Increased risk of hallucinations among people with cancer: Role of loneliness, job satisfaction, sleep and a moderated-mediated model of anxiety and life satisfaction.

Being diagnosed with cancer and coping with fears about potential death might trigger acute distress. Previous research found that patients with cancer are 1.85 times more at risk of developing mental illness. Whereas previous studies investigated the risk of schizophrenia, no studies have investigated the risk of individual psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations. This was an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing involving 7586 adults of whom 1082 have cancer. There were 19 (0.3%) who self-reported hallucinations, and logistic regression showed that cancer patients had higher odds of hallucinating. Loneliness, discrimination, poor job satisfaction, poor life satisfaction, anxiety, low level of autonomy/control and having restless sleep were also associated with hallucinations. Cancer patients had higher odds of poor life satisfaction, which was also predicted by loneliness, discrimination, job satisfaction, anxiety symptoms, autonomy/control and restless sleep. Further results of a moderated mediation model showed that cancer, loneliness, and job satisfaction were directly associated with hallucinations, and life satisfaction was a mediator. Anxiety symptoms also moderated the relationships with hallucinations. Cancer is associated with a higher risk of hallucinations, and other aspects of mental wellbeing (e.g., anxiety and life satisfaction) are also important. Interventions are needed which safeguard mental health after cancer diagnosis and during treatment.

Anxiety, depression, working from home and health-related behaviours during COVID-19: Structural equation modelling and serial mediation of associations with angina, heart attacks and stroke.

Based on the vulnerability-stress model and coping theory, this study of 1920 people in Scotland investigated how sex, age, occupational factors, anxiety, depression and maladaptive coping behaviours are associated with cardiovascular health. Structural equation modelling and serial Sobel mediation tests were conducted. Anxiety was associated with past arrhythmia, whereas depression was associated with past heart attacks, stroke and angina. Females reported more anxiety, past arrhythmia, confectionary and alcohol consumption, whereas males had more heart attacks. Confectionary consumption was associated with past arrhythmia, and alcohol consumption was associated with past heart attacks. Being older was associated with depression, past stroke, arrhythmia and alcohol consumption. Being younger was associated with anxiety and smoking. Depression and smoking mediated the relationship between type of working and cardiovascular health history, potentially because of socioeconomic factors. Clinicians can use these results to advise clients about cardiovascular risks associated with anxiety, depression, demographics and health-related coping behaviours.

Identity Processes and Psychological Wellbeing Upon Recall of a Significant "Coming Out" Experience in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People.

This study focuses on the relations between minority stressors, protective factors and psychological wellbeing among lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people. Experimental data based on a sample of 156 showed that participants asked to recall a negative coming out experience to somebody significant reported more identity threat and distress and less positive affect compared to those recalling a neutral coming out experience. In the negative recall condition, the effects of the stressors of discrimination and rejection on the variance of distress through the mediation of identity threat were statistically significant but not in the neutral recall condition and the two conditions statistically significantly differed in regards to the relationship between discrimination and distress. Identity resilience-continuity was associated with less identity threat and distress in the negative recall condition only, while social support was negatively associated and LGB stigma sensitivity was positively associated with distress in both conditions. Degree of outness (operating as a coping strategy) was associated with increased positive affect in both the neutral and negative recall conditions. When recalling a negative coming out experience, LGB people may be more susceptible to distress associated with minority stressors but also capitalize on available coping strategies.

Efeitos imediatos do inspirômetro de incentivo em mulheres vocalmente saudáveis / Immediate effects of the incentive spirometer in women with healthy voice

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o efeito imediato do inspirômetro de incentivo nas medidas acústicas, medidas aerodinâmicas e na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da qualidade vocal de mulheres com vozes saudáveis. Método Trata-se de um estudo experimental de comparação intrassujeito que contou com a participação de 22 mulheres sem queixas vocais. Foram obtidas as medidas acústicas, medidas aerodinâmicas e a avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da qualidade vocal antes e imediatamente após o uso do inspirômetro de incentivo pelas participantes. O dispositivo foi utilizado na posição ortostática, e as participantes realizaram três séries de dez repetições com intervalo de um minuto entre as séries. Resultados Após uso do inspirômetro de incentivo, observou-se redução significativa nas medidas de jitter, shimmer e PPQ (period perturbation quociente) e aumento do volume expiratório máximo. As demais medidas acústicas e aerodinâmicas não foram impactadas significativamente. Além disso, houve melhora na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da qualidade vocal em oito (36,4%) participantes, e 11 (50,0%) não apresentaram mudanças após uso do inspirômetro de incentivo. Conclusão O uso do inspirômetro de incentivo é seguro e, em seu efeito imediato, promove redução nas medidas acústicas de aperiodicidade a curto prazo, tanto relacionadas à frequência quanto à intensidade, e aumenta o volume expiratório máximo em mulheres com vozes saudáveis.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the immediate effect of the incentive spirometer on acoustic measures, aerodynamic measures and on the auditory-perceptual assessment of vocal quality in vocally healthy women. Methods This is an experimental intra-subject comparison study with the participation of 22 women without vocal complaints. Acoustic measures, aerodynamic measures and auditory-perceptual assessment of vocal quality were obtained before and immediately after using the incentive spirometer by the participants. The device was used in the orthostatic position and the participants performed three sets of ten repetitions with a one-minute interval between sets. Results After using the incentive spirometer, there was a significant reduction in jitter, shimmer and PPQ (period perturbation quotient) measurements and an increase in maximum expiratory volume, while the other acoustic and aerodynamic measurements were not significantly impacted. In addition, there was improvement in vocal quality in eight (36.4%) participants and 11 (50.0%) participants showed no changes in the auditory perceptual assessment of voice quality after using the incentive spirometer. Conclusion The use of the incentive spirometer is safe and, in its immediate effect, positively impacts the acoustic measures of short-term aperiodicity of frequency and intensity and increases the maximum expiratory volume in women with healthy voices.

Custo-utilidade da utilização de teste farmacogenético como guia para o tratamento de depressão sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar / Cost-utility of pharmacogenetic testing as a guide for the treatment of depression from the Brazilian Supplementary Health System perspective

Objetivo: Desenvolver uma análise de custo-utilidade da implementação do teste farmacogenético como uma ferramenta adicional para orientar a escolha do melhor tratamento medicamentoso para indivíduos com depressão. Métodos: Para a realização desta análise, criou-se um modelo analítico de decisão baseado em um modelo de Markov. A avaliação foi realizada sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar brasileiro, com horizonte temporal de 10 anos, incluindo custos médicos diretos e custos da tecnologia utilizada, além de ter como comparador o tratamento empírico tradicional para a depressão. As probabilidades de transição foram obtidas por meio de análise da literatura disponível. Também foram realizadas análises de sensibilidade probabilística e univariada. Adicionalmente, foi realizada uma avaliação sob a perspectiva da sociedade, incluindo os custos de tratamento medicamentoso realizados pelos pacientes. Resultados: De acordo com a análise realizada, o emprego do teste farmacogenético como guia do tratamento para depressão mostrou-se favorável, proporcionando economia de -R$ 3.439,97 por paciente e aumento de 0,39 QALY ao longo do horizonte temporal. Assim, evidencia-se uma economia significativa a favor do teste farmacogenético, correspondendo a -R$ 8.776,78 por QALY salvo. Além disso, a robustez do modelo foi comprovada por meio das análises de sensibilidade. No cenário sob perspectiva da sociedade, o resultado foi ainda mais favorável, proporcionando economia de -R$ 9.381,49 por paciente e aumento de 0,39 QALY, correspondendo a -R$ 23.936,05 por QALY salvo. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados neste estudo demonstraram que o uso de testes farmacogenéticos no tratamento da depressão é economicamente vantajoso, com aumento no valor de QALY e redução nos custos médicos diretos, em comparação ao tratamento empírico tradicional. Essa descoberta alinha-se à tendência atual de personalização no cuidado da saúde mental, sugerindo implicações práticas na reavaliação de protocolos, com potencial incorporação dos testes farmacogenéticos como padrão de cuidado.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-utility of pharmacogenetic testing incorporation as an additional tool in guiding the selection of optimal drug treatments for individuals with depression. Methods: A decision analytical model was created based on the Markov model for this analysis. The evaluation was conducted from the perspective of the Brazilian Supplementary Health System, with a time horizon of 10 years. The study included direct medical and technology costs and a comparison with traditional empirical treatment for depression was performed. Transition probabilities were derived from an analysis of available literature. Probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Additionally, an evaluation was conducted from the perspective of Society, including the costs of drug treatment carried out by patients. Results: The application of pharmacogenetic testing as a guide for depression treatment demonstrated favorable outcomes, yielding savings of -R$ 3,439.97 per patient and an increase of 0.39 QALY over the specified time frame. Thus, significant savings were evident, corresponding to -R$ 8,776.78 per QALY saved. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the model's robustness. In the Society's perspective scenario, the outcome was even more favorable, resulting in savings of -R$ 9,381.49 per patient and a 0.39 increase in QALYs, equivalent to -R$ 23,936.05 per QALY saved. Conclusion: The study findings reveal that incorporating harmacogenetic tests in depression treatment offers economic benefits, evidenced by an increase in QALY value and a decrease in direct medical costs compared to conventional empirical treatment. This aligns with the ongoing trend towards personalized mental health care, implying practical considerations for protocol reassessment and the possible integration of pharmacogenetic tests as a standard of care.

Immediate effects of the incentive spirometer in women with healthy voice. / Efeitos imediatos do inspirômetro de incentivo em mulheres vocalmente saudáveis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the immediate effect of the incentive spirometer on acoustic measures, aerodynamic measures and on the auditory-perceptual assessment of vocal quality in vocally healthy women. METHODS: This is an experimental intra-subject comparison study with the participation of 22 women without vocal complaints. Acoustic measures, aerodynamic measures and auditory-perceptual assessment of vocal quality were obtained before and immediately after using the incentive spirometer by the participants. The device was used in the orthostatic position and the participants performed three sets of ten repetitions with a one-minute interval between sets. RESULTS: After using the incentive spirometer, there was a significant reduction in jitter, shimmer and PPQ (period perturbation quotient) measurements and an increase in maximum expiratory volume, while the other acoustic and aerodynamic measurements were not significantly impacted. In addition, there was improvement in vocal quality in eight (36.4%) participants and 11 (50.0%) participants showed no changes in the auditory perceptual assessment of voice quality after using the incentive spirometer. CONCLUSION: The use of the incentive spirometer is safe and, in its immediate effect, positively impacts the acoustic measures of short-term aperiodicity of frequency and intensity and increases the maximum expiratory volume in women with healthy voices.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito imediato do inspirômetro de incentivo nas medidas acústicas, medidas aerodinâmicas e na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da qualidade vocal de mulheres com vozes saudáveis. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo experimental de comparação intrassujeito que contou com a participação de 22 mulheres sem queixas vocais. Foram obtidas as medidas acústicas, medidas aerodinâmicas e a avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da qualidade vocal antes e imediatamente após o uso do inspirômetro de incentivo pelas participantes. O dispositivo foi utilizado na posição ortostática, e as participantes realizaram três séries de dez repetições com intervalo de um minuto entre as séries. RESULTADOS: Após uso do inspirômetro de incentivo, observou-se redução significativa nas medidas de jitter, shimmer e PPQ (period perturbation quociente) e aumento do volume expiratório máximo. As demais medidas acústicas e aerodinâmicas não foram impactadas significativamente. Além disso, houve melhora na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da qualidade vocal em oito (36,4%) participantes, e 11 (50,0%) não apresentaram mudanças após uso do inspirômetro de incentivo. CONCLUSÃO: O uso do inspirômetro de incentivo é seguro e, em seu efeito imediato, promove redução nas medidas acústicas de aperiodicidade a curto prazo, tanto relacionadas à frequência quanto à intensidade, e aumenta o volume expiratório máximo em mulheres com vozes saudáveis.

First Records of Heartbeats via ECG in a Stingless Bee, Melipona flavolineata (Apidae, Meliponini), during Contention Stress Using Isoflurane as an Anesthetic.

The hemodynamic activity of Melipona flavolineata workers was evaluated during restraint stress for a period of 30 min. The observed parameters were power variation in the elapsed time, and subsequently, six periods of one second were divided and called A, B, C, D, E and F; in each period, the electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated: spike frequency, amplitude, spike intervals and spike duration. The experiment was carried out with eight worker bees of M. flavolineata, for which electrodes of a nickel-chromium alloy were made. The bees were previously anesthetized with isoflurane and properly contained and fixed in a base for stereotaxis in which the electrode was implanted. All these procedures were performed inside a Faraday cage. The results showed power oscillations during the recording, with the highest energy level being between 300 and 600 s. Spike frequency, spike amplitude, interval between spikes and spike duration parameters underwent changes during the restraint stress period. Thus, the cardiac activity of M. flavolineata can be used as a biomarker and can be used to clarify physiological issues or alterations caused by toxic agents and indicate risk factors for these animals.

Epidemiology of HIV in pregnant women and its relationship with the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze, in the light of the Social Ecological Theory, the progression of reported cases of HIV during pregnancy in a Brazilian state and their relationship with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Retrospective study, with a sample consisting of all reports of gestational HIV in the state of Ceará - Brazil from 2017 to 2021, on the IntegraSUS platform. Data collection was carried out in January 2022. The analyzed variables were organized according to the theoretical levels: macrosystem, exosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem. RESULTS: A total of 1,173 cases of HIV in pregnant women were recorded. When comparing the pre- and post-pandemic period, a reduction in the disease detection rate (from 231 to 122.67 pregnant women) was observed, as well as 1.82 times more chances of women not using antiretrovirals during childbirth after the start of the pandemic. There was a 55% reduction in vaginal births and 39% in cesarean sections among women diagnosed with HIV after the start of the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had an epidemiological and care impact, leading to a reduction in the number of notifications and in the detection rate of pregnant women living with HIV in the state of Ceará. Therefore, the need to ensure health care coverage is emphasized, with early diagnosis actions, guaranteed treatment, and quality prenatal care.

Conhecimentos sobre o manejo de vítimas do acidente botrópico no serviço de emergência / Knowledge about botropic accident victim management in emergency service / Conocimiento sobre el manejo de víctimas de accidentes botópicos en emergencia

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem, no manejo do paciente vítima de acidente botrópico no serviço de emergência. Métodos: estudo descritivo, exploratório e com abordagem qualitativa. Desenvolvido em 2019, com profissionais da equipe de enfermagem do setor de emergência adulto de um Hospital Universitário. Utilizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, transcritas e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva simples e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: participaram do estudo 34 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, sendo 82% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 37 anos. A análise de conteúdo revelou três categorias: conhecimento sobre acidentes por animais peçonhentos, trajetória acadêmica e profissional no contexto de animais peçonhentos e manejo da equipe de enfermagem do paciente vítima de acidente botrópico. Conclusão: os resultados demonstram o conhecimento e condutas da equipe de enfermagem frente ao acidente botrópico e evidenciam a necessidade de sensibilizar a equipe de enfermagem quanto ao reconhecimento do acidente ofídico, especialmente com relação às características apresentadas pelo animal peçonhento e as manifestações clínicas apresentadas pelo paciente. (AU)

Objective: to identify the knowledge of the nursing staff in dealing with bothropic accident victims in the emergency service. Methods: descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Developed in 2019, with professionals from the nursing staff of the adult emergency sector of a University Hospital. A semi-structured interview was used, transcribed and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: 34 professionals from the nursing team participated in the study, being 82% female, with an average age of 37 years. The content analysis revealed three categories: knowledge about accidents caused by poisonous animals, academic and professional trajectory in the context of poisonous animals and management of the nursing team to the patient victim of bothropic accidents. Conclusão: the results demonstrate the knowledge and behaviors of the nursing staff in face of bothropic accidents and highlight the need to sensitize the nursing staff regarding the recognition of the snakebite accident, especially regarding the characteristics presented by the venomous animal and the clinical manifestations presented by the patient. (AU)

Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos del equipo de enfermería en el manejo del paciente víctima de accidente botópico en el servicio de urgencias. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo. Desarrollado en 2019, con profesionales del personal de enfermería del servicio de urgencias de adultos de un Hospital Universitario. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada, transcrita y analizada mediante estadística descriptiva simple y análisis de contenido. Resultados: participaron en el estudio 34 profesionales del equipo de enfermería, de los cuales el 82% eran mujeres, con una edad promedio de 37 años. El análisis de contenido reveló tres categorías: conocimiento sobre accidentes causados por animales venenosos, trayectoria académica y profesional en el contexto de animales venenosos, y manejo del equipo de enfermería al paciente víctima de accidentes bottrópicos. Conclusión: los resultados demuestran el conocimiento y conducta del equipo de enfermería ante el accidente bottrópico y muestran la necesidad de sensibilizar al personal de enfermería sobre el reconocimiento del accidente de la serpiente, especialmente en lo que respecta a las características que presenta el animal venenoso y las manifestaciones clínicas que presenta el paciente. (AU)

Epidemiology of HIV in pregnant women and its relationship with the period of the COVID-19 pandemic / Epidemiología del VIH en mujeres embarazadas y su relación con el período de la pandemia de COVID-19 / Epidemiologia do HIV em gestantes e sua relação com o período da pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze, in the light of the Social Ecological Theory, the progression of reported cases of HIV during pregnancy in a Brazilian state and their relationship with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Retrospective study, with a sample consisting of all reports of gestational HIV in the state of Ceará - Brazil from 2017 to 2021, on the IntegraSUS platform. Data collection was carried out in January 2022. The analyzed variables were organized according to the theoretical levels: macrosystem, exosystem, mesosystem, and microsystem. Results: A total of 1,173 cases of HIV in pregnant women were recorded. When comparing the pre- and post-pandemic period, a reduction in the disease detection rate (from 231 to 122.67 pregnant women) was observed, as well as 1.82 times more chances of women not using antiretrovirals during childbirth after the start of the pandemic. There was a 55% reduction in vaginal births and 39% in cesarean sections among women diagnosed with HIV after the start of the pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had an epidemiological and care impact, leading to a reduction in the number of notifications and in the detection rate of pregnant women living with HIV in the state of Ceará. Therefore, the need to ensure health care coverage is emphasized, with early diagnosis actions, guaranteed treatment, and quality prenatal care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar, a la luz de la Teoría Ecológica Social, la evolución de los casos notificados de VIH durante el embarazo en un estado brasileño y su relación con el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, con una muestra compuesta por todos los informes de VIH gestacional en el estado de Ceará - Brasil de 2017 a 2021, en la plataforma IntegraSUS. La recolección de datos se realizó en enero de 2022. Las variables analizadas se organizaron según los niveles teóricos: macrosistema, exosistema, mesosistema y microsistema. Resultados: Se registraron 1.173 casos de VIH en gestantes. Al comparar el período pre y pospandemia, hubo una reducción en la tasa de detección de la enfermedad (de 231 a 122,67 mujeres embarazadas) y 1,82 veces más posibilidades de que las mujeres no usaran antirretrovirales durante el parto después del inicio de la pandemia. Hubo una reducción del 55% en los partos vaginales y del 39% en las cesáreas entre las mujeres diagnosticadas con VIH después del inicio de la pandemia. Conclusión: La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto epidemiológico y asistencial, lo que provocó una reducción en el número de notificaciones y en la tasa de detección de mujeres embarazadas que viven con el VIH en el estado de Ceará. Por lo tanto, se refuerza la necesidad de asegurar la cobertura de salud, con acciones de diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento garantizado y atención prenatal de calidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar, à luz da Teoria Social Ecológica, a evolução dos casos notificados de HIV na gestação em um estado brasileiro e sua relação com o início da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, com amostra composta por todas as notificações de HIV gestacional do estado do Ceará - Brasil no período de 2017 a 2021, na plataforma IntegraSUS. A coleta de dados foi realizada em janeiro de 2022. As variáveis analisadas foram organizadas de acordo com os níveis teóricos: macrossistema, exossistema, mesossistema e microssistema. Resultados: Foram registrados 1.173 casos de HIV em gestantes. Ao comparar o período pré e pós-pandemia, observou-se redução da taxa de detecção da doença (de 231 para 122,67 gestantes) e 1,82 vezes mais chances de as mulheres não usarem antirretrovirais no parto após o início da pandemia. Houve redução de 55% de partos vaginais e de 39% de cesarianas das mulheres com diagnóstico de HIV após o início da pandemia. Conclusão A pandemia de COVID-19 causou impacto epidemiológico e assistencial, levando a uma redução do número de notificações e taxa de detecção de gestantes que vivem com HIV no estado do Ceará. Logo, reforça-se a necessidade de assegurar a cobertura de atenção à saúde, com ações de diagnóstico precoce, garantia de tratamento e uma assistência pré-natal de qualidade.

Efeitos de uma intervenção educativa por telefone no aleitamento materno: ensaio clínico / Efectos de una intervención educativa telefónica en la lactancia materna: ensayo clínico / Effects of a telephone educational intervention on breastfeeding: a clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa de longa duração por telefone nas taxas e duração do aleitamento materno. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado controlado realizado em uma maternidade na cidade de Fortaleza. Foram alocadas 240 mulheres no puerpério imediato. Utilizou-se intervenção educativa por telefone centrada nos princípios da autoeficácia e com abordagem da entrevista motivacional aos 7, 30, 90 e 150 dias pós-parto para o grupo intervenção. O grupo controle recebeu as orientações padrão do serviço de saúde. A duração e as taxas do aleitamento materno foram verificadas com uso de questionário elaborado pela pesquisadora aplicados ao grupo intervenção e grupo controle aos 60, 120 e 180 dias. Para verificar o efeito da intervenção sobre as variáveis estudadas utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado e o Teste U de Mann-Whitney. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaio Clínico: RBR-7m7vc8. Resultados Houve diferença entre os grupos no que diz respeito à duração e taxas de aleitamento materno não exclusivo e exclusivo. O grupo intervenção apresentou taxas mais elevadas de aleitamento materno aos 60 (p<0,001), 120 (p=0,001) e 180 dias (p=0,001), e de aleitamento exclusivo aos 180 dias (p=0,005), bem como maior duração do aleitamento materno não exclusivo (p<0,001) e exclusivo (p<0,001). Conclusão a intervenção educativa por telefone possui potencial para elevar as taxas, duração e a exclusividade do aleitamento materno, podendo ser utilizada como alternativa para melhorar os índices do aleitamento materno no país. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC): RBR-7m7vc8

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de una intervención educativa telefónica de larga duración en los índices de duración de la lactancia materna. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado realizado en una maternidad en la ciudad de Fortaleza. Se asignaron 240 mujeres en puerperio inmediato. Se utilizó intervención educativa por teléfono centrada en los principios de la autoeficacia y entrevista con enfoque motivacional a los 7, 30, 90 y 150 días del posparto en el grupo experimental. El grupo de control recibió las instrucciones estándar del servicio de salud. La duración y los índices de lactancia materna fueron verificados mediante cuestionario elaborado por la investigadora, aplicado al grupo experimental y al grupo de control a los 60, 120 y 180 días. Para verificar el efecto de la intervención sobre las variables estudiadas, se utilizó la prueba χ2 de Pearson y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Registro Brasileño de Ensayo Clínico: RBR-7m7vc8. Resultados Hubo diferencia entre los grupos en lo que se refiere a la duración e índices de lactancia materna no exclusiva y exclusiva. El grupo experimental presentó índices más elevados de lactancia materna a los 60 (p<0,001), 120 (p=0,001) y 180 días (p=0,001), y de lactancia exclusiva a los 180 días (p=0,005), así como mayor duración de la lactancia materna no exclusiva (p<0,001) y exclusiva (p<0,001). Conclusión La intervención educativa telefónica tiene potencial para elevar los índices, duración y exclusividad de la lactancia materna y puede ser utilizada como alternativa para mejorar los índices de lactancia materna en el país.

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of a long-term educational intervention by telephone on breastfeeding duration rates. Methods This is a controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at a maternity hospital in the city of Fortaleza. A.so-called 240 women were answers in the immediate puerperium. An educational intervention was used by telephone centered on the principles of self-efficacy and with motivational interview approach at 7, 30, 90 and 150 days postpartum for the intervention group. The control group received the standard guidelines from the health service. Breastfeeding duration rates were verified using a questionnaire elaborated by the researcher applied to the intervention group and control group at 60, 120 and 180 days. To verify the effect of the intervention on the variables studied, the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-7m7vc8. Results There was a difference between the groups regarding non-exclusive and exclusive breastfeeding duration and rates. The intervention group had higher breastfeeding rates at 60 (p<0.001), 120 (p=0.001) and 180 days (p=0.001), and exclusive breastfeeding, at 180 days (p=0.005), as well as non-exclusive (p<0.001) and exclusive (p<0.001) breastfeeding longer duration. Conclusion the educational intervention by telephone has the potential to increase breastfeeding rates, duration and exclusivity, and can be used as an alternative to improve breastfeeding rates in the country. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry (ReBEC): RBR-7m7vc8

Perceived stress and associated factors in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study nested within a population-based cohort / Estresse percebido e fatores associados em gestantes: estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte de base populacional

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of perceived stress and verify the associated factors in pregnant women assisted by Family Health teams in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais - Brazil. Methods: epidemiological, cross-sectional, and analytical study, nested in a population-based cohort. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and physical and mental health conditions were assessed. The stress level was estimated by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted, followed by the Poisson Regression model with robust variance. Results: a total of 1,279 pregnant women participated. The prevalence of high-stress levels was 23.5% (CI95%=20.8%-26.2%). The outcome was more prevalent among pregnant women aged above 35 years (PR=1.38; CI95%=1.09-1.74) and less than or equal to 19 (PR=1.41; CI95%=1.13-1.77); without a partner (PR=1.33; CI95%=1.09-1.62); with low social support (PR=1.42; CI95%=1.18-1.70); multiparous (PR=1.30; CI95%=1.02-1.66); with current unplanned pregnancy (PR=1.23; CI95%=1.00-1.52); urinary tract infection (PR=1.35; CI95%=1.12-1.62); high level of anxiety symptoms (PR=1.42; CI95%=1.18-1.71); severe (PR=4.74; CI95%=3.60-6.26) and moderate (PR=3.19; CI95%=2.31-4.39) symptoms of depression; and neurological complaints (PR=1.77; CI95%=1.27-2.47). Conclusions: there was a significant prevalence of high perceived stress among pregnant women, an outcome associated with sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric, and emotional factors, which demonstrates the need for comprehensive care of pregnant women's health.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de estresse percebido e verificar os fatores associados em gestantes assistidas por equipes da Saúde da Família de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais - Brasil. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, aninhado a uma coorte de base populacional. Avaliaram-se características sociodemográficas, obstétricas, condições de saúde física e mental. O nível de estresse foi estimado pela Escala de Estresse Percebido (Perceveid Stress Scale, PSS-14). Foram conduzidas análise descritiva e bivariada, seguidas do modelo de Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: participaram 1.279 gestantes. A prevalência do nível de estresse elevado foi de 23,5% (IC95%=20,8%-26,2%). O desfecho foi mais prevalente entre gestantes com idade acima dos 35 anos (RP=1,38; IC95%=1,09-1,74) e menor ou igual a 19 (RP=1,41; IC95%=1,13-1,77); sem companheiro(a) (RP=1,33; IC95%=1,09-1,62); com baixo apoio social (RP=1,42; IC95%=1,18-1,70); multíparas (RP=1,30; IC95%=1,02-1,66); com gravidez atual não planejada (RP=1,23; IC95%=1,00-1,52); infecção urinária (RP=1,35; IC95%=1,12-1,62); alto nível de sintomas de ansiedade (RP=1,42; IC95%=1,18-1,71); sintomas graves (RP=4,74; IC95%=3,60-6,26) e moderados (RP=3,19; IC95%=2,31-4,39) de depressão; e queixas neurológicas (RP=1,77; IC95%=1,27-2,47). Conclusões: houve expressiva prevalência de elevado estresse percebido entre gestantes, desfecho associado a fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos, obstétricos e condições emocionais, o que demonstra a necessidade de atenção integral à saúde da gestante.

Neovaginoplasty with tilapia fish skin: a series of eleven cases.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome affects about 1 in 5000 live female births and is associated with gonadal dysgenesis and primary amenorrhea. Neovaginoplasty has been established as an appropriate treatment option for patients who have failed or denied dilation therapy. In search of accessible, economical material with low risk of complications, the team proposed the use of Nile tilapia fish skin (NTFS) as an innovative biomaterial in the neovaginoplasty procedure for vaginal agenesis management. NTFS has noninfectious microbiota, morphologic structure comparable to human skin and high in vivo bioresorption. METHODS: In this descriptive study, the method offered an anatomical and functional neovagina to 11 patients efficiently, quickly and safely. Correct post-surgical dilation is still extremely important to keep the neovagina's size > 6 cm. RESULTS: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the formation of a stratified squamous epithelium with strong marking for cytokeratins, FGF and EGFR, similar to healthy adult vaginal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Since NTFS is a low cost and easily accessible biomaterial, this technique proves to be an inexpensive therapeutic possibility for the health system with excellent advantages for patients.

Autoeficácia de puérperas em amamentar: estudo longitudinal / Autoeficacia de puérperas en la lactancia materna: estudio longitudinal / Self-efficacy of puerperal women in breastfeeding: a longitudinal study

Resumo Objetivo avaliar a autoeficácia de puérperas, ao longo do período puerperal, quanto ao potencial em amamentar. Método estudo longitudinal, do tipo painel, realizado de maio a dezembro de 2015, em Alojamento Conjunto de maternidade de referência de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, delimitado em quatro momentos. O primeiro ocorreu por contato presencial na maternidade e os três contatos subsequentes foram realizados por meio telefônico aos dois, quatro e seis meses pós-parto. A amostra foi de 66 puérperas. Resultados observou-se aumento da mediana dos escores da escala de autoeficácia em amamentar ao longo dos meses. A maioria das puérperas apresentou nível elevado de autoeficácia, entretanto, a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo apresentou declínio progressivo, chegando a 17,9% aos seis meses. Conclusão e implicações para a prática as puérperas participantes apresentaram aumento progressivo dos escores da escala de autoeficácia ao longo do tempo, mantendo níveis de elevada e média autoeficácia em amamentar. Logo, este estudo pode direcionar novas pesquisas de intervenção, bem como subsidiar a prática holística dos profissionais que apoiam a amamentação.

Resumen Objetivo evaluar la autoeficacia de puérperas a lo largo del puerperio en cuanto a su potencialidad para amamantar. Método estudio longitudinal del tipo panel, realizado de mayo a diciembre de 2015, en el Alojamiento Conjunto de una maternidad de referencia en Fortaleza, Ceará, delimitado en cuatro momentos. El primero ocurrió por contacto presencial en la maternidad y los tres contactos posteriores se realizaron telefónicamente a los dos, cuatro y seis meses posparto. La muestra fue de 66 puérperas. Resultados hubo un aumento en la mediana de puntuaciones de la escala de autoeficacia para lactancia materna a lo largo de los meses. La mayoría de las puérperas mostró un alto nivel de autoeficacia, sin embargo, la práctica de lactancia materna exclusiva mostró un declive progresivo llegando al 17,9% a los seis meses. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica Las puérperas mostraron un aumento progresivo en los puntajes de la escala de autoeficacia a lo largo del tiempo, manteniendo niveles de autoeficacia alta y media en la lactancia materna. Por lo tanto, este estudio puede orientar nuevas investigaciones de intervención, así como subsidiar la práctica holística de los profesionales que apoyan la lactancia materna.

Abstract Objective to evaluate the self-efficacy of puerperal women throughout the puerperal period regarding their potential to breastfeed. Method longitudinal panel study was performed from May to December 2015 in postpartum rooms of a reference maternity hospital in Fortaleza (Ceará State, Brazil). The study was separated into four moments: the first occurred through a face-to-face meeting at the maternity hospital, and the three subsequent encounters were made by telephone two, four, and six months postpartum. The sample was composed of 66 puerperal women. Results there was an increase in the mean scores of the self-efficacy scale for breastfeeding throughout the months, and most puerperal women showed a high self-efficacy level, although the practice of exclusive breastfeeding showed a progressive decline and reached 17.9% at six months. Conclusions and implications for practice The puerperal women showed progressively higher self-efficacy scores over time, maintaining high and medium self-efficacy levels in breastfeeding. Therefore, this study can direct new intervention research and subsidize the holistic practice of professionals who support breastfeeding.

The Sexual Risk Behaviors Scale (SRBS): Development & Validation in a University Student Sample in the UK.

University students are at risk of poor sexual health outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Sexual Risk Behaviors Scale (SRBS), a novel short tool for measuring engagement in sexual risk behaviors in university students. We developed a pool of six items based on a review of recent literature and tested its properties in 547 undergraduate students in the United Kingdom. We used Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to explore and determine the factor structure and dimensionality of the SRBS. We used Item Response Theory and specifically the Graded Response Model to investigate items' discrimination, information, and differential functioning, respectively, and logistic regression to test whether higher SRBS scores predicted a diagnosis of any sexually transmitted infections in the past 12 months. Results showed that a unidimensional, five-item model fitted the data well, showing satisfactory fit indices and reliability, with all items providing adequate discrimination and information, and no differential item functioning by gender nor by sexual orientation. SRBS total scores significantly predicted the odds of being diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections in the past 12 months. Implications for public health prevention and intervention are discussed.

Autoeficácia em amamentar entre mães de bebês prematuros / Self-effectiveness in breast-feeding between mothers of premature babies / Autoeficiencia en la alimentación materna entre madres de bebés prematuros

Objetivo: avaliar a autoeficácia em amamentar entre mães de bebês prematuros. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no Hospital Maternidade do município de Quixadá no período de setembro a outubro de 2017. A amostra foi composta por 20 puérperas abordadas no alojamento conjunto por meio de uma entrevista para aplicação do formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e obstétricos e a escala Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale ­ Short-Form. Os resultados apresentados por meio de tabelas. Resultados: todas as mães apresentaram elevada autoeficácia em amamentar. Os itens da escala de menores pontuações entre as mulheres foram: "Eu sempre amamento meu bebê em um peito e depois mudo para o outro" e "Eu sempre posso amamentar mesmo se o meu bebê estiver chorando". Conclusão: percebe-se a importância do enfermeiro na atuação durante todo o ciclo gravídico puerperal no intuito de manter a confiança materna, bem como focar em aspectos que possam interferir na mesma

Objective: to evaluate breastfeeding self-efficacy among mothers of premature babies. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out at the Maternity Hospital of the city of Quixadá, from September to October 2017. The sample consisted of 20 mothers approached in the rooming-in through an interview to apply the form containing data. sociodemographic and obstetric and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short-Form. Results are presented by tables. Results: all mothers showed high self-efficacy in breastfeeding. The lowest scoring items among women were: "I always breastfeed my baby on one breast and then move to the other" and "I can always breastfeed even if my baby is crying". Conclusion: it is perceived the importance of nurses in their performance throughout the puerperal pregnancy cycle in order to maintain maternal confidence, as well as focus on aspects that may interfere with it

Objetivo: evaluar la autoeficacia de la lactancia materna en madres de bebés prematuros. Métodos: un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en el Hospital de maternidad de la ciudad de Quixadá, de septiembre a octubre de 2017. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 20 madres abordadas en la habitación a través de una entrevista para aplicar el formulario que contiene los datos. Sociodemográfico y obstétrico y la escala de autoeficacia de la lactancia materna - Forma corta. Los resultados se presentan por tablas. Resultados: todas las madres mostraron una alta autoeficacia en la lactancia materna. Los puntos de puntuación más bajos entre las mujeres fueron: "Siempre amamanto a mi bebé en un pecho y luego me muevo al otro" y "Siempre puedo amamantar aunque mi bebé esté llorando". Conclusión: se percibe la importancia de las enfermeras en su desempeño a lo largo del ciclo del embarazo puerperal para mantener la confianza materna, así como para centrarse en los aspectos que pueden interferir con ella

The success of the fertilization and early larval development of the tropical sea urchin Echinometra lucunter (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is affected by the pH decrease and temperature increase.

The decrease in the pH of oceans and the increase in their temperature are the two main problems observed in the marine ecosystems due to the increasing emission of CO2 in the atmosphere. Both conditions can affect the ecological processes of reproduction, recruitment and survival of the marine biota. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of pH decrease and temperature increase of seawater on the fertilization success and embryo-larval development of a species of tropical sea urchin. For this purpose, fertilization success (gametes) and embryo-larval development rate were determined by exposing gametes and embryos to decreasing pH values (8.0 (control), 7.7, and 7.4) and increasing temperatures (26 (control), 28, 30, 34, and 38 °C). These conditions were tested associated with each other (in synergy). The gamete test was sensitive to all investigated scenarios, the fertilization success was significantly reduced in the conditions of increased temperature (28, 30, 34, and 38 °C) associated with the ideal pH (pH 8.0) and the conditions of reduced pH (pH 7.7, and 7.4), remaining unchanged only in the ideal condition (pH 8.0 + 26 °C). However, the embryo test displayed enhanced sensitivity in the scenarios of temperature increase (28, 30, 34, and 38 °C) associated with pH decrease conditions. A significantly reduction of 29%, 23% and 10% was observed in all tested pH values at 38 °C, when compared to the control group (80%, 79.5% and 63%, respectively). Therefore, the present study suggests that the occurrence of both scenarios may have a significant impact, in the coming years, on the population of Echinometra lucunter.

Psychological wellbeing facilitates accurate HIV risk appraisal in gay and bisexual men.

Background Accurate HIV risk appraisal is key to effective HIV prevention. This study focuses on the role of psychological wellbeing in determining perceived HIV risk in a sample of gay and bisexual (GBM) in the UK. METHODS: Overall, 191 HIV-negative GBM completed a cross-sectional survey, in which they provided demographic information and completed measures of engagement in actual sexual risk behaviours, diagnosis with a sexually transmissible infection in the past 12 months, frequency of HIV testing, use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), perceived HIV risk, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) identity, sexual identity openness and psychological wellbeing. RESULTS: Results showed that there was a correlation between engagement in actual HIV risk behaviours and perceived HIV risk, suggesting relatively accurate HIV risk appraisal in the participant sample. LGBT identity and sexual identity openness were associated with increased psychological wellbeing. Structural equation modelling showed that psychological wellbeing has an effect on perceived HIV risk through the mediator of LGBT identity. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that a state of psychological wellbeing facilitates the construction of a strong and robust LGBT identity, which can be displayed to others, and that a strong LGBT identity in turn facilitates accurate HIV risk appraisal in GBM. In order to achieve our target of zero new HIV infections by 2030, it will be essential to focus on enhancing psychological wellbeing in people at risk of HIV.

Understanding the mental health burden of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom.

This article outlines the mental health burden of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom population, and presents preliminary evidence of less common psychiatric issues, such as paranoia and hallucinations, to which vulnerable groups in the U.K. population may be more vulnerable. It is argued that cognitive-behavioral therapy, with components of mindfulness, should be part of the therapeutic response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).