[Preliminary results of the Russia (St.Petersburg)/WHO program for the evaluation of the effectiveness of breast self-examination]. / Promezhutochnye rezul'taty programmy Rocciia (Sankt-Peterburg)/VOZ po otsenke éffektivnosti samoobsledovaniia molochnykh zhelez.

Although an absolute difference of 10% (65,4 vs. 54,9%) in 5- and 9-year survival in breast cancer patients was recorded between the self-examination and control groups a large-scale randomized population-controlled study of 122,471 females has failed to provide significant differences (Log-rank - 0,774, p > 0.05). No significant decrease in mortality was observed in the self-examination group as compared with the untrained controls. As a result of providing more information to the population on risk factors. twice as many of the trained females consulted oncologists. Also, the number of early detection of breast tumor (T1-2NOMO) in both groups was 1,5-2,5 times that recorded elsewhere. Since 3,55 per 1,000 patients with breast tumors per year, aged 50-59, died of cardio-vascular disease, i.e. 3,1 times the expected 1,16 per 1,000, more attention should be focused on timely diagnosis and treatment of concomitant cardio-vascular pathology.

[The risk factors for breast cancer (a prospective controlled study)]. / Faktory riska raka molochnoi zhelezy (prospektivnoe kontroliruemoe issledovanie).

Preliminary results of a prospective study of known risk factors for breast cancer are discussed in the paper. The study included 42,785 females aged 40-64 years who were followed for 2-5 years (mean--3.1 years). Within this period, 146 cases of breast cancer were registered. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the relative risk (RR) of breast cancer was established for females aged over 50 (50-59 years--RR-1.4; 95% CI--1.0-2.0 and 60-64 years-RR--2.4; 95% CI 1.6-3.7), overweight patients (RR--1.5; 95% CI--1.1-2.1), subjects who developed menopause after the age of 50 (RR--1.6; 95% CI--1.1-2.2) and those with a ten-year or longer history of liver or bile ducts pathologies (RR--1.7; 95% CI--1.1-2.7). The role of certain factors differed significantly in different age groups. At the age of 40-49 years, the RR of breast cancer rose significantly for overweight subjects (RR--2.0; 95% CI--1.2-3.4) and those with liver pathologies (RR--2.5; 95% CI--1.3-4.6), at the age of 50-59-for subjects with late (after the age of 50) menopause (RR--2.0; 95% CI--1.2-3.4) and at the age of 60-64 years-for nulligravidae (RR--2.8; 95% CI--1.1-6.8).

[A method for determining the centric jaw relation taking into account the muscle function of the maxillofacial area]. / Metod opredeleniia tsentral'nogo sootnosheniia cheliustei s uchetom funktsii myshts cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

The technique is designed to assess the height of occlusion using a new device which includes sensors to measure the strength of jaw occlusion as related to the interalveolar distance. The interalveolar distance corresponding to the first maximal load recorded in forced occlusion is assumed to represent the height of occlusion of central relationship of jaws. This technique is useful to avoid errors inherent to the anatomicophysiological technique and provides the optimal conditions for the activity of maxillofacial muscles. This increases the functional validity of dentures fabricated with the new device.