Radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension of the mandible in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a matched cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) of mandibular cortical bone and fractal dimension (FD) of trabecular bone of individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and compare the findings to those of individuals without OI. METHODS: Digital panoramic radiographs of 20 individuals with OI (case group) and 40 individuals without OI (control group) were examined. The RMIs of mandibular cortical index (MCI) and mandibular cortical thickness (MCT) were analyzed. FD of mandibular trabecular bone was calculated bilaterally in 3 regions. The chi-squared test and paired t test were used to compare the significance of differences between the groups. The effect size and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were also determined. Significance was established at P < .05. RESULTS: Categories C2 and C3 of the MCI were more frequent in individuals with OI (P < .001). The Mean MCT was 2.08 ± 0.79 in the OI case group and 2.91 ± 0.60 in the control group (P < .001). Mean FD in the condylar region was significantly lower in the OI case group (P = .002). The effect size for these 2 measures was large, and the difference between groups was greater than the MCID. CONCLUSION: Radiographs of individuals with OI exhibited more porosity and diminished thickness of the mandibular cortical bone and lower FD values in the condylar trabecular bone.

Monitoreo domiciliario de presión arterial y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en jóvenes estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú / Monitoring of blood pressure at home and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young medical students of a private university in Lima, Peru

Objetivo: Describir los niveles de presión arterial (PA) mediante el monitoreo domiciliario de la presión arterial (MDPA) y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC) en un grupo de jóvenes estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de un grupo de estudiantes de medicina entre 18 y 23 años de edad, en quienes se midió la PA aplicando la técnica del MDPA. Los participantes llenaron un cuestionario para recolección de datos demográfico-epidemiológicos y de estilos de vida. Adicionalmente, se realizó la evaluación antropométrica correspondiente. Resultados: Se incluyeron 46 estudiantes de medicina de ambos sexos, voluntarios, que cursaban el segundo año de Medicina. Una participante mujer tenía diagnóstico previo de hipertensión arterial esencial (HTA). La frecuencia de HTA fue 4,3%. El 26,1% presentó sobrepeso, predominante en varones. Obesidad abdominal se presentó en 45,7%, y obesidad abdominal ajustada para la edad (OAAE) en 65,2% de mujeres y 52,2% de varones. Los varones tuvieron mayores niveles de PA. El 66,7% de participantes con sobrepeso y el 100% de obesos eran sedentarios. Los participantes con sobrepeso tuvieron mayor promedio de presión arterial sistólica (PPAS) (p < 0,05), comparado con los de índice de masa corporal (IMC) normal. Se obtuvo regresión lineal significativa entre PPAS y perímetro cervical, y la circunferencia de cintura (CCI). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de HTA encontrada no fue despreciable. FRC como sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal y sedentarismo se presentaron en importante porcentaje. El MDPA se debería introducir en estudios futuros sobre HTA. (AU)

Objective: To describe blood pressure (BP) values monitored at home (MAH) and to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) in young medical students of a private university in Lima, Peru. Methods: Descriptive study of medical students between 18 and 23 years of age who filled-in a questionnaire on epidemiologic and life style data. An anthropometric evaluation was performed as well. Results: 46 students of the second year at the Medical School were recruited. One participant had high BP previously. Prevalence of high BO was 4.3%; 26.1% had overweight, mostly in males. Abdominal obesity was seen in 45.7% and abdominal obesity adjusted by age was seen in 65.2% of females and in 52.2% of males. Males had higher BP values; 66.7% of overweight and 100% of obese participants were sedentary. Over weighted participants had higher mean BP levels (p<0.05) compared to those with normal body weight. A linear regression was observed between mean BP values and cervical perimeter and abdominal circumference. Conclusions: Frequency of high BP found was not predictable. CRF such as overweight, abdominal obesity and sedentarism were prevalent in this population. BP-MAH should be introduced in future studies of high BP. (AU)