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Nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions (NIVLs) are significant causes of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in the left lower limb and symptom recurrence following left lower limb varicose vein treatment. The goal of this study was to explore the haemodynamic and morphological characteristics of iliac veins in patients with NIVLs. Pressure at the caudal end of the stenotic left common iliac vein (LCIV) segment, local blood flow velocity, and time-averaged wall shear stress in the stenotic segment exhibited positive correlations with the clinical CVI classification (R = 0.92, p < 0.001; R = 0.94, p < 0.001; R = 0.87, p < 0.001), while the relative retention time showed a negative correlation (R = -0.94, p < 0.001). The pressure difference (∆P) between the two ends of the stenotic segment and the velocity difference (∆V) between the stenotic segment and the caudal end were positively correlated with the clinical classification (R = 0.92, p < 0.001; R = 0.9, p < 0.001). The cross-sectional area stenosis rate and length of the stenotic LCIV segment were positively correlated with the clinical classification (R = 0.93, p < 0.001; R = 0.63, p < 0.001). The results suggest that haemodynamic assessment of the iliac vein could effectively portray blood flow disturbances in stenotic segments of the LCIV, potentially reflecting the degree of iliac vein stenosis. Haemodynamic indicators are correlated with the severity of clinical CVI symptoms.
Assuntos
Hemodinâmica , Veia Ilíaca , Insuficiência Venosa , Humanos , Veia Ilíaca/fisiopatologia , Veia Ilíaca/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Venosa/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Venosa/patologia , Idoso , Adulto , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Constrição PatológicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and feasibility of renal artery coil embolization for establishing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten male adult New Zealand rabbits underwent renal artery coil embolization. Initially, the main renal artery on 1 side was completely embolized, followed by embolization of approximately two-thirds of the primary branches of the contralateral renal artery 1 week later. Four rabbits were randomly chosen for sacrifice at 4 weeks after embolization, whereas the remaining 6 were sacrificed at 8 weeks after embolization. The assessment encompassed the animals' general condition, angiography, biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers, and histopathological examination of the kidneys and hearts. RESULTS: Four weeks after embolization, serum creatinine level showed a substantial increase (2.4 mg/dL [SD ± 0.6]; P = .009 vs baseline), with a subsequent 4.12-fold elevation at 8 weeks after embolization (4.9 mg/dL [SD ± 1.4]; P < .001 vs baseline). Additionally, considerable increases in serum blood urea nitrogen, calcium, and potassium ions were observed at 8 weeks after embolization (58.3 mg/dL [SD ± 19.0]; P < .001 vs baseline; 23.1 mg/dL [SD ± 4.4]; P < .001 vs baseline; and 6.3 mEq/L [SD ± 0.7]; P < .001 vs baseline, respectively). The completely embolized kidney exhibited notable atrophy, severe fibrosis, and cortical calcification, whereas the contralateral partially embolized kidney displayed compensatory hypertrophy, along with glomerulosclerosis, tubular dilation, tubular casts, and interstitial fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Renal artery coil embolization proved to be effective and safe for establishing a CKD model in rabbits.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Embolização Terapêutica , Estudos de Viabilidade , Rim , Artéria Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Animais , Coelhos , Masculino , Artéria Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Fatores de Tempo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Creatinina/sangueRESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Young children are at high risk of TB following Mtb exposure, and this vulnerability is secondary to insufficient host immunity during early life. Our primary objective was to compare CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell production of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in response to six mycobacterial antigens and superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) between Ugandan adults with confirmed TB (n = 41) and young Ugandan children with confirmed (n = 12) and unconfirmed TB (n = 41), as well as non-TB lower respiratory tract infection (n = 39). Flow cytometry was utilized to identify and quantify CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell cytokine production in response to each mycobacterial antigen and SEB. We found that the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell production of cytokines in response to SEB was reduced in all pediatric cohorts when compared to adults. However, T-cell responses to Mtb-specific antigens ESAT6 and CFP10 were equivalent between children and adults with confirmed TB. In contrast, cytokine production in response to ESAT6 and CFP10 was limited in children with unconfirmed TB and absent in children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Of the five additional mycobacterial antigens tested, PE3 and PPE15 were broadly recognized regardless of TB disease classification and age. Children with confirmed TB exhibited robust proinflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to Mtb-specific antigens prior to the initiation of TB treatment. Our findings suggest that adaptive proinflammatory immune responses to Mtb, characterized by T-cell production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha, are not impaired during early life.
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BACKGROUND: A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is widely placed to treat portal hypertension. Because the Viatorr® stent (W. L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, United States) is not available in all hospitals in China, the bare metal stent (BMS)/stent-graft combination technique is still popular for TIPS construction. Stent fracture is a complication after TIPS placement using this technique, with limited available literature focusing on it. AIM: To assess the incidence of stent fracture after TIPS placement using the BMS/ stent-graft combination technique and to identify the risk factors for stent fracture. We proposed technique modifications to improve the clinical results of TIPS placement with the BMS/stent-graft combination technique. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the computed tomography (CT) data of all patients with portal hypertension who underwent the TIPS procedure between June 2011 and December 2021 in a single center. Patients implanted with the BMS/stent graft and had follow-up imaging data available were included. We identified patients with stent fracture and analyzed their characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the potential predictors of stent fracture. RESULTS: Of the 68 included patients, stent fracture occurred in seven (10.3%) patients. Based on CT images, the stent fractures were categorized into three types. Our study consisted of four (57.1%) type I fractures, one (14.3%) type II fracture, one (14.3%) type IIIa fracture, and one (14.3%) type IIIb fracture. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable logistic regression revealed that the risk factors for stent fracture were the implantation of a greater number of stents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 22.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-415.4, P = 0.038] and a larger proximal sagittal stent bending angle (aOR = 1.1, 95%CI: 1.0-1.3, P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: Stent fracture occurred in approximately 10% of patients with portal hypertension who underwent TIPS with the BMS/stent-graft combination technique. The number of implanted stents and stent bending angle at the inferior vena cava end were predictors of stent fracture, which suggests that the incidence of stent fracture could potentially be reduced by procedural modifications.
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The Characterization and anticancer effects of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from DHA-producing microalga Crypthecodinium sp. SUN were studied in the present research. Results showed that EPS from C. sp. SUN have a molecular weight of 1.118 × 106 g/mol. EPS significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of LA795 lung adenocarcinoma cells, and the apoptosis rate decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, reached 52 % at 15 mg/mL. C. sp. SUN EPS also significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by over 50 %, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 76 %, and catalase (CAT) activity by 34 % at 10 mg/mL, indicating that EPS may inhibit tumor cell growth instead of killing tumor cells. Additionally, C. sp. SUN EPS suppressed cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of adhesion proteins and cyclin D1 in LA795 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that C. sp. SUN EPS inhibited the growth of lung adenocarcinoma tumors without affecting the normal body weight of nude mice. Collectively, the present study showed that C. sp. SUN EPS could be a potential substance for cancer treatment, which provided a research basis for future study on EPS and expanded the application of Crypthecodinium.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Microalgas , Animais , Camundongos , Microalgas/metabolismo , Camundongos Nus , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
Background and purpose: A carotid web is a thin, shelf-like luminal protrusion in the internal carotid artery that might cause carotid stenosis and stroke by inducing disturbed flow patterns, thrombosis, and abnormal biomechanical stimulus to the endothelial cells. This study simulated and evaluated how the two main treatments (endarterectomy and stenting) influence hemodynamic environments in the carotid artery and distal carotid siphon arteries, aiming to provide more references for the selection of clinical treatment. Materials and methods: The carotid web, endarterectomy, and stenting models were reconstructed based on CT images. The blood flow simulations were conducted, and critical parameters related to thrombosis formation and artery remodeling, including swirling strength, wall shear stress (WSS), vortex Q-criterion, and oscillating shear index (OSI), were analyzed. Results: In the model of the carotid web, obvious recirculation formed distal to the web, accompanied by lower velocity, lower WSS, higher relative resident time (RRT), and higher Q value. While in both two treatment models, the velocity increased and the Q value and RRT decreased at the carotid bifurcation. In addition, both treatments provide more kinetic energy to the distal carotid siphon artery, especially the stenting model. Conclusion: The carotid web can significantly influence the flow environments in the carotid artery. Both endarterectomy and stenting treatments could significantly diminish the side effects of the web and are feasible choices for web patients in terms of hemodynamics. Besides, the treatments for the carotid web would also influence the flow patterns at the distal carotid siphon, especially for the stenting treatment. But more innovational designs are needed to make the minimally invasive stenting treatment more beneficial.
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Photosynthesis is the basis of plant growth and development, and is seriously affected by low phosphorus (P) stress. However, few studies have reported for the genetic foundation of photosynthetic response to low P stress in soybean. To address this issue, 219 soybean accessions were genotyped by 292,035 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotyped under normal and low P conditions in 2015 and 2016. These datasets were used to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for photosynthesis-related traits using mrMLM, ISIS EM-BLASSO, pLARmEB, FASTmrMLM, FASTmrEMMA, and pKWmEB methods. As a result, 159 QTNs within 31 genomic regions were found to be associated with four photosynthesis-related traits under different P stress conditions. Among the 31 associated regions, five (q7-2, q8-1, q9, q13-1, and q20-2) were detected commonly under both normal and low P conditions, indicating the insensitivity of these candidate genes to low P stress; five were detected only under normal P condition, indicating the sensitivity of these candidate genes to low P stress; six were detected only under low P condition, indicating the tolerantness of these candidate genes to low P stress; 20 were reported in previous studies. Around the 159 QTNs, 52 candidate genes were mined. These results provide the important information for marker-assisted breeding in soybean and further reveal the basis for the application of P tolerance to photosynthetic capacity.