RESUMO
Recording, erasing, and rewriting of ripples are achieved by applying femtosecond laser pulses on tungsten surfaces. Ripples oriented perpendicular to the polarization direction of the writing beam can be recorded on a metal surface by exposing the sample to a series of linearly polarized pulses. When applying the second series of pulses with varied polarization direction on the same place, the original ripples can be erased, and new ripples are rewritten with the orientation perpendicular to the polarization of the second group of pulses. The simulation shows that when original ripples exist, laser intensity is focused above the grooves with polarization parallel to original ripples, which can erase the ripples. However, when the polarization is perpendicular to the existing ripples, laser intensity is almost confined in the grooves, which accelerates the formation of ripples.
RESUMO
The nanoscale measurement of temperature in the bulk of dielectrics initiated by a single ultrashort laser pulse was first investigated by black-body radiation. A structureless broad continuum emission has been recorded at an interval delay of 2 ns with a temporal gate of 2 ns and spectral resolution of about 0.137 nm, which provides the highest temporal and spectral precision ever. The temporally resolved emission spectrum was proved to be black-body radiation in nature, and temperature was obtained by fitting the radiation with the Planckian formula. Pulse energy was varied from 110 to 270 µJ at 600 fs and a pulse duration of 0.83 ns was also used. The temperature exhibited a small variation with an increasing pulse energy at 600 fs. However, due to the energy transfer from heated electrons to lattice, the temperature was sharply increased at pulse duration of 0.83 ns. It was estimated that heat accumulation started at 0.42-0.47 MHz for a laser pulse at 600 fs, while it was 0.25 MHz for a laser pulse at 0.83 ns.