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Laparoscopic colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis may be beneficial for patients with slow transit constipation who do not respond to conservative treatment, particularly if the superior rectal artery (SRA) is preserved. Several important concerns have been addressed in this commentary. It is important to first go over the definition of surgical procedure as it is used in this text. Second, the current study lacked a control group that had SRA preservation. Thirdly, it would be best to use a prospective, randomized controlled study. Lastly, a description of the mesenteric defect's state following a laparoscopic colectomy is necessary.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the elongated needling at the points of hand and foot yang meridians and the Governor Vessel combined with the routine acupuncture therapy on pain, balance function and muscle strength of the patients with post-stroke hemiplegia and central post-stroke pain (CPSP), and to investigate whether its therapeutic mechanism is related to antioxidant damage. METHODS: Ninety-four patients with post-stroke hemiplegia and CPSP admitted from March 2020 to September 2021 were divided into a trial group (47 cases, 1 cases dropped out) and a control group (47 cases 3 cases dropped out). In the control group, the rehabilitation exercise combined with routine acupuncture therapy was used, and in the trial group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, the elongated needling at the points of hand and foot yang meridians and the Governor Vessel was supplemented. In the two groups, the treatment was given once daily, and 1 course of treatment was composed of 14 days, a total of 6 courses were required in the trial. Separately, before treatment, and 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment, between two groups, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) and that of Berg balance scale (BBS), as well as muscle strength were comparedï¼the neural function was evaluated using the national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) and the serum contents of nitricoxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by ELISA in the patients. RESULTS: Compared with those before treatment, VAS score and NIHSS score were all decreased (P<0.05) in the trial and the control group after 1 month, 2 months and 3 months of treatment, and BBS score was increased (P<0.05)ï¼and the case proportion of muscle strength grade 4 and 5 was higher (P<0.05) in the trial group. In the control group, the proportion of grade 4 increased after treatment for 2 months (P<0.05), and that of grade 4 and 5 increased after treatment for 3 months (P<0.05). The serum contents of NOS and SOD were increased (P<0.05), and MDA was decreased (P<0.05) after 3 months of treatment in the two groups. In comparison with the control group at the same time point, VAS score and NIHSS score were lower (P<0.05), BBS score higher (P<0.05) and the muscle strength grade was improved (P<0.05, P<0.01) after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment, respectivelyï¼and the serum contents of NOS and SOD increased (P<0.05), and MDA decreased (P<0.05) after 3 months of treatment in the trial group. CONCLUSIONS: The elongated needling at the points of hand and foot yang meridians and the Governor Vessel, combined with the routine acupuncture therapy alleviates CPSP, improves balance and muscle strength and promotes the recovery of neural function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegia, the mechanism may be related to antioxidant damage.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Neuralgia , Humanos , Hemiplegia/etiologia , Hemiplegia/terapia , Antioxidantes , Indução Percutânea de Colágeno , Resultado do Tratamento , Superóxido Dismutase , Pontos de AcupunturaRESUMO
Converting CO2 into chemicals and fuels by solar energy can alleviate global warming and solve the energy crisis. In this work, CoAl-LDO/MoO3-x (LDO/MO) composites were successfully prepared and achieved efficient CO2 reduction under visible light. The CoAl-layered double oxides (CoAl-LDO) evolved from CoAl-layered double hydroxide (CoAl-LDH) exhibited a more robust structure, broader light absorption, and improved CO2 adsorption ability. The local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect excited by nonstoichiometric MoO3-x broadened the photo-response range of CoAl-LDO/MoO3-x. In addition, constructing step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions could simultaneously optimize the migration mechanism of photogenerated electrons and holes, and retain carriers with strong redox ability. Therefore, the production rates of CO and CH4 on the optimal LDO/MO composite were 7 and 9 times higher than the pristine CoAl-LDH, respectively. This work hybridizes oxidation photocatalysts and LDO-based materials to optimize the charge separation and migration mechanisms, which guides the modification of LDO-based materials.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic heat stress on oxidative stress in liver of broilers. In our study, chickens were randomly allocated to control 1 group (control 7 d), heat stress 1 group (HS1, 7 d), control 2 group (control 14 d) and heat stress 2 group (HS2, 14 d), with 30 replicates in each group. Broilers in heat stress groups exposed 8 h/day heat stress (35 ± 2°C) for 7 or 14 consecutive days, and the rest of time per day were kept at 23 ± 2â the same as control group broilers. Growth performance and the liver tissues were collected for histological observation and detection of organ index and liver redox status. The serum indicators (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) related to liver injury were determined. Moreover, Nrf2-related genes and protein expression levels in liver were measured. The results showed that in heat stress group broilers the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, liver weight, and liver index were decreased, inflammatory cells infiltration in liver, and serum AST level was enhanced, compared with control group broilers. Moreover, the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level were increased after 1 wk of heat stress. Nrf2, Sqstm1/p62, HO-1, and NQO1 mRNA expressions in the liver of broilers were decreased by heat stress. P62 and p-p62 protein expressions were significantly up-regulated, but Nrf2 and keap1 protein level was decreased in heat stress group broilers as compared to control group. The mRNA expression levels of Beclin1, LC3-I, LC3-II were down-regulated significantly with heat stress for 1 wk. The mRNA expression level of mTOR up-regulated after 2 wk of heat stress. In conclusion, heat stress induced liver injury of broilers by down-regulating Nrf2-keap1 signaling pathway and autophagy.
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Galinhas , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor , Alanina Transaminase , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases , Autofagia , Proteína Beclina-1/metabolismo , Proteína Beclina-1/farmacologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Proteína Sequestossoma-1/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of chronic heat stress on liver inflammatory injury and its potential mechanisms in broilers. Chickens were randomly assigned to the 1-week control group (Control 1), 1-week heat stress group (HS1), 2-week control group (Control 2), and a 2-week heat stress group (HS2) with 15 replicates per group. Broilers in the heat stress groups were exposed to heat stress (35 ± 2 °C) for 8 h/d for 7 or 14 consecutive days, and the rest of 26 hours/day were kept at 23 ± 2 °C like control group broilers. Growth performance and liver inflammatory injury were examined for the analysis of liver injury. RESULTS: The results showed that heat stress for 2 weeks decreased the growth performance, reduced the liver weight (P < 0.05) and liver index (P < 0.05), induced obvious bleeding and necrosis points. Liver histological changes found that the heat stress induced the liver infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes in broilers. Serum levels of AST and SOD were enhanced in HS1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and HS2 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) group, compared with control 1 and 2 group broilers. The MDA content in HS1 group was higher than that of in control 1 group broilers (P < 0.05). Both the gene and protein expression levels of HSP70, TLR4 and NF-κB in the liver were significantly enhanced by heat stress. Furthermore, heat stress obviously enhanced the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB P65, IκB and their phosphorylated proteins in the livers of broilers. In addition, heat stress promoted the activation of NLRP3 with increased NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1ß levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that heat stress can cause liver inflammation via activation of the TLR4-NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways in broilers. With the extension of heat stress time, the effect of heat stress on the increase of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways tended to slow down.
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NF-kappa B , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Inflamação/veterinária , Fígado/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
Heat stress can affect the poultry production and immune status of broilers. Heat stress disrupts intestinal integrity and increases intestinal inflammation, which is related with body immune dysfunction. Chai Hu oral liquid used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug is widely used in exogenous fever of poultry, but its resistance to heat stress and the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a chronic heat stressed broilers model was established to explore the mechanisms of broilers' immune function changes and the effects of Chai Hu oral liquid. In this study, a total of 480 broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups with 80 replicates. Heat stress (HS) group broilers were stressed at 35 ± 2°C for 5 or 10 consecutive d with 6 h/d. Heat stressed (for 5 or 10 d) broilers were given with Jieshu KangreSan (Positive), Chai Hu oral liquid high, middle and low dosage (CH-High, CH-Mid, CH-Low) by oral administration. Birds in control group were treated with the same volume of PBS only in 25 ± 2°C. All birds were sacrificed at last heat stress challenged day. Changes in immune function were assessed by immune organs index, serum IFN-γ level, gene and protein expressions of immune factors in spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Results from this experiment showed that heat stress enhanced the immune organs' edema by directly increased the organs indexes of spleen and bursa of Fabricius in broilers. Heat stress for 10 d also increased bursa of Fabricius HSP70 protein level and significantly lowered the spleen and bursa of Fabricius proteins expressions of IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ in broilers. The IFN-ß and IFN-γ protein levels in spleen and bursa of Fabricius also decreased in heat stressed broilers for 5 d. The gene and protein expressions of TLR4 and TBK1 markedly decreased in spleen and bursa of Fabricius of broilers treated with chronic heat stress. Chai Hu oral liquid reduced edema of immune organs and elevated TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathway to release immune factors. Above results indicated that chronic heat stress induced impaired immune function by inhibiting TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathway, and Chai Hu oral liquid had effective protection of body's immune ability by enhancing this signaling pathway.
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Bupleurum , Bolsa de Fabricius , Animais , Galinhas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Imunidade , Transdução de Sinais , Baço , Receptor 4 Toll-LikeRESUMO
With the global warming, the harm of heat stress (HS) to the breeding industry has become more common, which causes the decline of animal production performance and low immunity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of HS on the intestinal immune function of Salmonella-infected chickens. Fourteen-day-old broilers were divided into the following four groups of eight replicates: control (Control), heat stress (HS), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), and heat stress + Salmonella Typhimurium (HS+ST). The broilers were subjected to a heat stress of 35 °C from 15 to 28 days of age. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST, 14028, 109 cfu/mL) was inoculated, via oral administration at 29 days of age, into ST and HS+ST group birds. On the 4th day after Salmonella Typhimurium administration, an increase in jejunum IgA levels was observed in chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Mechanistic regulation of TLR4-NFκB-NLRP3 and TLR4-TBK1 signaling by heat stress was evaluated in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected broilers. Heat stress markedly inhibited the expression of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB-p65, and p-NF-κB-p65, and the TLR4-TBK1 cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, p-IRF3, and p-TBK1 in jejunum of broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Collectively, our results demonstrate that heat stress can inhibit intestinal immune response by downregulating the expression of TLR4-NFκB-NLRP3 and TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathways in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium.
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Galinhas , NF-kappa B , Animais , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Salmonella typhimurium , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genéticaRESUMO
High ambient temperature has potential influence on oxidative stress, or systemic inflammation affecting poultry production and immune status of chickens. Heat stress (HS) induces intestinal inflammation and increases susceptibility of harmful pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Intestinal inflammation is a common result of body immune dysfunction. Therefore, we designed an experiment to analyze the effects of 35 ± 2 °C HS on salmonella infection in chickens through regulation of the immune responses. 40 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, heat stress (HS) group, salmonella typhimurium (ST) group and model group (heat stress + salmonella typhimurium, HS + ST). Birds in HS and model group were treated with 35 ± 2 °C heat stress 6 h a day and for 14 continuous days. Then, ST and model group birds were orally administrated with 1 mL ST inoculum (109 cfu/mL). Chickens were sacrificed at the 4th day after ST administration and ileum tissues were measured. We observed that heat stress decreased ileum TNF-α and IL-1ß protein expressions. Concomitantly heat stress decreased NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein levels. The protein expressions of p-NF-κB-p65 and p-IκB-α in ileum. Heat stress also inhibited IFN-α, p-IRF3 and p-TBK1, showing a deficiency in the HS + ST group birds. Together, the present data suggested that heat stress suppressed intestinal immune activity in chickens infected by salmonella typhimurium, as observed by the decrease of immune cytokines levels, which regulated by NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Galinhas/imunologia , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Salmonelose Animal/imunologia , Salmonella typhimurium , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/imunologia , Galinhas/microbiologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/patologia , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Íleo/imunologia , Íleo/patologia , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/imunologia , Salmonelose Animal/patologia , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Heat stress can decrease poultry performance indices, immune function, and intestinal development, which can reduce birds' innate protective mechanisms and may be more susceptible for pathogens. Ma chickens heat-stressed with 41°C for 12 h and recovered for 7 d had extremely low immunity. In this study, a susceptible chicken model induced by heat stress and then infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 was established to explore the mechanisms of birds' intestinal immune function changes. Ma chickens in heat stress + E. coli (HS + E. coli) group were stressed at 41°C for 12 h and recovered for 7 d, then chickens in E. coli group and HS + E. coli group were orally administered with 1 mL E. coli O157:H7 (1 × 109 cfu/mL). Chickens were sacrificed at the fourth day after E. coli administration. Results showed that the HS + E. coli group had increased intestinal length and weight, had higher E. coli counts in cecum contents than the E. coli group. Heat stress also enhanced serum diamine oxidase and decreased IgA level in chickens infected by E. coli. Heat stress had protective effects in small intestinal morphology except for duodenum by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Compared with the E. coli group birds, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and caspase-1 protein levels in the duodenum and ileum were significantly increased. Heat stress also can signiï¬cantly enhance the gene and protein expression of Hsp70, TLR4, and NF-κB in the duodenum and ileum, respectively. The gene expression of Hsp70, TLR4, and NF-κB in the jejunum was not influenced, but the protein expression of Hsp70 and NF-κB was inhibited by heat stress. The results indicated heat stress can amplify the effect of E. coli on intestinal inflammatory injury of Ma chickens through increasing TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Galinhas , Escherichia coli O157 , Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli O157/metabolismo , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Inflamação/veterinária , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding the efficacy of different treatment strategies for acute left malignant colonic obstruction. This study investigated the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of several treatment strategies for acute left malignant colonic obstruction. METHODS: We searched for articles published in PubMed, Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, and Cochrane Library between January 1, 2000, and July 1, 2020. We screened out the literature comparing different treatment strategies. Evaluate the primary and secondary outcomes of different treatment strategies. The network meta-analysis summarizes the hazard ratio, odds ratio, mean difference, and its 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The network meta-analysis involved 48 articles, including 8 (randomized controlled trials) RCTs and 40 non-RCTs. Primary outcomes: the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the CS-BTS strategy and the DS-BTS strategy were significantly better than those of the ES strategy, and the 5-year OS of the DS-BTS strategy was significantly better than that of CS-BTS. The long-term survival of TCT-BTS was not significantly different from those of CS-BTS and ES. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: compared with emergency resection (ER) strategies, colonic stent-bridge to surgery (CS-BTS) and transanal colorectal tube-bridge to surgery (TCT-BTS) strategies can significantly increase the primary anastomosis rate, CS-BTS and decompressing stoma-bridge to surgery (DS-BTS) strategies can significantly reduce mortality, and CS-BTS strategies can significantly reduce the permanent stoma rate. The hospital stay of DS-BTS is significantly longer than that of other strategies. There was no significant difference in the anastomotic leakage levels of several treatment strategies. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive literature research, we find that CS-BTS and DS-BTS strategies can bring better 5-year OS and DFS than ER. DS-BTS strategies have a better 5-year OS than CS-BTS strategies. Without considering the hospital stays, DS-BTS strategy is the best choice.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Obstrução Intestinal/cirurgia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Emergências , Humanos , Obstrução Intestinal/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Stents , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The number of dissected lymph nodes (LNs) in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy has a controversial effect on the prognosis. AIM: To investigate the prognostic impact of the number of LN dissected in rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2000 until January 1, 2020. Two reviewers examined all the publications independently and extracted the relevant data. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they compared the number of LNs in rectal cancer specimens resected after neoadjuvant treatment (LNs ≥ 12 vs LNs < 12). The primary endpoints were the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Nine articles were included in the meta-analyses. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.88, I 2 = 12.2%, P = 0.336], DFS (HR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.63-0.92, I 2 = 68.4%, P = 0.013), and distant recurrence (DR) (HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.48-0.93, I 2 = 30.5%, P = 0.237) between the LNs ≥ 12 and LNs < 12 groups, but local recurrence (HR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.38-1.16, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.348) showed no statistical difference. Moreover, subgroup analysis of LN negative patients revealed a statistically significant difference in DFS (HR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.88, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.565) between the LNs ≥ 12 and LNs < 12 groups. CONCLUSION: Although neoadjuvant therapy reduces LN production in rectal cancer, our data indicate that dissecting at least 12 LNs after neoadjuvant therapy may improve the patients' OS, DFS, and DR.