Lessons from Self-Assessment of Post-Rhinoplasty Complaints; Analysis of 192 Candidates of Secondary Rhinoplasty.

Background: Rhinoplasty as the most common aesthetic surgical operations aims to correct deformities of the different structures of the nose with each case its own challenges. We aimed to highlight the importance of self-assessment for rhino surgeons. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was done on 192 patients in Ordibehesht Hospital, Isfahan, Iran from April 2017 to Jun 2021. candidate for secondary rhinoplasty, with mandatory aesthetic and optional functional purposes, having previously undergone rhinoplasty with the same or another surgeon. Patients with initial rhinoplasty by the first author were assigned to group 1 (n=102) and the patients who were operated by the other surgeons were in the group 2 (n=90). Data were collected using an author made checklist divided into three parts: overall demographic questions, questions about the patients' aesthetic and functional complaints and objective evaluation by the surgeon. Results: The most frequent reported complaints led to their current rhinoplasty were about the nasal tip with 161 cases (83.9%), upper nasal part with 98 cases (51%) and mid-nose (middle nose) with 81 cases (42.2%). Besides, respiratory problem was observed in 58 patients (30.2%). Surgeon's skill was significantly associated with occurrence of these two complaints; so that these two complaints were more common in group2 than group1 (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Such assessments resulted to improve the surgical outcomes due to finding the more prevalent problems in own patients than the other surgeons' patients and determining the reasons that leads to change the techniques with regard to the researches and consulting with the colleagues.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway modulation by circular RNAs in breast cancer progression.

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is responsible for many cellular behaviors, including survival, growth, and proliferation. A newly identified RNA, circular RNA (circRNA), plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. The upregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway through dysregulated circRNAs promotes breast tumor initiation, growth, and progression. The dysregulation of PI3K/Akt-regulating circRNAs seems to be directly correlated with breast cancer clinical features, including overall survival, tumor size, cancer stage, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, targeting these circRNAs may be a promising option in cancer-targeted therapy. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the circRNA-PI3K/AKT axis may give the insight to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for breast cancer therapy. Here we reviewed the expression and functions of PI3K/AKT-regulating circRNAs, and their correlation with breast cancer clinical features. In addition, the potential of PI3K/AKT-regulating circRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets was discussed.

Evaluation of Lateral Crura Divergence Angle of Iranian Candidates for Primary Rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Cephalic malposition of the lower lateral cartilages is a common nasal anatomic variation. Knowing the range of lateral crura (LC) divergence angle in Iranian population can help Middle East plastic surgeons. This study aimed to determine LC divergence angle of candidates for primary rhinoplasty in Iranian population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 256 candidates for primary rhinoplasty from November 2017 through May 2018. Two sides of LC divergence angle were measured intraoperatively by a researcher-made device. RESULTS: Totally, 211 female and 45 male patients with the mean age of 29.9±6.51 years were recruited. The mean LC divergence angle was 35.86±4.74° (between 20-50°). The mean LC divergence angle was 35.11° and 36.02° in male and females, respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. In addition, there was no significant correlation between LC divergence angle and age. LC divergence angle had normal distribution and about 68% of the LC divergence angle were within one standard deviation of the mean (i.e. 32 to 40 degree). CONCLUSION: In 16% of studied people, the divergence angle of the lateral crus of the lower lateral cartilage was lower than 32° and was considered as malposition.

Demographic Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Rhinoplasty: A Single Center Two-Time-Period Comparison.

BACKGROUND: One of the most common cosmetic surgeries is rhinoplasty. Iran has the highest rate of rhinoplasty, worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of patients' undergone rhinoplasty during two-time-period with a 10-year-interval in a single surgical center in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: In a retrospective study, data of the patients who were scheduled for elective rhinoplasty including their age and gender in two-time-period (2005 and 2015) were collected and compared. RESULTS: Data of the 470 and 472 patients' undergone elective primary rhinoplasty during 2005 and 2015 were collected, respectively. In 2005, the age range of patients was 16-51 years. Frequency of patients aged less than 20 years and more than 40 years was 27.1% and 3%, respectively. In 2015, the age range of patients was 16-59 years. Frequency of patients aged less than 20 years and more than 40 years was 12.9% and 5.6%, respectively. Patients in the two studied periods were similar regarding gender, but the mean age of patients had a significant increase during the time. CONCLUSION: Most of our patients were female and the female to male ratio was similar in two studied periods, but it seems that rhinoplasty request is higher in older age in recent years. It is recommended to plan a trend study and more studies considering other factors to be effective in epidemiologic feature of rhinoplasty in our community.