were defined as RCVEs and their elements, including all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke and unplanned revascularization. RESULTS: Over a median 17-month follow-up, 113 (14.8%) patients presented with RCVEs were reported, among which we observed 57 (7.5%) all-cause deaths, 22 (2.9%) cases of nonfatal stroke, 13 (1.7%) cases of nonfatal MI and 33 (4.3%) cases of unplanned revascularization. The incidences of RCVEs and revascularization in the high-Lp(a) group were significantly higher than those in the low-Lp(a) group ( P < 0.05), whereas rates of all-cause death, nonfatal stroke and nonfatal MI were not statistically different ( P > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis also revealed the same trend. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that 1-SD increase of Lp(a) was independently associated with both the primary endpoint event [hazard ratio (HR), 1.285 per 1-SD; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.112-1.484; P < 0.001] and revascularization (HR, 1.588 per 1-SD; 95% CI, 1.305-1.932; P < 0.001), but not with the other secondary events. CONCLUSION: Increased Lp(a) is an independent predictor of RCVEs and unplanned revascularization in patients with ACS.

Clinical use of real-time remote programming in pacemakers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case report.

We report a case in which real-time remote interrogation and reprogramming of the parameters of a dual-chamber pacemaker was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The described case demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of CIED remote programming based on the 5G cloud technology support platform (5G-CTP), and showed that the application of real-time remote programming would help in reducing the risk of cross-infection between doctors and patients.

Standard Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Younger Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs) and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) aged 50 years or younger. STUDY DESIGN: An observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Eleven general hospitals in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, from January 2017 to June 2019. METHODOLOGY: Patients with ACS were stratified into younger group (≤50 years) and older group (>50 years). The baseline characteristics and prognosis were compared for two groups. Survival analysis was used to assess the long-term prognosis. RESULTS: Among a total of 1982 ACS patients, 322 (16.2%) were of ≤50 years. Compared with older patients, younger patients were more likely to have at least one SMuRFs (90.0% vs. 84.3%, p=0.013). The younger group had a higher prevalence of smoking (62.8% vs. 34.1%, p <0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (36.2% vs. 23.4%, p <0.001) compared with the older group. Younger male patients were more likely to have at least one SMuRFs than younger female patients (91.6% vs. 74.1%, p = 0.011). After the follow-up of 15 (10, 22) months, the cumulative rates of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) of the younger patients were significantly lower than those in the older patients [hazard ratio (HR): 0.2661, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1932 - 0.3665, p <0.001]. CONCLUSION: Younger patients with ACS were more likely to have at least one SMuRFs; and were likely to have a better prognosis than older patients. Key Words: Coronary artery disease, Acute coronary syndrome, Middle aged, Risk factors, Prognosis.

SPOCK1 promotes the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by regulating the NF-κB pathway and inducing EMT.

Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) has been shown to promote various tumors, but its role in colon cancer (CRC) has not been clearly illuminated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SPOCK1 interference on the proliferation, migration, and EMT of CRC cells. First, we analyzed the expression of SPOCK1 in various CRC datasets. Then, we investigated the correlation between SPOCK1 and prognosis in CRC patients. We overexpressed SPOCK1 and knocked down SPOCK1 expression in HCT-116 and SW480 cells, respectively. Then, cell proliferation was assayed with a CCK-8 assay, and cell migration was evaluated with a Transwell migration assay. NF-κB and EMT-related proteins were studied by western blotting. The results indicated that the mRNA levels of SPOCK1 were relatively high in CRC tissues and that high expression of SPOCK1 was negatively correlated with patient prognosis. With SPOCK1 overexpression in HCT-116 cells, cell proliferation and migration were increased, while SPOCK1 knockdown had the opposite effects. With SPOCK1 overexpression in HCT-116 cells, the expression levels of NF-κB and EMT-related proteins were elevated, while SPOCK1 knockdown produced the opposite results. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that SPOCK1 may activate the NF-κB/Snail signaling cascade to promote the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. SPOCK1 may serve as a new prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target in CRC.

Delay optimization of multipoint pacing increases the cardiac index and narrows the QRS width.

INTRODUCTION: The benefits of MPP delay optimization on hemodynamics and ventricular contraction synchronicity can be quantified with cardiac index (CI) and QRS width. A delay with the maximum CI and minimum QRS width may be the optimized settings for multipoint pacing (MPP). METHODS: Twelve patients with advanced heart failure who received cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillation with MPP at the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from March 2016 to April 2019 were included. Interventricular and intraventricular delays were optimized through noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and a 12 lead ECG. RESULTS: According to CI, the optimized left ventricular- left ventricular - right ventricular delay setting was mainly 25 ms-25 ms and 40 ms-40 ms. And the delay with the minimum QRS width was mainly in 5 ms-5 ms, 25 ms-25 ms, and 40 ms-25 ms. The optimal MPP configuration increased CI compared to the MPP setting that produced the minimum CI (4.5 ± 1.3 vs. 2.8 ± 1.0 L/min/m2, P < 0.001). The QRS width of the optimized MPP was narrower than the MPP setting that produced the maximum QRS width (127 ± 20 vs. 160 ± 29 ms, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Delay optimization improves hemodynamic response and ventricular contraction synchronicity. The delay of 25 ms-25 ms may be the optimal setting for most MPP patients.

Kidney Function and Cognitive Impairment in People Aged 80 Years and Over with Untreated Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both kidney dysfunction and cognitive impairment are common problems in hypertensive patients. However, few studies have explored the association between these conditions in hypertensive patients aged 80 or over. The current study was undertaken to determine the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on cognitive impairment among an 80-year-old population with untreated hypertension in China. METHODS: A total of 395 hypertensive patients aged 80 or over were assessed for the presence of cognitive impairment according to the 30-item Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive impairment was defined as a score below 24 on MMSE. eGFR was evaluated using the Chinese Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD was defined according to categorical approach, which is based on "YES" (eGFR below 60 ml/min) or "NO" (eGFR above 60 ml/min). RESULTS: The mean (SD) age was 83.0 ± 2.6 years for the sample, of whom 69.8% were female. There were 59 (14.9%) and 280 (71.1%) prevalent cases of CKD and cognitive impairment, respectively. CKD patients were older, had higher scores on Activity of Daily Living (ADL), and lower score on MMSE. After controlling for potential confounding, multiple logistic regressions demonstrated that both CKD and eGFR were associated with cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients aged 80 or over. CONCLUSION: Our study found that both CKD and eGFR were associated with cognitive impairment among hypertensive patients aged 80 or over in China. Therefore, targeted screening for cognitive impairment should be considered in these patients with CKD.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with dermatomyositis without clinically evident cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) without clinically evident cardiovascular (CV) disease and to estimate whether there is an association between the duration of DM and LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). METHODS: The study included 51 patients with DM (43 women and 8 men) who had no clinically evident CV disease and 51 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Echocardiographic and Doppler studies were conducted in all patients and controls. Early diastolic flow velocity/mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/Em) was considered a marker for diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS: E/Em was elevated in 39 patients (76.5%) versus 27 controls (52.9%; p < 0.05). There were significant differences between patients versus control group in late diastolic flow velocity (A), E/A ratio, Em, Em/Am (mitral annular late diastolic velocity) ratio, E/Em ratio, and deceleration time (DT; p < 0.05). There was a weak correlation with disease duration between A (r = 0.373, p = 0.007), E/A ratio (r = -0.467, p = 0.001), Em (r = -0.474, p < 0.001), Em/Am ratio (r = -0.476, p < 0.001), E/Em ratio (r = 0.320, p = 0.022), and DT (r = 0.474, p < 0.001). Disease duration was associated with E/Em after controlling for age, sex, and other factors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms a high frequency of LVDD in DM patients without evident CV disease. The association between transmitral flow alteration and disease duration may suggest a subclinical myocardial involvement with disease progression.

[Safety and efficiency of pacing at right ventricular outflow versus at ventricular cardiac apex].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficiency of pacing at right ventricular outflow versus right ventricular apex. METHOD: Patients were divided into two groups: pacing at ventricular cardiac apex (common pacing group, n = 22) and pacing at right ventricular outflow tract (uncommon pacing group, n = 18). RESULTS: Impedance and amplitude of R-wave were similar during implantation between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The pacing threshold and electric current were significant higher in uncommon group than those in common pacing group (all P < 0.05), however, these differences disappeared at 1 month post pacemaker implantation (all P > 0.05). The mean QRS duration tended to be shorter in uncommon pacing group compared to that in common pacing group (P > 0.05). There was no pacemaker associated adverse effect in both groups. CONCLUSION: The safety and efficiency of pacing at right ventricular outflow was similar as those of pacing at right ventricular apex.

[Report on initiating clinical research for electrical and mechanical synchronism of selective region pacing in the right ventricular].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the electric synchronism, mechanic synchronism and hemodynamics of selective site pacing. METHODS: Pacing in the right ventricular cardiac apex (RVA), the right ventricular His bundle region (His), and the septum of right ventricular high-positioned outflow tract (RVOT), CO and CI were recorded. The electrical synchronism was assessed by observing the width and shape in a 12-lead surface ECG. The mechanical synchronism was estimated by using the VVI (vector velocity imaging) technology of the Acuson Sequia 512. RESULTS: The results showed that CO and CI were lower while pacing in RVA, but they were not significant different (P>0.05). The QRS width: (124 +/- 5.3) ms while pacing in His, (144 +/- 7.1) ms while pacing in RVOT and (156 +/- 8.6) ms while pacing in RVA. The QRS width while pacing in His and in RVOT were narrower than in RVA and there were significant differences (P<0.01). Vector velocity imaging showed that mechanical synchronism was better while pacing in RVOT than that in RVA. CONCLUSION: Pacing in RVOT seems better than pacing in traditional RVA, and the operation was no more difficult than the traditional operation.