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Membrane distillation (MD) has great potential in the management of hypersaline water for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) due to its high salinity tolerance. However, the membrane wetting issue significantly restricts its practical application. In this study, a composite membrane tailored for extreme concentrations and even crystallization of hypersaline water is synthesized by coating a commercial hydrophobic porous membrane with a composite film containing a dense polyamide layer, a cation exchange layer (CEL), and an anion exchange layer (AEL). When used in direct contact MD for treating a 100 g L-1 NaCl hypersaline solution, the membrane achieves supersaturation of feed solution and a salt crystal yield of 38.0%, with the permeate concentration at <5 mg L-1. The composite membrane also demonstrates ultrahigh antiwetting stability in 360 h of long-term operation. Moreover, ion diffusion analysis reveals that the ultrahigh wetting resistance of the composite membrane is attributed to the bipolar AEL and CEL that eliminate ion crossover. The literature review elucidates that the composite membrane is superior to state-of-the-art membranes. This study demonstrates the great potential of the composite membrane for direct crystallization of hypersaline water, offering a promising approach to filling the gap between reverse osmosis and conventional thermal desalination processes for ZLD application.
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Cristalização , Destilação , Membranas Artificiais , Salinidade , Água/química , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
Background: Ischemic Stroke (IS) stands as one of the primary cerebrovascular diseases profoundly linked with inflammation. In the context of neuroinflammation, an excessive activation of microglia has been observed. Consequently, regulating microglial activation emerges as a vital target for neuroinflammation treatment. Catalpol (CAT), a natural compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise in this regard. However, its potential to modulate neuroinflammatory responses in the brain, especially on microglial cells, requires comprehensive exploration. Methods: In our study, we investigated into the potential anti-inflammatory effects of catalpol using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells as an experimental model. The production of nitric oxide (NO) by LPS-activated BV2 cells was quantified using the Griess reaction. Immunofluorescence was employed to measure glial cell activation markers. RT-qPCR was utilized to assess mRNA levels of various inflammatory markers. Western blot analysis examined protein expression in LPS-activated BV2 cells. NF-κB nuclear localization was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) were conducted to explore the binding affinity of catalpol with key targets. Results: Catalpol effectively suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) induced by LPS and reduced the expression of microglial cell activation markers, including Iba-1. Furthermore, we observed that catalpol downregulated the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1ß, as well as key molecules involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway, including NLRP3, NF-κB, caspase-1, and ASC. Our mechanistic investigations shed light on how catalpol operates against neuroinflammation. It was evident that catalpol significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, both of which serve as upstream regulators of the inflammatory cascade. Molecular docking and MDs showed strong binding interactions between catalpol and key targets such as NF-κB, NLRP3, and IL-1ß. Conclusion: Our findings support the idea that catalpol holds the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation, and it is achieved by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, ultimately leading to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Catalpol emerges as a promising candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs) have received extensive attention because of their advantages of low cost, high safety, and nontoxicity. However, problems such as dissolution of the active cathode material, dendrites/passivation of the zinc anode, and slow reaction kinetics hindered their further applications. In this work, a crystalline/amorphous composite-type material composed of crystalline MnCO3 and amorphous MnOx was prepared and used as the cathode material for RAZIBs. The MnCO3@amorphous MnOx (MnCO3@A-MnOx) composite possesses the merits of both the pure crystalline phase of MnCO3 and the amorphous phase of MnOx, which can deliver better electrochemical performance than the corresponding single component in repeated cycles. In addition, crystalline MnCO3 undergoes a complex phase transition to the active MnO2 during the first charge process, providing the composite with a stable structure and additional electrochemical capacity. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that the MnCO3@A-MnOx electrode can display high reversible discharge capacity at 0.1 A g-1, excellent rate performance at 5.0 A g-1, and long cycling stability over 2000 cycles, showing great potential as a cathode material for high-performance RAZIBs.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) is an essential predictor of many heart diseases. Guanxinshutong capsule (GXST) is a Chinese patent medicine widely used in the clinical treatment of CVD, In our previous research, we identified 111 compounds of GXST. In order to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms by which GXST treats PCH, this study employed network pharmacology methods to screen for the active ingredients of GXST in treating PCH and predicted the potential targets. The results identified 26 active ingredients of GXST and 110 potential targets for PCH. Through a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, we confirmed AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 as the core proteins in GXST treatment of PCH, thus establishing the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways as the significant mechanisms of GXST in treating PCH. The results of molecular docking (MD) demonstrate that flavonoid naringenin and diterpenoid tanshinone iia have the highest binding affinity with the core protein. Before performing molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs), the geometric structure of naringenin and tanshinone iia was optimized using density functional theory (DFT) at the B97-3c level, and RESP2 atomic charge calculations were carried out at the B3LYP-D3(BJ)/def2-TZVP level. Further MDS results demonstrated that in the human body environment, the complex of naringenin and tanshinone iii with core proteins exhibited high stability, flexibility, and low binding free energy. Additionally, naringenin and tanshinone iia showed favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics and passed the drug similarity (DS) assessment. Ultrasound cardiograms and cardiac morphometric measurements in animal experiments demonstrate that GXST can improve the PCH induced by isoproterenol (ISO). Protein immunoblotting results indicate that GXST increases the expression of P-eNOS and eNOS by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the MAPK signaling pathway, further elucidating the mechanism of action of GXST in treating PCH. This study contributes to the elucidation of the key ingredients and molecular mechanisms of GXST in treating PCH.
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INTRODUCTION: Vascular prosthetic grafts are widely used in vascular surgery; however, graft infection remains a major concern. Silver-coated vascular grafts have demonstrated anti-infection properties in clinical settings; however, whether the silver irons influence foreign body reaction or neointimal hyperplasia remains unclear. METHODS: Sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid (SA/HA) hydrogel patches loaded with rhodamine, with or without silver, were fabricated. Patches were implanted in the subcutaneous or abdominal cavity and inferior vena cava of rats. Samples were harvested on day 14 and examined via immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS: Silver hydrogel was found to decrease the foreign body reaction; after subcutaneous and abdominal cavity implantation in rats, the capsule was found to be thinner in the silver hydrogel group than in the control hydrogel group. The silver hydrogel group had fewer CD68-positive cells and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and interleukin-33 (IL-33) dual-positive cells than the control hydrogel group. Additionally, the silver hydrogel patch reduced the neointimal thickness after patch venoplasty in rats, and the number of IL-33- and IL-1ß-positive cells was lower than that in the control patch. CONCLUSION: Silver-loaded SA/HA hydrogel patches decreased the foreign body reaction and venous neointimal hyperplasia in rats by the inhibition of IL-33 expression.
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Interleucina-33 , Prata , Ratos , Animais , Hiperplasia , Neointima , Reação a Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Reação a Corpo Estranho/prevenção & controle , HidrogéisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The simulated three-dimensional (3D) printed anatomical model of the aorta, which has become the norm in medical education, has poor authenticity, tactility, feasibility, and interactivity. Therefore, this study explored the educational value and effect of mixed reality (MR) combined with a 3D printed model of aortic disease in training surgical residents. METHOD: Fifty-one resident physicians who rotated in vascular surgery were selected and divided into traditional (27) and experimental (24) teaching groups using the random number table method. After undergoing the experimental and traditional training routines on aortic disease, both the groups took a theoretical test on aortic disease and an assessment of the simulation based on the Michigan Standard Simulation Experience Scale (MiSSES) template. Their scores and assessment results were compared. The study was conducted at the Department of Vascular Surgery of Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. RESULTS: In the theoretical test on aortic disease, the experimental teaching group obtained higher mean total scores (79.0 ± 9.1 vs. 72.6 ± 7.5, P = 0.013) and higher scores in anatomy/ pathophysiology (30.8 ± 5.4 vs. 24.8 ± 5.8; P < 0.001) than the traditional teaching group. The differences in their scores in the differential diagnosis (25.8 ± 3.0 vs. 23.3 ± 4.9; P = 0.078) and treatment (22.5 ± 11.8 vs. 24.5 ± 8.2; P = 0.603) sessions were insignificant. The MR-assisted teaching stratified the vascular residents through the MiSSES survey. Overall, 95.8% residents (23/24) strongly or somewhat agreed that the MR was adequately realistic and the curriculum helped improve the ability to understanding aortic diseases. Further, 91.7% residents (22/24) strongly or somewhat agreed that the MR-assisted teaching was a good training tool for knowledge on aortic diseases. All residents responded with "Good" or "Outstanding" on the overall rating of the MR experience. CONCLUSIONS: MR combined with the 3D printed model helped residents understand and master aortic disease, particularly regarding anatomy and pathophysiology. Additionally, the realistic 3D printing and MR models improved the self-efficacy of residents in studying aortic diseases, thus greatly stimulating their enthusiasm and initiative to study.
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Doenças da Aorta , Realidade Aumentada , Internato e Residência , Humanos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Impressão Tridimensional , Competência ClínicaRESUMO
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have great potential as a new energy technology that utilizes microorganisms to produce electrical energy by decomposing organic matter. A cathode catalyst is key to achieving an accelerated cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in MFCs. We prepared a Zr-based metal organic-framework-derived silver-iron co-doped bimetallic material based on electrospun nanofibers by promoting the in situ growth of UiO-66-NH2 on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and named it as CNFs-Ag/Fe-m:n doped catalyst (m:n were 0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:1, respectively). Experimental results combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that a moderate amount of Fe doped in CNFs-Ag-1:1 reduces the Gibbs free energy in the last step of the ORR. This indicates that Fe doping improves the performance of the catalytic ORR, and MFCs equipped with CNFs-Ag/Fe-1:1 exhibit a maximum power density of 737. 45 mW m-2, significantly higher than that obtained for MFCs using commercial Pt/C (457.99 mW m-2).
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HYPOTHESIS: The relatively lower power density of Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), primarily resulting from weak biofilm habitation and sluggish extracellular electron transfer (EET) at the anode interface, limits their practical implementation on a large scale. To address this challenge, porous CoFe2O4 nanoparticles could be used as anode electrocatalysts based on the following considerations: (i) the introduction of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles endows the anode with a rough surface that facilitates biofilm formation; (ii) the positively charged Co and Fe ions improve the interfacial affinity of anodes, enabling rapid immobilization and colonization of negatively bacteria; (iii) the multi-valent metal states of Co and Fe can function as electron shuttles, mediating EET process between biofilm and anode. EXPERIMENTS: CoFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared with a bimetal-organic framework (B-MOF) as precursor, were modified to the surface of carbon cloth as the anode of MFCs. FINDINGS: MFCs equipped with CoFe2O4 anode achieved a maximum power density of 1026.68 mW m-2, which was approximately 3.4 times higher than that of the pristine carbon cloth. Additionally, the biofilm density and viability on the anode were enhanced after CoFe2O4 modification. Considering the facile fabrication process and superior electrocatalytic performance, the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are promising electrocatalysts for high performance and cost-effective MFCs.
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Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Nanopartículas , Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica/microbiologia , Eletricidade , Porosidade , Carbono , EletrodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetes-related limb ischemia is a challenge for lower extremity amputation. Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is an essential serine/threonine kinase for mitosis, while its role in limb ischemia remains unclear. METHOD: Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were cultured in high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L D-glucose) and no additional growth factors (ND) medium to mimic diabetes and low growth factors deprivation as in vitro model. Diabetic C57BL/6 mice were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) administration. After seven days, ischemia was surgically performed by left unilateral femoral artery ligation on diabetic mice. The vector of adenovirus was utilized to overexpress AURKA in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: In our study, HG and ND-mediated downregulation of AURKA impaired the cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability of HMEC-1, which were rescued by overexpressed AURKA. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) induced by overexpressed AURKA were likely regulatory molecules that coordinate these events. Mice with AURKA overexpression exhibited improved angiogenesis in response to VEGF in Matrigel plug assay, with increased capillary density and hemoglobin content. In diabetic limb ischemia mice, AURKA overexpression rescued blood perfusion and motor deficits, accompanied by the recovery of gastrocnemius muscles observed by H&E staining and positive Desmin staining. Moreover, AURKA overexpression rescued diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and functional recovery in the ischemic limb. Signal pathway results revealed that VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT pathway might be involved in AURKA triggered angiogenesis procedure. In addition, AURKA overexpression impeded oxidative stress and subsequent following lipid peroxidation both in vitro and in vivo, indicating another protective mechanism of AURKA function in diabetic limb ischemia. The changes in lipid peroxidation biomarkers (lipid ROS, GPX4, SLC7A11, ALOX5, and ASLC4) in in vitro and in vivo were suggestive of the possible involvement of ferroptosis and interaction between AUKRA and ferroptosis in diabetic limb ischemia, which need further investigation. CONCLUSIONS: These results implicated a potent role of AURKA in diabetes-related impairment of ischemia-mediated angiogenesis and implied a potential therapeutic target for ischemic diseases of diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Aurora Quinase A/metabolismo , Aurora Quinase A/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Membro Posterior , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Isquemia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismoRESUMO
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a major health problem, in which diabetes is a risk factor. Lysine Demethylase 4B (JMJD2B) is a histone demethylase. Diabetic CLI model was established in mice by streptozotocin injection and femoral artery ligation. Reduced expression of JMJD2B in lower limb muscles was observed in CLI mice with or without diabetes, accompanied by impaired blood perfusion and mobility. Adenovirus-mediated JMJD2B overexpression improved blood perfusion and angiogenesis as indicated by the alternation in CD31, α-SMA, and VEGFA expression in the lower limb of diabetic mice with CLI. In vitro, JMJD2B expression and the proliferation and tube formation ability were inhibited by high glucose and ischemic conditions in HMEC-1 cells. Overexpressed-JMJD2B contributed to angiogenesis by promoting cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HMEC-1 cells, as well as increasing VEGFA and SDF-1 expression. Mechanism study indicated that JMJD2B overexpression activated the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway by promoting ß-catenin nuclear translocation and the expression. This might lead to stimulated angiogenesis, as demonstrated by the Wnt/ß-catenin inhibitor XAV-939. Overall, our study revealed that JMJD2B was down-regulated in CLI mice with diabetes and JMJD2B overexpression promoted angiogenesis probably via the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , beta Catenina , Camundongos , Animais , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Isquemia/genética , Via de Sinalização Wnt/genética , Proliferação de Células/genéticaRESUMO
High-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is important to boost the power production efficiency and reduce overall cost. Herein, we demonstrate a novel nitrogen (N)-doped carbon nanofiber (N-CNF) supported metal and metal compound heterostructure derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which endows superior electrocatalytic activity by optimizing the coupling modulation effect. The resulting cobalt/cobalt phosphide and cobalt/cobalt sulfide nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanofiber (Co/CoP/Co2P@N-CNF, Co/CoS2@N-CNF) present superior ORR activity and methanol tolerance. Moreover, the assembled MFCs modified with Co/CoP/Co2P@N-CNF and Co/CoS2@N-CNF composite also achieve higher power density (375.16 and 400.06 mW m-2) as well as coulombic efficiency (11.2 %, 12.4 %), superior than that of Pt/C electrode (333.70 mW m-2, 10.4 %). Impressively, the Co/CoS2@N-CNF electrode exhibits long-term stability and durability in dual-chamber MFCs. A high-performance heterostructure cathode with an effective strategy for bridging nanocatalysis and practical MFCs is reported and presented.
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The low power density originating from poor electroactive bacteria (EAB) adhesion and sluggish extracellular electron transfer (EET) at the anode interface, is a major impediment preventing the practical implementation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Tailoring the surface properties of anodes is an effective and powerful strategy for addressing this issue. In this study, we successfully fabricated an efficient anode electrocatalyst, consisting of carbon nanotubes encapsulating iron disulfide (FeS2@CNT) micropolyhedrons, using simple hydrothermal and freeze-drying methods, which not only strengthened the anode interaction with EAB but also promoted the EET process at the anode interface. As expected, the MFCs with a FeS2@CNT anode yielded an outstanding power density of 1914 mWm-2 at a current density of 4350 mA m-2, which significantly exceeded those of pure CNT (1096.2mW m-2, 2703.3 mA m-2) and carbon cloth (426.8mWm-2, 965.6 mA m-2) anodes. The high-power output can be attributed to the synergistic effect between FeS2 and CNTs, endowing the anode with biocompatibility for biofilm adhesion and colonization, nutrient diffusion, and the presence of abundant Fe and S active sites for EET mediation. Owing to the low cost, facile fabrication process, and excellent electrocatalytic performance toward the redox reactions in biofilms, the synthesized FeS2@CNT electrocatalyst is a promising material for high-performance and cost-effective MFCs with commercial applications.
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Objectives: This study compared results of non-surgical treatment (compression and ultrasound guided thrombin injection (UGTI)) and surgery to treat iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to October 2021. Primary outcome measure was success rate, and other outcomes examined were complication rate, reintervention rate. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted data. Data were presented as the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to appraise the quality of the body of evidence. Results: Eight studies were included. A total of 623 patients with pseudoaneurysm undergoing treatment were included, of which 163 subjects underwent surgery, 397 subjects underwent compression, and 63 subjects underwent UGTI. The success rate was significantly lower in the non-surgery group (OR 0.24, 95% CI, 0.08-0.69, I 2 = 0%). The complication rate was significantly lower in the non-surgery group (OR 0.10, 95% CI, 0.03 -0.29, I 2 = 0%). Patients in the non-surgery group tended to have a lower, but statistically insignificant, reintervention rate (OR 0.11, 95% CI, 0.01-1.06, I 2 = 35%). Further, the GRADE assessment showed that these results (success rate, complication rate, and reintervention rate) were of very low quality. Conclusions: Available evidence shows that it is reasonable to regard non-surgical treatment as the primary treatment for iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms, and surgery as a remedy after failure of non-surgical treatment in some cases.
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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology in wastewater recovery driven by microbial metabolism. However, the low power output resulting from the sluggish extracellular electron transfer (EET) between the anode surface and exoelectrogens dramatically restricted the further application. This study fabricated a high-performance anode by decorating porous and conductive electrospinning carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The maximum power density in MFC modified with 14 wt% polyacrylonitrile CNFs (M-CNF14, 9.6 ± 0.2 W m-3) was 1.9 and 2.7 times higher than carbon black modified MFC (M-CB, 5.1 ± 0.1 W m-3) and the blank (M-BA, 3.6 ± 0.1 W m-3), respectively. Denser biofilm and more microbial nanowires were observed in the M-CNF14 anode than in other conditions. Furthermore, the redox peak current of c-type cytochrome was 1.7-21 times higher in M-CNF14 than in the blank control, verifying the preferable EET activity. Several exoelectrogens like Petrimonas and Comamonas were enriched in M-CNF14 and showed a positive correlation to power generation. Besides, more simplified and modular interrelations among exoelectrogens and other bacteria were obtained in M-CNF14. This study revealed the microbial-related mechanism for simultaneously improving EET and exoelectrogens enrichment by CNFs modified anode, providing guidelines for high-performance wastewater recovery.
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Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Nanofibras , Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica/microbiologia , Carbono , Citocromos , Eletricidade , Eletrodos , Elétrons , Fuligem , Águas ResiduáriasRESUMO
Neointimal hyperplasia is a complex process after vascular interventions, acute platelet deposition and smooth muscle cell proliferation both contributed to this process. There are still no perfect solutions to solve this problem. Rivaroxaban is a novel anticoagulant that has been widely used in clinic, it has a good pharmacological effects both in vivo and in vitro. Chitosan microparticle rapamycin (MP-rapa) was fabricated, interspaces of polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold were used as a reservoir of MP-rapa, and the scaffold was coated with hyaluronic acid rivaroxaban (MP-rapa-riva). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) photographs were taken and water contact angles were measured, rat inferior vena cava (IVC) patch venoplasty model was used; patches were harvested at day 14 and examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. SEM photographs showed the microparticles rapamycin were inside the interspace of the scaffold, hyaluronic acid rivaroxaban was also successfully coated onto the surface of the scaffold. There was a thinner neointima, fewer proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells, fewer macrophages in the MP-rapa and MP-rapa-riva grafts compared to the control PGA graft. The result showed that this scaffold with dual anticoagulation and antiproliferation functions can effectively inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia, although this is an animal experiment, it showed promising potential clinical application in the future.
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Quitosana , Neointima , Animais , Ratos , Quitosana/farmacologia , Ácido Hialurônico/farmacologia , Hiperplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperplasia/patologia , Neointima/patologia , Rivaroxabana/farmacologia , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Túnica Íntima/patologiaRESUMO
Background: With the development of the Internet, more and more patients search for disease-related information on video platforms during the treatment process, and physicians also look for learning materials through these video platforms. Bilibili is one of the most popular video platforms in China. This study evaluated information on various interesting topics, and related surgical procedures searched through Bilibili. Method: The Bilibili platform was independently queried for 12 common vascular diseases or related surgical procedures between October and November 2021 by two independent authors using the Baidu search engine. Information about the video and uploader was collected, and descriptive analyses of the overall and first-page results were performed. Results: A total of 3,998 search results were retrieved by searching 12 vascular-related topics, of which 2,225 actual videos (55.7%) were finally confirmed to be related to medicine. Videos for the public accounted for 84.8% of these 2,225 videos. In addition, 50.5% of the video results were uploaded by vascular surgeons, 12.4% by other specialties, 17.7% by organizations, and 19.4% by other individuals. The total number of videos searched for varicose vein and peripheral vascular diseases was the largest, and the total number of leg amputation videos was the smallest. The largest number of videos for medical professionals was about pulmonary embolism, and the smallest was about leg amputation. On the first pages, 168 results (70.0%) were actually medically relevant, and only 7.7% of the videos were uploaded by vascular surgeons. Conclusion: On the Bilibili platform, videos about vascular diseases are extensive but not comprehensive. The videos uploaded by vascular surgeons are rare, and the results searched are not precise. The online presence of vascular surgeons needs to be improved, which may partially solve the problem of low-quality videos due to the lack of strict management and censorship.
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Neointimal hyperplasia is a persistent complication after vascular interventions, and it is also the leading cause of vascular graft restenosis and failure after arterial interventions, so novel treatment methods are needed to treat this complication. We hypothesized that adventitial injection of HA/SA hydrogel loaded with PLGA rapamycin nanoparticle (hydrogel-PLGA-rapamycin) could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in a rat aortic wire injury model. The HA/SA hydrogel was fabricated by the interaction of hyaluronic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA), and CaCO3; and loaded with PLGA rapamycin nanoparticle or rhodamine uniformly. A SD rat aortic wire injury induced neointimal hyperplasia model was developed, the control group only received wire injury, the adventitial application group received 10 µL hydrogel-PLGA-rapamycin after wire injury, and the adventitial injection group received 10 µL hydrogel-PLGA-rapamycin injected into the aortic adventitia after wire injury. Tissues were harvested at day 21 and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemical staining. Hydrogel loaded with rhodamine can be successfully injected into the aortic adventitia and was encapsuled by the adventitia. The hydrogel could be seen beneath the adventitia after adventitial injection but was almost degraded at day 21. There was a significantly thinner neointima in the adventitial application group and adventitial injection group compared to the control group (p = 0.0009). There were also significantly fewer CD68+ (macrophages) cells (p = 0.0012), CD3+ (lymphocytes) cells (p = 0.0011), p-mTOR+ cells (p = 0.0019), PCNA+ cells (p = 0.0028) in the adventitial application and adventitial injection groups compared to the control group. The endothelial cells expressed arterial identity markers (Ephrin-B2 and dll-4) in all these three groups. Adventitial injection of hydrogel-PLGA-rapamycin can effectively inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after rat aortic wire injury. This may be a promising drug delivery method and therapeutic choice to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after vascular interventions.
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Nanopartículas , Lesões do Sistema Vascular , Ratos , Animais , Neointima/tratamento farmacológico , Neointima/metabolismo , Neointima/patologia , Túnica Adventícia/metabolismo , Túnica Adventícia/patologia , Hiperplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Hialurônico/farmacologia , Sirolimo/metabolismo , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais , Hidrogéis , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , RodaminasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study explored seasonal and monthly variations of the incidence of acute aortic dissection (AAD). METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2021. Temporal variation in the incidence of AAD was analyzed including all studies analyzing seasonal and monthly aggregations. Then, we performed subgroup analyses according to the type of AAD. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted data. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies for a total of 128,101 patients were included. Our results showed that the incidence of AAD was highest in winter and lowest in summer. Regardless of type A or type B, the incidence of AAD was significantly higher in winter than in summer and autumn. Nonetheless, there was no significant difference between spring and winter, and between summer and autumn. Results may be limited by the quality of the included articles. However, in the sensitivity analysis that excluded low-quality studies, results did not change significantly. In addition, the pooled incidence was highest in January and lowest in August. CONCLUSIONS: Our data strongly support the presence of distribution patterns in the incidence of AAD, characterized by significantly higher risk in winter and in January. These distribution patterns of AAD incidence may help to develop better prevention strategies.
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Dissecção Aórtica , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecção Aórtica/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Estações do Ano , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Materials with crystalline structures of circular symmetry are rare in nature; however, they are highly desired in optical applications with structured lights, whose characteristics are of cylindrical symmetry. In this work, using a naturally existing circular anisotropy from a spherulite formed by molecular self-assembly, we obtain a cylindrical vector optical vortex beam generation transformed from the spin angular momentum in the wide visible range. The proposed strategy provides promising and broad opportunities for the applications of spherulites in the generation of structured lights and modulations of both the polarization and the angular momentum.
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BACKGROUND: The endovascular repair of juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (JAAA) usually requires combination treatment with various stent graft modifications to preserve side branch patency. As a feasible technique, according to the situation, antegrade in situ laser fenestration still needs to be improved. CASE SUMMARY: This report describes a case that was successfully treated with endovascular repair facilitated by antegrade in situ laser fenestration while maintaining renal arterial flow. Laser fenestration was performed using a steerable sheath positioned in the stent graft lumen in front of the renal artery ostium. With the bare stent region unreleased, renal artery perfusion could be maintained and accurate positioning could be achieved by angiography in real time. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the feasibility and short-term safety of this novel antegrade in situ laser fenestration technique for select JAAA patients.