[The investigation of the safety, genetic stability and immunogenicity of live influenza vaccine for adults in vaccination of 3-6 years old children]. / Izuchenie bezvrednosti, geneticheskoi stabil'nosti i immunogennosti zhivoi grippoznoi vaktsiny dlia vzroslykh pri vaktsinatsii detei 3-6 let.

The study of the based on the A/Leningrad/134/17/57/(H2N2) attenuated adult live influenza vaccine (LIV) investigated features for immunization of the children, aged 3-6 years. During autumn, 1999, out of 256 children, aged 3-6 years, residents of the Leningrad region, who attended the kindergarten, 184 children were immunized with 1 or 2 doses of the live influenza vaccine, and 72 ones were given placebo. There were no any moderate or strong temperature reactions revealed after the inoculation. The LIV was shown to be genetically stable. After a single dose of the vaccine seroconversion to influenza type A virus and to influenza type B virus was observed respectively in 58% and in 39% of seronegative 3-6 year old vaccinees. The twofold LIV administration failed to give any advantages in stimulation of the immune response. During 6 months after immunization the morbidity rate in vaccinees did not exceed the morbidity rate in unvaccinated children. Thus LIV for adults proved safe and immunogenic and can be recommended for single dose immunization both of adults and children.

[The evaluation of the reactogenicity, harmlessness and prophylactic efficacy of Grippol trivalent polymer-subunit influenza vaccine administered to schoolchildren]. / Otsenka reaktogennosti, bezvrednosti i profilakticheskoi éffektivnosti grippoznoi trivalentnoi polimer-sub''edinichnoi vaktsiny "Grippol" pri vvedenii detiam shkol'nogo vozrasta.

Vaccine "Grippol"--has been developed at the State Research Center--Institute of Immunology. The preparation belongs to new generation vaccines and is a trivalent polymer-subunit vaccine containing the sterile conjugate of influenza virus surface proteins, types A and B, bound with copolymer polyoxidonium. The administration of "Grippol" to children of school age (6-18 years) demonstrated low reactogenicity of the vaccine, its safety and sufficient prophylactic effectiveness. During observations on total morbidity (with the exception of influenza and acute respiratory diseases) no side effects produced by "Grippol" were registered. At the same time the fact that the morbidity rate of upper respiratory tract disease in the group of children immunized with the vaccine decreased in comparison with the control group (by 2.4 times) cannot be disregarded.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of influenza trivalent polymer subunit vaccine "Grippol"]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti grippoznoi trivalentnoi polimer-sub"edinichnoi vaktsiny "grippol".

Influenza polymer-subunit vaccine "Grippol", made up of the sterile conjugate of surface proteins of influenza viruses, groups A and B, with polyoxidonium (copolymer), was obtained at the State Scientific Centre of Research Institute of Immunology. As the result of our investigations, the coefficient of prophylactic effectiveness of vaccine "Grippol" was found to be 71%; in the presence of the 50% immune stratum in the group the coefficient of antiepidemic protection was found to be 66.4%. At the same time, cases of influenza and acute respiratory diseases were shown to take a milder form in persons immunized with vaccine "Grippol" than in the group of nonimmunized subjects. The results of this investigation did not show any side effects caused by the vaccine.

[Prophylactic effectiveness of a live recombinant influenza type A vaccine in immunizing children aged 3-14 years]. / Profilakticheskaia éffektivnost' zhivoi grippoznoi rekombinantnoi vaktsiny tipa A pri immunizatsii detei 3-14 let.

Children aged 3 to 14 were immunized with live recombinant influenza A vaccine; about 120,000 children were followed up for 6 months. Analysis of the morbidity (excepting ARVI and influenza) of the immunized and control groups permitted a conclusion about the safety of the preparation. The protective index of vaccine efficacy during influenza epidemic caused by A/Taiwan/1/86(H1N1) virus was 1.3 to 1.42. Live recombinant influenza vaccine is recommended for public health to be used for protection of children aged 3 to 14 from influenza.

[The dependence of determining the hemagglutinin content by SRID on the test system used and on the detergent]. / Zavisimost' opredeleniia soderzhaniia gemaggliutinina metodom ORID ot ispol'zuemoi test-sistemy i detergents.

The assay systems for single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) represented by standard reagents of antigens and monospecific antisera to A and B influenza virus haemagglutinin and prepared in two different countries were used for elucidation of the influence of monospecific antisera and some ionic and nonionic detergents on the determination of hemagglutinin content in the homologous (antigen and antiserum from the same country) and heterologous (antigen and antiserum from different countries) assay systems. A high specificity of SRD reaction excluding substitution of antiserum from one country for analogous preparation from another as well as detergent interchangeability were shown.

[The inoculation properties of live recombinant influenza vaccine types A and B used separately and jointly in children 3 to 14]. / Privivochnye svoistva zhivoi grippoznoi rekombinantnoi vaktsiny tipov A i B pri razdel'nom i sovmestnom primenenii detiam 3--14 let.

The reactogenicity and immunizing activity of vaccine influenza virus A (H1N1) and B strains used as mono- and bi-preparations in children of 3 to 14 years was studied. No increased reactogenicity after the use of bivaccine was observed in the children. Febrile reactions as well as 9 other clinical symptoms which could indicate the reactogenicity of the vaccines were identical for mono- and bivaccine and corresponded to the requirements of the technical documents for the vaccine. The optimal conditions for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of the B component by HI test were developed, and the necessity of using additionally the enzyme immunoassay for this purpose is substantiated. The above method demonstrated that the immunogenicity of the live influenza type A and B vaccine was high in children. No significant inhibition of immunological parameters was observed when the two viruses were combined in the bivaccine.

[A comparative study of the inoculation properties of live recombinant and inactivated influenza vaccines made from strain A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2) in 8- to 15-year-old children]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie privivochnykh svoistv zhivoi rekombinantnoi i inaktivirovannoi grippoznykh vaktsin iz shtamma A/Filippiny/2/82 (H3N2) u detei 8--15 let.

This study was carried out to compare reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines prepared from influenza A/Philippines/2/82-like virus strains. Schoolchildren of a boarding school of Moscow were randomly divided into three groups: (1) vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine, (2) vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine, and (3) given placebo. Both vaccines were well tolerated by the children, with practically no severe general or local reactions. The inactivated vaccine was found to be superior to the live one in its capacity to stimulate humoral immunity studied by HI, EIA, and microneutralization tests. In 69.7% of the children given the inactivated vaccine, seroconversion to the vaccine strain was detected by two or three methods of antibody titration used. Only 35.4% seroconversions were demonstrated in children immunized with the live influenza vaccine. Enzyme immunoassay was found to be a more sensitive but less specific method for antibody titration as compared with HI test whereas microneutralization proved to be more specific but less sensitive for titration of antibodies to influenza A (H3N2) viruses.

[The use of the Soviet detergents dezintegron-O and dezintegron-B for the solubilization of influenza virus glycoproteins]. / Ispol'zovanie otechestvennykh detergentov dezintegrona-O i dezintegrona-B dlia soliubilizatsii glikoproteidov virusa grippa.

Native detergents, desintegron-O-and desintegron-B, solubilize hemagglutinins of the influenza virus as intensively, as foreign drugs (mulgophen, zwittergent and sodium sarcozyl) do. This permits recommending desintegrons for quantitative determination of hemagglutinin of the influenza virus in virus-containing materials by means of the reaction of single radial immunodiffusion. Desintegron-O and desintegron-B permit extracting enzymatically active neuraminidase from influenza A viruses with 44.6-83.4% yield.

[Results of a study of new preparations of inactivated whole-virion influenza vaccines for the protection of children in the USSR]. / Itogi izucheniia novykh preparatov grippoznykh inaktivirionnykh vaktsin dlia zashchity detei v SSSR.

The safety, reactogenic properties and antigenic potency of inactivated whole-virion influenza vaccines produced in the USSR were studied on 1,117 schoolchildren in limited coded clinico-immunological observations. Inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine obtained from strain A/Texas/1/77 (H3N2) and a variant of this vaccine, developed specially for children and obtained from strains A/Texas/1/77 and B/Leningrad/76, were used for immunization. Both preparations were introduced intradermally in a single injection in a volume of 0.1-0.2 ml by means of bi-3 jet injector. The content of hemagglutinin in this volume varied from 3.0 to 8.0 micrograms. Clinico-laboratory investigations demonstrated the safety of mono- and bivalent inactivated whole-virion influenza vaccine administered intradermally in a single injection to children of school age. The vaccines showed low reactogenicity and high antigenic potency in children aged 7-10 and 11-14 years, and the optimal doses of the preparations were selected for children of different age groups. The distinct prophylactic effectiveness of inactivated chemical chromatographic influenza vaccines in children aged 11-14 years was revealed 11 months after immunization, the index of immunological effectiveness being 1.7.

[Host proteins in purified concentrations of the influenza virus]. / Izuchenie belkov khoziaina v ochishchennykh kontsentratsiiakh virusa.

A comparative study of three methods for purification and concentration of influenza virus (adsorption on and elution from formalin-treated erythrocytes, sorption method, and purification on nuclear filters) demonstrated a significant decreased in ovalbumin content. By this criterion, all the three methods of preliminary purification yield the final preparation with a similar ovalbumin content. A more detailed study of the protein composition of influenza virus concentrates showed purification by elution from formalin-treated erythrocytes to remove greated amounts of protein admixtures. Electrophoregrams of virus concentrates produced by the adsorption method using macropore glass 8000 revealed a protein which passed into the virus suspension in sufficiently large amounts. This protein was identified as conalbumin.

[Changes in the population composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the humoral immune response of persons inoculated with live influenza vaccines]. / Izmeneniia populiatsionnogo sostava limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi i gumoral'nyi immunnyi otvet u lits, privitykh zhivymi grippoznymi vaktsinami.

Live influenza vaccines prepared from influenza virus strains H/32/5 (H1N1) and H/1/2/17 (H3N2) induce the formation of humoral immunity only in a part of the vaccinees and cause the transitory quantitative deficiency of T-lymphocytes in their blood, resulting in the poorly pronounced booster effect of the subsequent revaccination.