The validation study on a three-dimensional burn estimation smart-phone application: accurate, free and fast?

BACKGROUND: Accurate total body surface area burned (TBSAB) estimation is a crucial aspect of early burn management. It helps guide resuscitation and is essential in the calculation of fluid requirements. Conventional methods of estimation can often lead to large discrepancies in burn percentage estimation. We aim to compare a new method of TBSAB estimation using a three-dimensional smart-phone application named 3D Burn Resuscitation (3D Burn) against conventional methods of estimation-Rule of Palm, Rule of Nines and the Lund and Browder chart. METHODS: Three volunteer subjects were moulaged with simulated burn injuries of 25%, 30% and 35% total body surface area (TBSA), respectively. Various healthcare workers were invited to use both the 3D Burn application as well as the conventional methods stated above to estimate the volunteer subjects' burn percentages. RESULTS: Collective relative estimations across the groups showed that when used, the Rule of Palm, Rule of Nines and the Lund and Browder chart all over-estimated burns area by an average of 10.6%, 19.7%, and 8.3% TBSA, respectively, while the 3D Burn application under-estimated burns by an average of 1.9%. There was a statistically significant difference between the 3D Burn application estimations versus all three other modalities (p < 0.05). Time of using the application was found to be significantly longer than traditional methods of estimation. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D Burn application, although slower, allowed more accurate TBSAB measurements when compared to conventional methods. The validation study has shown that the 3D Burn application is useful in improving the accuracy of TBSAB measurement. Further studies are warranted, and there are plans to repeat the above study in a different centre overseas as part of a multi-centre study, with a view of progressing to a prospective study that compares the accuracy of the 3D Burn application against conventional methods on actual burn patients.

Social implications for persons 5-10 years after spinal cord injury.

One hundred and seventy four persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI) were treated in the rehabilitation centre 'De Hoogstraat' in Utrecht, The Netherlands, between 1980 and 1985. One hundred and seventeen were available for a follow up study. Between 1990 and 1992 these 117 persons were visited and interviewed at home by a physiotherapist who worked in this centre, in order to find possible shortcomings in their rehabilitation programme and to advise accordingly on improvements. From this research project the following subjects are reported: housing, work/household, sport/hobbies, and marital status. The findings are described and compared with the literature.