FLASH radiotherapy: A new milestone in the field of cancer radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy plays a pivotal role in the control and eradication of tumors, but it can also induce radiation injury to surrounding normal tissues while targeting tumor cells. In recent years, FLASH-Radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has emerged as a cutting-edge research focus in the field of radiation therapy. By delivering high radiation doses to the treatment target in an ultra-short time, FLASH-RT produces the FLASH effect, which reduces the toxicity to normal tissues while achieving comparable tumor control efficacy to conventional radiotherapy. This review provides a brief overview of the development history of FLASH-RT and its impact on tumor control. Additionally, it focuses on introducing the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of this technology on various normal tissues, as well as exploring its synergistic effects when combined with other tumor therapies. Importantly, this review discusses the challenges faced in translating FLASH-RT into clinical practice and outlines its promising future applications.

Low-dose radiation therapy mobilizes antitumor immunity: New findings and future perspectives.

Radiotherapy has unique immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Although high-dose radiotherapy has been found to have systemic antitumor effects, clinically significant abscopal effects were uncommon on the basis of irradiating single lesion. Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) emerges as a novel approach to enhance the antitumor immune response due to its role as a leverage to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this article, from bench to bedside, we reviewed the possible immunomodulatory role of LDRT on TIME and systemic tumor immune environment, and outlined preclinical evidence and clinical application. We also discussed the current challenges when LDRT is used as a combination therapy, including the optimal dose, fraction, frequency, and combination of drugs. The advantage of low toxicity makes LDRT potential to be applied in multiple lesions to amplify antitumor immune response in polymetastatic disease, and its intersection with other disciplines might also make it a direction for radiotherapy-combined modalities.

MPTN: A message-passing transformer network for drug repurposing from knowledge graph.

Drug repurposing (DR) based on knowledge graphs (KGs) is challenging, which uses knowledge graph reasoning models to predict new therapeutic pathways for existing drugs. With the rapid development of computing technology and the growing availability of validated biomedical data, various knowledge graph-based methods have been widely used to analyze and process complex and novel data to discover new indications for given drugs. However, existing methods need to be improved in extracting semantic information from contextual triples of biomedical entities. In this study, we propose a message-passing transformer network named MPTN based on knowledge graph for drug repurposing. Firstly, CompGCN is used as precoder to jointly aggregate entity and relation embeddings. Then, to fully capture the semantic information of entity context triples, the message propagating transformer module is designed. The module integrates the transformer into the message passing mechanism and incorporates the attention weight information of computing entity context triples into the entity embedding to update the entity embedding. Next, the residual connection is introduced to retain information as much as possible and improve prediction accuracy. Finally, MPTN utilizes the InteractE module as the decoder to obtain heterogeneous feature interactions in entity and relation representations and predict new pathways for drug treatment. Experiments on two datasets show that the model is superior to the existing knowledge graph embedding (KGE) learning methods.

The utilization of single-cell sequencing technology in investigating the immune microenvironment of ccRCC.

The growth and advancement of ccRCC are strongly associated with the presence of immune infiltration and the tumor microenvironment, comprising tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells, vascular cells, myeloid-derived cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Nevertheless, as a result of the diverse and constantly evolving characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, prior advanced sequencing methods have frequently disregarded specific less prevalent cellular traits at varying intervals, thereby concealing their significance. The advancement and widespread use of single-cell sequencing technology enable us to comprehend the source of individual tumor cells and the characteristics of a greater number of individual cells. This, in turn, minimizes the impact of intercellular heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity of the same cell on experimental outcomes. This review examines the attributes of the tumor microenvironment in ccRCC and provides an overview of the progress made in single-cell sequencing technology and its particular uses in the current focus of immune infiltration in ccRCC.

The Influence Mechanism of Owners' Safety Management Behavior on Construction Workers' Safety Citizenship Behavior.

The safety citizenship behavior (SCB) of construction workers can improve project safety performance. This study explored how construction company owners' safety management behavior contributes to the development and encouragement of SCB. It combined the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) and Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theories to propose relevant hypotheses and develop a theoretical model to examine the effect of owners' safety management behavior on construction workers' SCB. Data from 534 construction workers were collected through questionnaires. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) were used for empirical analysis. It was found that the owner's safety management behavior positively affected the construction workers' SCB. In particular, work engagement played an intermediary role, while power distance exhibited a moderating effect. A few noteworthy findings are that proactive safety behavior is significantly positively influenced by organization and coordination, prosocial safety behavior is significantly positively influenced by safety funding investment, and high power distance is not always bad for construction workers' safety citizenship behavior. By determining the connection between owners' safety management behavior and construction workers' SCB, this study offered a fresh perspective on promoting construction workers' proactive behavior and put forward suggestions for owners to improve project safety management.

Potential value of mitochondrial regulatory pathways in the clinical application of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a machine learning-based study.

BACKGROUND: Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common cancer in urinary system with increasing incidence. At present, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the main therapeutic programs in clinical therapy. To develop novel drugs and provide new ideas for clinical therapy, the identification of potential ccRCC subtypes and potential target genes or pathways has become a current research focus. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial function in ccRCC. This regulatory pathway is closely related to tumor development and metastasis in ccRCC patients, and their abnormal changes may affect the prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, we decided to construct a prognostic model of ccRCC patients based on mitochondrial regulatory genes, aiming to provide new methods and ideas for clinical therapy. RESULT: The 5-year survival prediction model based on iterative LASSO reached 0.746, and the cox model based on coxph reached C-index = 0.77, integrated c/D AUC = 0.61, and integrated brier score = 0.14. The rsf model based on randomForestSRC was built with C-index = 0.82, integrated c/D AUC = 0.69, and integrated brier score = 0.11. The results show that mitochondrial regulatory pathway is a potential target pathway for clinical therapy of ccRCC, which can provide guidelines for clinical targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other first-line therapy.

Landscape pattern and ecosystem services are critical for protected areas' contributions to sustainable development goals at regional scale.

Protected areas are essential for the conservation of biodiversity, natural and cultural resources, and contribute to regional and global sustainable development. However, since authorities and stakeholders concern more on the conservation targets of protected areas, how to better evaluate the protected areas' contributions to sustainable development goals (SDGs) remains generally understudied. To fill this knowledge gap, we chose the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) as the study area, mapped the SDGs in 2010, 2015 and 2020, detecting the interactive relationships among SDGs. Then we used the landscape pattern indices and ecosystem service (ES) proxies to describe the characteristics of national nature reserves (NNRs), and explore the contributions of protected areas to SDGs using panel data models. The results showed that from 2010 to 2020, most cities of QTP improved their SDG scores to >60. The three cities with the best SDG performance improved their average scores by nearly 20 %. Among the 69 pairs correlations of SDG indicators, 13 synergies and 6 trade-offs were observed. About 65 % of the SDG indicators were significantly correlated with landscape pattern or ESs of NNRs. Carbon sequestration had a significant positive effect on 30 % of the SDG indicators, while habitat quality had a negative effect on 18 % of the SDG indicators. For the landscape pattern indices, the largest patch index had a significant positive effect on 18 % of the SDG indicators. This study highlighted that the ESs and landscape pattern could well quantify the contribution of protected areas to SDGs, which can provide essential implications for protected area management and regional sustainable development.

Integrative analysis of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and ecological vulnerability can facilitate improved spatial representation of nature reserves.

Understanding how to identify priority conservation areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for nature reserve (NR) optimization and regional planning. This study reports a regional assessment in Qinghai Province of China, quantifying the biodiversity and the provision of four ESs (carbon sequestration-net primary productivity (NPP), water yield, soil retention, and sandstorm prevention). The representativeness-vulnerability framework was employed to identify priority conservation areas for biodiversity and ESs, and the conservation gaps of existing NRs. The results show that the biodiversity, ES supply, and vulnerability of biodiversity and ESs to human activities present spatial heterogeneity. Except for sandstorm prevention, the high-value areas of ESs are generally in eastern or southern Qinghai. NPP, water yield, soil retention, and biodiversity are positively correlated (p < 0.01). The ten NRs in Qinghai only protected 5.59 %, 5.01 %, 4.29 %, 0.65 %, and 4.49 % of the priority conservation area for biodiversity, NPP, water yield, sandstorm prevention, and soil retention, respectively. Overall, a total of 170,932 km2 of theoretically comprehensive priority conservation areas for both biodiversity and ESs have been identified, which were mostly distributed in eastern, southern, and southeastern Qinghai. The existing NRs has notable conservation gaps (161,956 km2 accounting for 94.75 % of the targeted conservation areas) for both biodiversity and ESs. This study illuminates a strategy for strengthening both biodiversity and ESs through NR optimization, which is also applicable to other regions.

Multiple pressures and vegetation conditions shape the spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem services in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Human activities and environmental change can impact the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) as pressures. Understanding the mechanisms of these impacts is crucial to support ecological conservation and restoration policy and applications. In this study, we highlighted the contribution of vegetation to mitigating these impacts on ESs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) of China. First, we identified hot and cold spots of pressures from human activities and environmental factors and mapped the cumulative provision of five ESs (i.e., water yield, soil retention, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and landscape aesthetics). Then, we clustered these ESs into five bundles based on their supply level. Furthermore, structural equation modeling was used to quantify the pathways of multiple pressures on ESs. The results indicated that 1) for 2000, 2010 and 2019, the percentages of hot spots with high pressure were 28.88%, 27.59% and 45.66% respectively, with significant spatial heterogeneity from northwest to southeast; 2) both regions with high and low cumulative ES values experienced increased volatility; and 3) the joint effects of multiple pressures shaped ESs through pressure-ES (direct) and pressure-vegetation-ES (indirect) pathways. Specifically, precipitation had the largest positive effect on regulating services (rα ≥ 0.76), and landscape fragmentation had the largest negative effect on cultural services (-0.10 ≤ rα ≤ -0.07). Vegetation played an important role in modulating multiple pressures on ESs. This study contributes to ecosystem management by effectively coping with anthropogenic and environmental pressures and sustaining the supply of ESs, particularly in alpine and plateau regions.

Efficacy of Tai Chi on lower limb function of Parkinson's disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: At present, the effect of Tai Chi (TC) on lower limb function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on the influence of TC on lower limb function in PD patients. Methods: According to the PRISMA guidelines, seven databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and then extracted the characteristics of the included studies. The random effect model was adopted, and heterogeneity was measured by I 2 statistic. Results: A total of 441 articles were screened, and 10 high-quality RCTs were with a total of 532 patients with PD met Our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that compared To control groups TC improved several outcomes. TC significantly improved motor function (SMD = -0.70; 95% CI = -0.95, -0.45; p < 0.001; I 2 = 35%), although The results were not statistically significant for The subgroup analysis of TC duration (SMD = -0.70; 95% CI = -0.95, -0.45; p = 0.88; I 2 = 0%;). TC significantly improved balance function (SMD = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.51, 1.27; p < 0.001; I 2 = 54%), functional walking capacity (SMD = -1.24; 95% CI = -2.40, -0.09; p = 0.04; I 2 = 95%), and gait velocity (SMD = 0.48; 95% CI = -0.02, 0.94; p = 0.04; I 2 = 78%), But Did Not improve endurance (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI = -0.12, 0.75; p = 0.16; I 2 = 0%), step length (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.34, 0.37; p = 0.94; I 2 = 29%), and cadence (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = -0.25, 0.36; p = 0.70; I 2 = 0%). Conclusion: TC has beneficial effects on motor function, balance function, functional walking ability, and gait velocity, but does not improve walking endurance, stride length, and cadence.

Application of Linear Regression Model of Gpnmb Gene in Rat Injury Time Estimation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of injury time, postmortem interval (PMI) and postmortem storage temperature on mRNA expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (Gpnmb), and to establish a linear regression model between Gpnmb mRNA expression and injury time, to provide aimed at providing potential indexes for injury time estimation. METHODS: Test group SD rats were anesthetized and subjected to blunt contusion and randomly divided into 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20 h and 24 h groups after injury, with 18 rats in each group. After cervical dislocation, 6 rats in each group were collected and stored at 0 ℃, 16 ℃ and 26 ℃, respectively. The muscle tissue samples of quadriceps femoris injury were collected at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h postmortem at the same temperature. The grouping method and treatment method of the rats in the validation group were the same as above. The expression of Gpnmb mRNA in rat skeletal muscle was detected by RT-qPCR. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between Gpnmb mRNA expression and injury time, PMI, and postmortem storage temperature. SPSS 25.0 software was used to construct a linear regression model, and the validation group data was used for the back-substitution test. RESULTS: The expression of Gpnmb mRNA continued to increase with the prolongation of injury time, and the expression level was highly correlated with injury time (P<0.05), but had little correlation with PMI and postmortem storage temperature (P>0.05). The linear regression equation between injury time (y) and Gpnmb mRNA relative expression (x) was y=0.611 x+4.489. The back-substitution test proved that the prediction of the model was accurate. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Gpnmb mRNA is almost not affected by the PMI and postmortem storage temperature, but is mainly related to the time of injury. Therefore, a linear regression model can be established to infer the time of injury.

Assessment of Meteorological Variables and Air Pollution Affecting COVID-19 Cases in Urban Agglomerations: Evidence from China.

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a severe public health and social problem worldwide. A limitation of the existing literature is that multiple environmental variables have not been frequently elaborated, which is why the overall effect of the environment on COVID-19 has not been conclusive. In this study, we used generalized additive model (GAM) to detect the relationship between meteorological and air pollution variables and COVID-19 in four urban agglomerations in China and made comparisons among the urban agglomerations. The four urban agglomerations are Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MYR), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The daily rates of average precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and atmospheric pressure were selected as meteorological variables. The PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) contents were selected as air pollution variables. The results indicated that meteorological and air pollution variables tended to be significantly correlated. Moreover, the nature of the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and meteorological and air pollution variables (i.e., linear or nonlinear) varied with urban agglomerations. Among the variance explained by GAMs, BTH had the highest value (75.4%), while MYR had the lowest value (35.2%). The values of the YRD and PRD were between the above two, namely 45.6% and 62.2%, respectively. The findings showed that the association between SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological and air pollution variables varied in regions, making it difficult to obtain a relationship that is applicable to every region. Moreover, this study enriches our understanding of SARS-CoV-2. It is required to create awareness within the government that anti-COVID-19 measures should be adapted to the local meteorological and air pollution conditions.

Screening criteria of mRNA indicators for wound age estimation.

Wound age estimation is a crucial and challenging problem in forensic pathology. Although mRNA is the most commonly used indicator for wound age estimation, screening criteria are lacking. In the present study, the feasibility of screening criteria using mRNA to determine injury time based on the adenylate-uridylate-rich element (ARE) structure and gene ontology (GO) categories were evaluated. A total of 78 Sprague-Dawley male rats were contused and sampled at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 h after inflicting injury. The candidate mRNAs were classified based on with or without ARE structure and GO category function. The mRNA expression levels were detected using qRT-PCR. In addition, the standard deviation (STD), mean deviation (MD), relative average deviation (d%), and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated based on mRNA expression levels. The CV score (CVs) and the CV of CV (CV'CV) were calculated to measure heterogeneity. Finally, based on classic principles, the accuracy of combination of candidate mRNAs was assessed using discriminant analysis to construct a multivariate model for inferring wound age. The results of homogeneity evaluation of each group based on CVs were consistent with the MD, STD, d%, and CV results, indicating the credibility of the evaluation results based on CVs. The candidate mRNAs without ARE structure and classified as cellular component (CC) GO category (ARE-CC) had the highest CVs, showing the mRNAs with these characteristics are the most homogenous mRNAs and best suited for wound age estimation. The highest accuracy was 91.0% when the mRNAs without ARE structure were used to infer the wound age based on the discrimination model. The accuracy of mRNAs classified into CC or multiple function (MF) GO category was higher than mRNAs in the biological process (BP) category. In all subgroups, the accuracy of the composite identification model of mRNA composition without ARE structure and classified as CC was higher than other subgroups. The mRNAs without ARE structure and belonging to the CC GO category were more homogenous, showed higher accuracy for estimating wound age, and were appropriate for rat skeletal muscle wound age estimation. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1986770 .

Driving factors of carbon emissions in China's municipalities: a LMDI approach.

China, as the world's largest carbon dioxide emitter, is bound to assume the important responsibility of energy conservation and emission reduction. To this end, each city, led by representative municipalities, must enhance efforts in carbon emission reduction to jointly realize China's low-carbon transition. Taking four representative municipalities, namely, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing as the case cities, this paper establishes a decomposition analysis for the driving factors of carbon emissions by applying the LMDI method covering data from 2007 to 2017. Kaya identity is used to decompose the effects into eight driving factors: GDP effect, industrial structure effect, energy intensity effect, overall energy structure effect, population effect, urbanization effect, per capita energy consumption effect, urban and rural energy structure effect. The results show that at the municipality level, the driving factors that contribute to carbon emissions are the GDP growth effect and the population effect, with the former still being the most important factor in the municipalities with faster economic growth; and industrial structure effect is the most important factor that inhibits carbon emissions, followed by energy structure effect. This paper considers the driving factors of both the production side and the residential consumption side from the city level. The research reveals the main driving factors that effect the carbon emissions of megacities in developing countries, and highlights the leading role of megacities in terms of carbon emission reduction in China and even the world. The paper thereby puts forward policy implications for China's economic policies.

Doxorubicin suppresses chondrocyte differentiation by stimulating ROS production.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as an effective chemotherapy agent in human cancer. Our study aimed to explore the specific mechanism of DOX in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: A mouse OA model was established by destabilizing the medial meniscus (DMM), and the role of DOX was determined by intraperitoneally injecting 5 or 10 mg/kg DOX. The expression of collagen type-II (Col-2) was detected by immunohistochemistry staining, and the expression of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-1beta (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (TNF-α) was evaluated by specific ELISA kits, and the expression of Sry-related HMG box 9 (SOX-9) was detected by western blot. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were used to explore the mechanism of DOX in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by flow cytometry. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Chondrocyte differentiation was evaluated by Alcian blue staining assay. The expression of chondrocyte differentiation-related markers was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: DOX exposure exacerbated OA progression and inhibited chondrocyte differentiation of BMMSCs. DOX also increased ROS production in BMMSCs. Meanwhile, DOX further increased the elevation of plasma IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α induced by DMM and obviously reduced the expression of chondrocyte differentiation-related markers, including collagen type II a1 (Col2A1), collagen type X alpha 1 (Col10A1), and aggrecan. Moreover, ROS scavengers NAC and MitoQ efficiently alleviated DOX toxicity, including ROS production and chondrocyte differentiation in BMMSCs. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that DOX suppressed chondrocyte differentiation by stimulating ROS production, providing a novel theoretical strategy for the clinical treatment of OA caused by DOX.

Sports medicine to reduce obesity body fat rate and promote health research / Medicina do esporte na redução da taxa de gordura corporal na obesidade e promoção de pesquisas na saúde / Medicina del deporte en la reducción de la tasa de grasa corporal en obesidad y promoción de investigaciones en la salud

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with excessive accumulation of body fat, exceeding the normal health level and affecting the physiological functioning of the body. Objective: To establish an obesity evaluation standard closely related to health based on sports medicine indexes, and to provide a new theory and method for the formulation of an obesity evaluation standard in China. Methods: Height, weight, skin fold thickness (shoulder, arm) and medical indexes (SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL, INS) of 108 female subjects in a city were tested by means of anthropometry, experiment, and mathematical statistics. All the selected medical indicators were evaluated according to clinical medical standards. Results: the body mass index of 108 women was positively correlated with such medical indexes as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin and so on (P<0.05~0.01). Conclusions: The correlation between medical indexes and BMI is high, and the abnormal rate increases with the increase in the level of obesity. Clinical indicators can be used as an important scientific basis for the establishment of obesity evaluation criteria. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença crônica em que há acumulo excessivo de gordura corporal, excedendo o nível saudável normal e afetando o funcionamento fisiológico do corpo. Objetivo: Estabelecer uma avaliação padrão de obesidade estritamente relacionada a saúde com base nos índices de medicina do esporte, e fornecer uma nova teoria e novo método para a formulação de uma avaliação padrão de obesidade na China. Métodos: Altura, peso, espessura de dobras cutâneas (ombro, braço) e índices médicos (PSS, PSD, TC, HDL, INS) de 108 sujeitos do sexo feminino, moradoras de uma cidade, foram tomados por meio de antropometria, experimentos e estatísticas matemáticas. Todos os indicadores médicos selecionados foram avaliados de acordo com padrões médicos clínicos. Resultados: o índice de massa corporal de 108 mulheres se correlaciona com índices médicos como pressão sanguínea sistólica, pressão sanguínea diastólica, triglicerídeos, alta densidade de colesterol lipoproteico, insulina e assim por diante (P<0.05~0.01). Conclusões: A correlação entre índices médicos e o IMC é alta e a taxa anormal aumenta com o aumento no grau de obesidade. Indicadores clínicos podem ser usados como base cientifica importante para o estabelecimento de critérios de avaliação de obesidade. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica en que hay acúmulo excesivo de grasa corporal, excediendo el nivel saludable normal y afectando el funcionamiento fisiológico del cuerpo. Objetivo: Establecer una evaluación estándar de obesidad estrictamente relacionada a la salud con base en los índices de medicina del deporte, y brindar una nueva teoría y método para la formulación de una evaluación estándar de obesidad en China. Métodos: Altura, peso, espesor de pliegues cutáneos (hombro, brazo) e índices médicos (PSS, PSD, TC, HDL, INS) de 108 sujetos del sexo femenino, residentes de una ciudad, se tomaron por medio de antropometría, experimentos y estadísticas matemáticas. Todos los indicadores médicos seleccionados se evaluaron de acuerdo a patrones médicos clínicos. Resultados: El índice de masa corporal de 108 mujeres se correlaciona a índices médicos como presión sanguínea sistólica, presión sanguínea diastólica, triglicéridos, colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad, insulina y así sucesivamente (P<0.05~0.01). Conclusiones: La correlación entre índices médicos y el IMC es alta y la tasa anormal aumenta con el aumento en el grado de obesidad. Indicadores clínicos pueden usarse como base científica importante para el establecimiento de criterios de evaluación de obesidad. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Study on HOXBs of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Detection of New Molecular Target.

Our study examined the transcriptional and survival data of HOXBs in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from the ONCOMINE database, Human Protein Atlas, and STRING website. We discovered that the expression levels of HOXB3/5/6/8/9 were significantly lower in ccRCC than in normal nephritic tissues. In ccRCC, patients with a high expression of HOXB2/5/6/7/8/9 mRNA have a higher overall survival (OS) than patients with low expression. Further analysis by the GSCALite website revealed that the methylation of HOXB3/5/6/8 in ccRCC was significantly negatively correlated to gene expression, while HOXB5/9 was positively correlated to the CCT036477 drug target. As DNA abnormal methylation is one of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that HOXB5/6/8/9 are potential therapeutic targets for patients with ccRCC. We analyzed the function of enrichment data of HOXBs in patients with ccRCC from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment and the PANTHER pathway. The results of the analysis show that the function of HOXBs might be associated with the Wnt pathway and that HOXB5/6/8/9 was coexpressed with multiple Wnt pathway classical genes and proteins, such as MYC, CTNNB, Cyclin D1 (CCND1), and tumor protein P53 (TP53), which further confirms that HOXBs inhibit the growth of renal carcinoma cells through the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, our analysis of the family of HOXBs and their molecular mechanism may provide a theoretical basis for further research.

Effects of amendments on the bioavailability, transformation and accumulation of heavy metals by pakchoi cabbage in a multi-element contaminated soil.

This study aims to assess the effect of green waste compost (GWC), biochar (BC) and humic acid (HA) amendments of an alkaline heavy metal-contaminated soil. In this study, amendments with GWC, GWC + BC and GWC + HA were applied to the heavy metal-contaminated soil in four application rates (0, 1, 2 and 5%), and was aimed at substantially mitigating the bioavailability of heavy metals for pakchoi cabbage from the sewage irrigation soils. The addition of different ratios of amendments can increase the pH of the soil by 0.11-0.30 units and also increase the organic matter content by 3.1-35.1%. The concentration of available arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in the CaCl2 extract was decreased effectively by all the amendments, except for the increase in the available concentration of As by compost-humic acid (T8) in the soil. Compared with the control, the CaCl2 extractable Cd was decreased by 33-48% after the addition of different ratios of amendments in the soil. Moreover, by increasing the content of compost and compost-biochar in combinations, easily exchangeable fractions of As, Cd, Zn and Cu were decreased, while the oxidation fraction and residual fractions were increased. When the soil amendments were applied, fresh weight of the root and shoot increased by 29-63% and 39-85%, respectively. Cd concentration in the roots and shoots of the pakchoi cabbage decreased by 21-44% and 26-53%, respectively, after adding different ratios of amendments. All the amendments were effective in reducing the Cd, Zn and Cu uptake by the roots and shoots of the pakchoi cabbage, and simultaneously reduce the absorption of As in the roots of pakchoi cabbage. As soil amendments, GWC alone or GWC + BC/GWC + HA application can significantly reduce the heavy metal levels in pakchoi cabbage while increasing the biomass production and higher application rate is more effective than the lower application rate.

Integrating vegetation suitability in sustainable revegetation for the Loess Plateau, China.

Revegetation is accelerating globally due to its benefits for ecosystem restoration, desertification prevention, and climate change mitigation. The Loess Plateau has suffered serious erosion in the past decades, and revegetation projects, such as those under the 'Grain for Green' program, have been conducted for soil erosion prevention. The irrational distribution of artificial plantations had negative consequences, including vegetation degradation, soil drying, and decreases in streamflow. Determining the suitable plant species is critical in guiding the design of revegetation programs and may help delimit the suitable boundaries for artificial plantations. In this study, we used an eco-hydrological model to quantify the suitability of two typical revegetation species (Robinia pseudoacacia and Stipa bungeana) using a developed vegetation suitability equation, which estimates the water use/water stress trade-off. The results showed that R. pseudoacacia was more sensitive to water stress than S. bungeana. The water use of both species varied along the precipitation gradient, and S. bungeana generally had a higher water use than R. pseudoacacia. Suitable areas for R. pseudoacacia were mainly located in the northeastern part of the plateau. By overlaying the suitable boundaries for R. pseudoacacia on the current land cover, we found that the area of forests distributed in unsuitable regions reached 7.31% of the entire Loess Plateau. Converting forests beyond the suitable boundary to grasslands would increase the water yield (0.51%-12.23%) and slightly decrease the soil retention capacity (0.01%-0.08%), resulting in a 'win-win' situation for sustainable plant-soil ecosystems and soil-water conservations. Additionally, the suitable area of R. pseudoacacia is predicted to shrink under projected future drying trends. In conclusion, vegetation suitability in the future planning and design of revegetation projects should be considered to effectively tackle the impacts of environmental degradation and climate change in the Loess Plateau.