Patterns of healthcare use among children with immigrant and non-immigrant backgrounds in 2019 and 2020: evidence from the CRIAS cohort study in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, Portugal.

BACKGROUND: International migrant families may face various barriers in the access and use of health services. Evidence on immigrant children's health care or prevention facilities' utilisation patterns is scarce in Portugal. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare health services use between immigrant and non-immigrant children in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon in 2019-2020 with the aim of informing public policies towards equitable access to, and use of health services. METHODS: The CRIAS (Health Trajectories of Immigrant Children) prospective cohort study enrolled 420 children (51.6% immigrant) born in 2015 and attending primary health care (PHC) services in 2019. We compared primary health care facilities and hospital paediatric emergency department (ED) utilisation patterns in the public National Health Service, together with reported private practitioners use, between immigrant and non-immigrant children in 2019 and 2020. The Pearson chi-squared test, Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact test, two-proportion z-test and Mann‒Whitney U test were used to examine the differences between the two groups. RESULTS: In 2019, no significant differences in PHC consultations attendance between the two groups were observed. However, first-generation immigrant children (children residing in Portugal born in a non-European Union country) accessed fewer routine health assessments compared to non-immigrant children (63.4% vs. 79.2%). When children were acutely ill, 136 parents, of whom 55.9% were parents of non-immigrant children, reported not attending PHC as the first point of contact. Among those, nearly four times more non-immigrant children sought healthcare in the private sector than immigrant children (p < 0.001). Throughout 2019, immigrant children used ED more often than non-immigrant children (53.5% vs. 40.4%, p = 0.010), as their parents reported difficulties in accessing PHC. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer immigrant children accessed PHC compared to non-immigrant children (70% vs. 80%, p = 0.018). Both non-immigrant and immigrant children reduced ED use by 2.5 times, with a higher decrease among immigrant children (46% vs. 34%). In both 2019 and 2020, over 80% of immigrant and non-immigrant children used ED for conditions classified as having low clinical priority. CONCLUSION: Beyond identifying health care use inequalities between immigrant and non-immigrant children, the study points to urgent needs for public policy and economic investments to strengthen PHC for all children rather than for some.

Preditores da felicidade no trabalho e interação familiar em enfermeiros / Predictores de la felicidad en el trabajo y la interacción familiar en enfermeros / Predictors of happiness at work and family interaction in nurses

Objetivo:identificar os fatores preditores da Felicidade no trabalho e Interação familiar em Enfermeiros de um contexto hospitalar. Método:estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, correlacional. Aplicado questionário para caraterização sociodemográfica/profissional, a Shorted Happiness at Work Scale e oSurvey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen, a uma amostra de conveniência de 363 Enfermeiros. Resultados:idade, local de trabalho, categoria profissional e, percepção de trabalho estressante foram preditores da Felicidade no trabalho. A prática de atividades de lazer e a percepção de trabalho estressante foram preditores da Interação trabalho-família positiva e negativa e, o sexo feminino foi preditor da Interação família-trabalho positiva. Conclusões:a prevalência de Felicidade no trabalho, os valores moderados de Interação trabalho-família negativa identificados, bem como os fatores que a predizem, devem ser alvo de atenção por parte dos Enfermeiros e organizações, tendo esta última um papel preponderante na promoção de ambientes de trabalho saudáveis e da saúde no local de trabalho.

Objective:to identify the predictors of Happiness at work and Family Interaction among nurses in a hospital setting. Method:this is a quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study. A sociodemographic/professional questionnaire was applied, including the Shorted Happiness at Work Scale and the Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen, to a convenience sample of 363 nurses. Results:age, workplace location, professional category, and perception of stressful work were predictors of Happiness at Work. Engaging in leisure activities and perceiving work as stressful were predictors of positive and negative Work-Family Interaction, and being female was a predictor of positive Family-Work Interaction. Conclusions:the prevalence of Happiness at Work, the moderate levels of negative Work-Family Interaction identified, and the factors that predict them, should be given attention by nurses and organizations, with the latter playing a crucial role in promoting healthy work environments and workplace health.

Objetivo:identificar factores predictores de Felicidad en el trabajo y Interacción familiar en Enfermeros en hospital. Método:estudio transversal y correlacional en que se aplicó cuestionario sociodemográfico/profesional, Shorted Happiness at Work Scaley SurveyWork-HomeInteraction-Nijmegena 363 Enfermeros. Resultados:la edad, el lugar de trabajo, la categoría profesional y la percepción de estrés laboral fueron predictoresde la Felicidad en el trabajo. La práctica de actividades de ocio y la percepción de estrés laboral fueron predictores de la Interacción trabajo-familia positiva y negativa, y el sexo femenino fue un predictor de la Interacción familia-trabajo positiva. Conclusiones:la prevalencia de Felicidad en el trabajo, los valores moderados de Interacción trabajo-familia negativa identificados, así como los factores que la predicen, deben ser objeto de atención por Enfermeros y organizaciones, cumpliendo esta últimaun papel preponderante en la promoción de ambientes de trabajo saludables y la salud en el lugar de trabajo.

Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Family Structural Dimensions: A Correlational Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in the families' social support network, employment status, and family income, which are the focus of attention of family health nurses. This study aims to describe the pandemic's repercussions in the areas of attention of the structural dimension of families according to the Dynamic Model of Family Assessment and Intervention, as perceived by Portuguese families, and to relate the changes in their employment status according to the variables of the structural dimension. A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted using snowball sampling. A questionnaire of sociodemographic characterization and assessment of the family structural dimension according to the model's operational matrix was applied to 235 family members. Changes were found in their employment status; family income; intensity and frequency of contact with family, friends, and coworkers; frequency of contact with educational/health/religious institutions and community groups; cultural activities; and housing comfort conditions such as the use of heating/air conditioning, gas, and water consumption. Changes in employment status were related to family income, interaction with friends, frequency of cultural activities, and use of air conditioning and heating. Knowing the implications of the pandemic on the family's structural dimension results in a nursing intervention more focused on family needs.

Musculoskeletal Pain in the Neck and Lower Back Regions among PHC Workers: Association between Workload, Mental Disorders, and Strategies to Manage Pain.

Scientific evidence indicates that workers in the health sector are commonly exposed to work-related musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the relationship between the presence and intensity of musculoskeletal pain in the neck and lumbar regions reported by Primary Health Care (PHC) workers with workloads and occupational risks, analyze musculoskeletal pain in the presence and absence of self-reported mental disorders based on a medical diagnosis, and identify workers' strategies to manage pain. METHOD: This cross-sectional study addressed 338 health professionals working in PHC outpatient services in the extreme South of Brazil. One questionnaire addressed sociodemographic questions concerning occupation, occupational risks, and mental disorders. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess self-reported musculoskeletal pain. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) measured the workload. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: Most (55.3%) participants reported neck and (64.5%) lower back pain in the previous 12 months, and 22.5% and 30.5% reported intense neck and lower back pain, respectively, in the previous 12 months. The results showed different independent associations with increased musculoskeletal pain among health workers. Dentists presented the highest prevalence of neck pain, while female workers presented the highest prevalence of lower back pain. Furthermore, the perception of ergonomic risk and virtually all self-reported mental disorders (except panic syndrome for neck pain) were associated with pain in the neck and lower back regions and a higher frustration level (mental demand). Additionally, professionals with graduate degrees, nurses, and professionals working the longest in PHC services reported seeking complementary therapies more frequently, while physicians and those with self-reported mental disorders self-medicated more frequently.

Felicidade no trabalho e interação familiar em enfermeiros: estudo transversal* / Felicidad en el trabajo e interacción familiar en enfermeros: estudio transversal / Happiness at work and family interaction in nurses: cross-sectional study

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre felicidade no trabalho, interação familiar e variáveis sociodemográficas/profissionais em enfermeiros do contexto hospitalar. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de 363 enfermeiros. Foram aplicados questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica/profissional, Shorted Happiness at Work Scale e Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen. Na análise e tratamento de dados, recorreu-se à estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: observaram-se níveis moderados de felicidade no trabalho (4,44±1,15) e níveis moderados a baixos de interação familiar (1,02±0,31). Estado civil, atividades de lazer, local de trabalho, tempo de experiência profissional, categoria profissional, horário de trabalho e percepção de trabalho estressante associaram-se à felicidade no trabalho. Idade, sexo, filhos, dependentes, atividades de lazer, tempo de experiência profissional, horário de trabalho e percepção de trabalho estressante associaram-se à interação familiar. Conclusão: os enfermeiros apresentaram níveis moderados de felicidade no trabalho e moderados a baixos de interação familiar, associados a variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais específicas.

Objective: to analyze the association among happiness at work, family interaction and sociodemographic/professional variables in nurses in the hospital context. Methods: cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 363 nurses. Questionnaires for sociodemographic/professional characterization, Shorted Happiness at Work Scale and Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen were applied. In data analysis and processing, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: moderate levels of happiness at work (4.44±1.15) and moderate to low levels of family interaction (1.02±0.31) were observed. Marital status, leisure activities, place of work, length of professional experience, professional category, working hours and perception of stressful work were associated with happiness at work. Age, gender, children, dependents, leisure activities, length of professional experience, working hours and perception of stressful work were associated with family interaction. Conclusion: nurses showed moderate levels of happiness at work and moderate to low levels of family interaction, associated with specific sociodemographic and professional variables.

Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre felicidad en el trabajo, interacción familiar y variables sociodemográficas/profesionales en enfermeros en el contexto hospitalario. Métodos: estudio transversal con muestra por conveniencia de 363 enfermeros. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica/profesional, el Shorted Happiness at Work Scale y el Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen. En el análisis y procesamiento de los datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: se observaron niveles moderados de felicidad en el trabajo (4,44±1,15) y niveles moderados a bajos de interacción familiar (1,02±0,31). El estado civil, las actividades de ocio, el lugar de trabajo, la duración de la experiencia profesional, la categoría profesional, la jornada laboral y la percepción de trabajo estresante se asociaron con la felicidad en el trabajo. La edad, el sexo, los hijos, las personas dependientes, las actividades de ocio, la duración de la experiencia profesional, la jornada laboral y la percepción del trabajo estresante se asociaron con la interacción familiar. Conclusión: los enfermeros mostraron niveles moderados de felicidad en el trabajo y niveles moderados a bajos de interacción familiar, asociados a variables sociodemográficas y profesionales específicas.

Occupational Well-Being of Multidisciplinary PHC Teams: Barriers/Facilitators and Negotiations to Improve Working Conditions.

Well-being at work is one of the factors determining healthy work conditions and is perceived by workers as a positive psychological state. In this study, the concept of well-being at work was used together with occupational functionality (i.e., current health state, current work environment, and barriers/facilitators to implementing well-being at work), occupational risk perception, and proactivity/negotiations held by workers to improve working conditions. In this context, the objectives were to identify the socio-demographic and occupational characteristics independently associated with levels of well-being at work of the multidisciplinary PHC health team; detect barriers or facilitators resulting from the attitudes of colleagues, community members, and managers that influence the well-being at work of the multidisciplinary health team; and identify with whom and what reasons led health workers to become proactive and negotiate improved working conditions. This cross-sectional study addressed 338 health workers from the multidisciplinary teams of PHC outpatient services in the extreme south of Brazil. Multivariate linear regression models were adopted to analyze data. The results show various independent associations with levels of well-being at work. Nursing workers (technicians and nurses) more frequently expressed job commitment and job satisfaction. Difficulties in solving problems and performing work routines, and co-workers' attitudes directly influence the well-being of the PHC team members. Risk perception (physical and chemical) also influences well-being. Negotiations in which PHC managers engaged to improve working conditions appeared as a significant predictor of job commitment, job satisfaction, and job involvement. The results reveal that well-being at work is an important indicator of the potential of workers' proactivity in negotiating improved working conditions.

Acute Complications of Sickle Cell Disease in Children Under 5 Years at a Level II Hospital.

The aim of this study was to characterize the acute complications that required hospitalization in children under 5 years with Sickle Cell Disease. The population included 70 patients, 64% of African ascendency and 95.7% homozygotic for the HbS. We analyzed data from 337 hospitalizations. The first hospitalization occurred before 12 months in 38.6% and the average hospital admission per child was 3.92. The mean duration per hospitalization was 5.36 days. The most common diagnosis was vaso-occlusive crisis (36.8%) followed by fever, upper airway infections, bacterial pneumonia and splenic sequestration. Hemoglobin values at admission were between 6 and 7 g/dL in 22.3%, with 44.2% requiring at least 1 blood transfusion. There are several acute complications of SCD, being vaso-occlusive crisis the most common. Splenic sequestration generally occurs during the first 2 years and is associated with the need of transfusion. They represent a significant burden, with each child spending approximately 3 weeks hospitalized.

Cohort profile: Health trajectories of Immigrant Children (CRIAS)-a prospective cohort study in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, Portugal.

PURPOSE: The CRIAS (Health trajectories of Immigrant Children in Amadora) cohort study was created to explore whether children exposed to a migratory process experience different health risks over time, including physical health, cognitive, socioemotional and behavioural challenges and different healthcare utilisation patterns. PARTICIPANTS: The original CRIAS was set up to include 604 children born in 2015, of whom 50% were immigrants, and their parents. Recruitment of 420 children took place between June 2019 and March 2020 at age 4/5 years, with follow-up carried out at age 5/6 years, at age 6/7 years currently under way. FINDINGS TO DATE: Baseline data at age 4/5 years (2019-2020) suggested immigrant children to be more likely to belong to families with less income, compared with non-immigrant children. Being a first-generation immigrant child increased the odds of emotional and behavioural difficulties (adjusted OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.76); more immigrant children required monitoring of items in the psychomotor development test (38.5% vs 28.3%). The prevalence of primary care utilisation was slightly higher among immigrant children (78.0% vs 73.8%), yet they received less health monitoring assessments for age 4 years. Utilisation of the hospital emergency department was higher among immigrants (53.2% vs 40.6%). Age 5 years follow-up (2020-2021) confirmed more immigrant children requiring monitoring of psychomotor development, compared with non-immigrant children (33.9% vs 21.6%). Economic inequalities exacerbated by post-COVID-19 pandemic confinement with parents of immigrant children 3.2 times more likely to have their household income decreased. FUTURE PLANS: Further follow-up will take place at 8, 10, 12/13 and 15 years of age. Funds awarded by the National Science Foundation will allow 900 more children from four other Lisbon area municipalities to be included in the cohort (cohort-sequential design).

REATIVA: An Efficient Health Promotion Program during Retirement Transition.

Retirement is a major life transition in adulthood that can cause vulnerability in individuals and their families. REATIVA is a face-to-face health intervention program that aims to promote the perception of self-efficacy and facilitate the transition to retirement of individuals and families. This article presents the efficiency of this program. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 new retirees and families enrolled in the Portuguese National Health Service. The efficiency of the program was evaluated with the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, which assesses self-efficacy, and the Retirement Adaptation Perception (EPFAR) scale, which assesses the perception of adaptation to retirement. The data were processed in IBM SPSS 27 software. An average positive change was found regarding the GSE and EPFAR in all participants of the REATIVA program. Notably, the MANOVA test with Greenhouse-Geisser correction revealed a significant effect of the program over time in the EPFAR scale (F = 17.405, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.554; PO = 0.982). The REATIVA program was found to be efficient in the promotion of individual and family health during the transition to retirement as an active and healthy aging process. New methodologies and intervention strategies were identified that could improve the efficacy of the program; namely, the involvement of more family members and using a blended approach.

Influence of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on sleep habits in a pediatric population.

Objective: Assessment of changes in sleep habits at home in children during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Retrospective, transversal study in a pediatric ward of a level II hospital. Questionnaires concerning sleep quality, patterns and its modifications during lockdown were distributed from June to August 2020. Comparison with a control sample from previous study (2019). Statistical analysis on SPSS Statistics23. Results: Two groups were compared: during lockdown (n=36, mean age 9.3 years-old) and before lockdown (n=48, mean age 8.8 years-old). 55.6% stated changes in sleep patterns. There was an increase in sleep hours, specifically in school-aged children (p=0.05) and adolescents (p=0.03), with no impact in global subjective sleep quality. Significative increase in screen hours (p=0.02) and its use after dinner (p=0.04). Discussion: Changes in sleep patterns during lockdown were frequent, alongside a higher use of screens. However, these did not affect the subjective sleep quality nor increased the occurrence of sleep disturbances.

Benefits, mechanisms, and risks of intermittent fasting in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

One of the emergent nutritional strategies for improving multiple features of cardiometabolic diseases is the practice of intermittent fasting (IF), which consists of alternating periods of eating and fasting. IF can reduce circulating glucose and insulin levels, fat mass, and the risk of developing age-related pathologies. IF appears to upregulate evolution-conserved adaptive cellular responses, such as stress-response pathways, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. IF was also observed to modulate the circadian rhythms of hormones like insulin or leptin, among others, which levels change in conditions of food abundance and deficit. However, some contradictory results regarding the duration of the interventions and the anterior metabolic status of the participants suggest that more and longer studies are needed in order to draw conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of IF in the modulation of mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes, as well as the risks.

Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal: An Adaptation and Validation Study / Inventário de Recursos Individuais para a Aposentadoria em Portugal: Um Estudo de Adaptação e Validação / Inventario de Recursos Individuales para la Jubilación en Portugal: Un Estudio de Adaptación y Validación

Abstract A quarter of Portugal's population is aged 65 years or over, mostly retired individuals. However, there is a lack of studies and instruments to facilitate retirement planning. This study aims to validate the Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal to use it in future interventions. In total, 450 Portuguese retirees from all regions who responded to the inventory and sociodemographic questions participated in this study. According to the exploratory and confirmatory analyses, 23 items were found, confirming the four-factor model [χ 2 (gl) = 404.63(216); CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.88; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.06], with good evidence of internal and convergent validity. The first factor corresponded to physical and financial aspects, the second to social and family resources, the third to received support, and the fourth to emotional and cognitive resources. We recommend the replication of the RRI in a longitudinal study before and after retirement.

Resumo Um quarto da população de Portugal tem 65 anos ou mais, sendo a maioria aposentada. Apesar disso, há uma carência de estudos e instrumentos para facilitar o planejamento para a aposentadoria. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o Retirement Resources Inventory - RRI neste país para utilizá-lo em futuras intervenções. Participaram deste estudo 450 aposentados portugueses de todas as regiões, que responderam ao inventário e a questões sociodemográficas. Das análises exploratórias e confirmatórias emergiram 23 itens, confirmando o modelo de quatro fatores [χ2 (gl) = 404.63(216); CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.88; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.06], com boas evidências de validade interna e convergente. O primeiro fator correspondeu aos aspetos físicos e financeiros, o segundo aos recursos sociais e familiares, o terceiro ao suporte recebido e o quarto aos recursos emocionais e cognitivos. Recomenda-se a replicação do RRI em estudo longitudinal antes e após o evento da aposentadoria.

Resumen Una cuarta parte de la población de Portugal tiene 65 años o más, y la mayoría está jubilada. Sin embargo, faltan estudios e instrumentos que faciliten la planificación de la jubilación. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el Retirement Resources Inventory (RRI) en este país para que sea utilizado en futuras intervenciones. Participaron 450 jubilados portugueses de todas las regiones, quienes respondieron al inventario y a preguntas sociodemográficas. De los análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio emergieron 23 ítems, confirmando el modelo de cuatro factores [χ2 (gl) = 404,63 (216); CFI = 0,90; TLI = 0,88; RMSEA = 0,06; SRMR = 0,06], con buena evidencia de validez interna y convergente. El primer factor correspondió a los aspectos físicos y económicos, el segundo a los recursos sociales y familiares, el tercer al apoyo recibido, y el cuarto a los recursos emocionales y cognitivos. Se recomienda la replicación del RRI en un estudio longitudinal antes y después del evento de jubilación.

Escala de Posicionamento Face à Adaptação à Reforma: avaliação da validade e fiabilidade / Positioning Scale for Adaptation to Retirement: validity and reliability assessment / Escala de posicionamiento ante la jubilación: evaluación de la validez y la fiabilidad

Resumo Enquadramento: A avaliação do posicionamento face à adaptação à reforma constitui um relevante indicador do estado de saúde, numa das mais críticas transições da vida ocorridas na idade adulta. Objetivo: Validar a Escala de Posicionamento Face à Adaptação à Reforma (EPFAR). Metodologia: Estudo metodológico de validação de escala efetuado com amostra aleatória de 115 recém-aposentados portugueses. Avaliou-se a qualidade do instrumento de medida. Para avaliar a validade de constructo procedeu-se a uma análise fatorial exploratória e a fiabilidade avaliou-se através da consistência interna. Resultados: Os fatores retidos levaram a considerar uma solução com 4 fatores explicativa na globalidade de 56,41% da variância. A análise de consistência interna realizou-se com recurso ao alfa de Cronbach, tendo os resultados apurados para a totalidade dos itens da escala apresentado um ( = 0,90. Conclusão: A EPFAR constitui um instrumento válido e fiável para avaliar o posicionamento face à reforma.

Abstract Background: Assessing individuals' positioning regarding their adaptation to retirement is a relevant indicator of health status in one of the most critical life transitions occurring in adulthood. Objective: To validate the Positioning Scale for Adaptation to Retirement (EPFAR). Methodology: Methodological study of scale validation carried out with a random sample of 115 Portuguese retirees. The quality of the instrument was assessed. An exploratory factor analysis assessed construct validity, and an internal consistency analysis assessed reliability. Results: The retained factors resulted in a 4-factor solution that explained 56.41% of the variance. The internal consistency analysis was performed using Cronbach's alpha, and the results obtained for all items of the scale revealed an ( = 0.90. Conclusion: The EPFAR is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing individuals' positioning towards retirement.

Resumen Marco contextual: La evaluación del posicionamiento ante la adaptación a la jubilación constituye un indicador relevante del estado de salud en una de las transiciones vitales más críticas de la edad adulta. Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Posicionamiento de Adaptación a la Jubilación (EPFAR). Metodología: Estudio metodológico de validación de la escala realizado con una muestra aleatoria de 115 portugueses recién jubilados. Se evaluó la calidad del instrumento de medida. Para evaluar la validez de constructo se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y se evaluó la fiabilidad mediante la consistencia interna. Resultados: Los factores retenidos llevaron a considerar una solución con 4 factores que explicaba el 56,41% de la varianza. El análisis de consistencia interna se realizó mediante el alfa de Cronbach, y los resultados de todos los ítems de la escala mostraron un ( = 0,90. Conclusión: La EPFAR constituye un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar el posicionamiento ante la jubilación.

Predictors of OSA following adenotonsillectomy in children with trisomy 21.

OBJECTIVES: Given that 30%-50% of children with trisomy 21 have persistent obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) after adenotonsillectomy, we evaluated whether demographic, clinical and polysomnographic factors predicted persistent OSA and OSA severity after adenotonsillectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Secondary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective review of 32 children with the diagnosis of trisomy 21 and OSA by polysomnography who underwent adenotonsillectomy, from January 2010 to December 2018. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Non-parametric analysis was used to compare pre- and postoperative factors, and regression was used to model persistent OSA and OSA severity. RESULTS: Thirty-two children were included (17 males, median age 10.00 ± 8.00 years, median body mass index z-score 0.89 ± 1.25). Overall, adenotonsillectomy resulted in a significant improvement in median obstructive apnoea-hypopnoea index (oAHI) from 7.5 ± 8.95 to 4.40 ± 4.38 events per hour (P < .001) and in median OSA-18 score from 85.00 ± 12.00 to 61.00 ± 37.75 (P < .001). Persistent OSA was found in 56.25% of the children. Univariate regression suggests that postoperative OSA-18 score was associated with persistent OSA after adenotonsillectomy. Preoperative oAHI, preoperative oxygen desaturation index, pre- and postoperative OSA-18 scores correlated with OSA severity after adenotonsillectomy. However, in a multivariate model only the postoperative OSA-18 score correlated with OSA severity after adenotonsillectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although adenotonsillectomy results in a significant improvement of OSA in children with trisomy 21, more than half of the children had persistent OSA. The postoperative OSA-18 score was associated both with persistent OSA and OSA severity after adenotonsillectomy.

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

OBJECTIVE: To describe drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings in children with obstructive sleep apnea and to differentiate them between surgically naïve children and children who had adenotonsillectomy performed. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series with chart review. SETTING: Secondary care hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 56 children with the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was submitted to DISE and subsequent upper airway surgery: 23 were surgically naïve, and 33 had persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy. Comparisons between groups were calculated with chi-square test and Student's t test. Simple linear regression was used to model polysomnographic indices. RESULTS: In surgically naïve children, the most common sites of obstruction were the adenoids (78.2%) and the lateral pharyngeal walls/tonsils (82.6%). In children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy, the most common sites of obstruction were the adenoids (54.5%), followed by the supraglottis (48.5%) and the tongue base (45.5%). No correlation was found between obstructive apnea-hypopnea index and DISE findings. Simple linear regression revealed that the degree of obstruction at the tongue base (ß = -0.73; 95% CI, -1.22 to -0.25; P = .004) and the presence of multilevel obstruction (ß = -1.75; 95% CI, -3.20 to -0.30; P = .02) predicted saturation nadir in children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy. CONCLUSION: DISE findings differed between surgically naïve children and children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy. Increased obstruction at the level of the tongue base and the presence of multilevel obstruction predicted a lower saturation nadir in children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy.

Programas de promoção da saúde no ensino superior: uma revisão de escopo / Health promotion programs in higher education: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo: Mapear e examinar os programas de promoção da saúde ocupacional implementados com professores de instituições de ensino superior. Método: Revisão de escopo, baseado nos procedimentos recomendados pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Na busca foram utilizados os MESH: Faculty, Health promotion, Occupational health e Universities, composta por uma combinação de 15 palavras-chaves nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO e Web of Science. A busca manual foi realizada nas bases RCAAP, Banco de Teses da CAPES e periódicos especializados, sem limite temporal. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2498 estudos, sendo 57 lidos na íntegra e 28 compuseram a seleção final. A maioria dos estudos estabeleceu relações de causalidade entre variáveis. O mapeamento dos dados evidenciou um grande número de estudos voltados para a avaliação da saúde e bem-estar da comunidade acadêmica, com desenvolvimento de habilidades individuais e coletivas. O empowerment e as oportunidades de aprendizagem sobre as questões de saúde foram mencionados nas intervenções que visavam à promoção da saúde física e mental e do bem-estar. Conclusões: Todos os programas assumiram que a promoção da literacia influenciava o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida. Este trabalho possibilita nortear as intervenções em saúde ocupacional para criação de ambientes saudáveis e implementação de políticas públicas saudáveis que apoiam e reorientam as condições favoráveis à saúde dos indivíduos e coletividades, além de proporcionarem a promoção de bem-estar e do estilo de vida saudável nas universidades.

Abstract Objective: To examine and map occupational health promotion programmes implemented with teachers in higher education institutions. Method: Scoping Review, according to the JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual. The research used MESH: Faculty, Health Promotion, Occupational Health and Universities, made up by a combination of fifteen keywords performed in scientific MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Additional records identified through other sources was performed in the RCAAP, Thesis CAPES and specialized journals databases, with no temporal limit. Results: 2498 studies were found, of which 57 were read in full and 28 were part of the final selection. Most studies have established causal relationships between variables. Data mapping showed a large number of studies aimed at assessing the health and well-being of the academic community, with the development of individual and collective skills. Empowerment and learning opportunities on health issues were mentioned in the interventions aimed at promoting physical and mental health and well-being. Conclusions: All programmes assumed that the promotion of literacy influenced well-being and quality of life. This work makes it possible to guide occupational health interventions for the creation of healthy environments and implementation of healthy public policies that support and reorient conditions favorable to the health of individuals and communities and provide the promotion of well-being and healthy lifestyles in universities.

Resumen Objetivo: Examinar y mapear los programas de promoción de salud ocupacional implementados con los docentes de las instituciones de educación superior. Método: Revisión de alcance, según el JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual. En la búsqueda se utilizaron los MESH: Faculty, Health promotion, Occupational health and Universities, compuesta por una combinación de quince palabras clave en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO y Web of Science. La búsqueda manual se realizó en las bases de datos RCAAP, CAPES Thesis y revistas especializadas, sin límite de temporal. Resultados: Se encontraron 2.498 estudios, 57 fueron leídos en su totalidad y 28 formaron parte de la selección final. La mayoría de los estudios han establecido causales entre las variables. El mapeo de datos mostró un gran número de estudios dirigidos a evaluar la salud y el bienestar de la comunidad académica, con el desarrollo de habilidades individuales y colectivas. Las intervenciones destinadas a promover la salud física y mental y el bienestar se mencionaron las oportunidades de empoderamiento y aprendizaje sobre cuestiones de salud. Conclusión: Todos los programas asumieron que la promoción de la alfabetización influye en el bienestar y la calidad de vida. Este trabajo permite orientar las intervenciones de salud ocupacional para la creación de ambientes saludables y la implementación de políticas públicas saludables que apoyen y reorienten las condiciones favorables a la salud de los individuos y las comunidades, y que promuevan el bienestar y estilos de vida saludables en las universidades.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Headache in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were (1) to analyze the etiology and clinical management of headaches in children in the emergency department and (2) to analyze the treatment used in children diagnosed with headaches and with migraines. METHODS: Retrospective study of all the patients who were admitted to the pediatric emergency department of Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, in 2014, with a chief complaint of headaches or the primary discharge diagnosis was headache/migraine. RESULTS: Headache related cases represented 3.8% of all the visits, a total of 2354 subjects. The median age was 10 years and 52.6% were female. The most frequent diagnoses were as follow: headaches (21.3%), upper respiratory infections (18.4%), and migraines (6.1%). There were 4 cases of meningitis, 6,5% of all patients underwent computed tomography which was mostly requested in school-age children and adolescents. The average time from the first medical observation until discharge was 85 minutes. Fifty-five percent did not take any pain relief medication, 17.2% took acetaminophen, and 11.1% took ibuprofen. Patients who received ondansetron had less revisits (P = 0.000). Subjects with mild-moderate pain treated with acetaminophen or no medication had more revisits (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Secondary benign headaches were the most common and very rarely headache as a symptom was associated with life-threatening situations. Antiemetics seem to be efficient ally in the treatment of primary headaches, but it is important to consider alternative pharmacological regimes in patients who present with higher pain scores.

The Effects of Concurrent Training Combining Both Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Syndrome.

To date, there are several knowledge gaps on how to properly prescribe concurrent training to achieve the best dose-response, especially regarding the optimal intensity or volume of the aerobic component. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise modes and intensities [i.e. aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) combined with a resistance training (RT) program] on metabolic outcomes in participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty-nine men and women (67.0 ± 6.7 years) volunteered to a 12-weeks exercise intervention (3 week-1, 50 min/session) and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) RT plus MICT (RT+MICT) (2 males; 11 females); (b) RT plus HIIT (RT+HIIT) (4 males; 9 females); and (c) control group (CON) - without formal exercise (4 males; 9 females). Intensity was established between 60 and 70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) in RT+MICT and ranged from 55-65% to 80-90% HRmax in the RT+HIIT group. Dependent outcomes included morphological, metabolic and hemodynamic variables. Both training groups improved waist circumference (RT+MICT: P = 0.019; RT+HIIT: P = 0.003), but not body weight, fat mass or fat-free mass (P ≥ 0.114). RT+HIIT group improved fasting glucose (P = 0.014), low density lipoprotein [LDL (P = 0.022)], insulin (P = 0.034) and homeostatic model assessment (P = 0.028). RT+MICT group reduced triglycerides (P = 0.053). Both exercise interventions did not change high sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, systolic, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure (P ≥ 0.05). The CON group reduced the LDL (P = 0.031). This trial suggests that short-term exercise mode and intensity may differently impact the metabolic profile of individuals with MetS. Further, our data suggests that both concurrent trainings promote important cardiometabolic gains, particularly in the RT+HIIT. Nonetheless, due to the small-to-moderate effect size and the short-term intervention length, our data suggests that the intervention length also has an important modulating role in these benefits in older adults with MetS. Therefore, more research is needed to confirm our results using longer exercise interventions and larger groups.

Effect of Carrageenans on Vegetable Jelly in Humans with Hypercholesterolemia.

Changes in lipid profile constitute the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Algae extracted carrageenans are long-chain polysaccharides and their ability to form gels provides for the formation of vegetable jelly. The objective was to evaluate the bioactive potential of carrageenan (E407) in the lipid profile, after ingestion of jelly. A total of 30 volunteers of both sexes, aged 20-64 years and with total cholesterol (TC) values ≥200 mg/dL, who ingested 100 mL/day of jelly for 60 days, were studied. All had two venous blood collections: before starting the jelly intake and after 60 days. At both times, TC, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), were evaluated using commercial kits and spectrophotometer. The statistics were performed using the SPSS 25.0 software and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Serum values after 60 days of jelly intake revealed a statistically significant decrease in TC levels (5.3%; p = 0.001) and LDL-C concentration (5.4%; p = 0.048) in females. The daily intake of vegetable jelly for 60 days showed a reduction in serum TC and LDL-C levels in women, allowing us to conclude that carrageenan has bioactive potential in reducing TC concentration.

Eficácia de um programa educacional baseado no empowerment na perceção de autoeficácia em utentes com diabetes / Effectiveness of an empowerment-based educational program in self-efficacy perception in patients with diabetes / Eficacia de un programa educativo basado en el empoderamiento en la percepción de la autoeficacia en pacientes con diabetes

Enquadramento: Estudos sugerem que modelos educativos baseados no empowerment, implementados em pessoas com diabetes, poderão fomentar a melhoria da autoeficácia percecionada. Esta variável é considerada relevante na autogestão do regime terapêutico. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia de um programa educacional baseado no empowerment, na perceção de autoeficácia, em utentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodologia: Estudo quasi-experimental, com avaliação antes e após implementação do programa, com intervalo de 6 semanas. Amostra aleatória randomizada, constituída por 42 participantes (grupo experimental = 19; grupo de controlo = 23), inscritos numa unidade de saúde familiar da Administração Regional de Saúde do Centro. O Diabetes empowerment Scale - Short Form (DES-SF) foi o instrumento utilizado para determinar a eficácia do programa. Foram assegurados todos os procedimentos formais e éticos. Resultados: Os utentes submetidos a um programa educativo baseado no empowerment apresentaram uma maior perceção de autoeficácia (p = 0,000), comparativamente com aqueles que seguiram o regular protocolo de vigilância. Conclusão: Os programas educacionais baseados no empowerment parecem contribuir para uma melhoria da autoeficácia percebida, pelo que poderão ser assumidos como estratégias a aplicar a utentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Background: Studies suggest that empowerment-based educational models, implemented in patients with diabetes, may encourage the improvement of perceived self-efficacy. This variable is considered relevant in the therapeutic regimen self-management. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an empowerment-based educational program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study, with two different evaluation moments, with a 6-week interval. A randomized sample of 42 participants (experimental group = 19; control group = 23), registered in a family health unit of the ARS of Central Portugal. The Diabetes empowerment Scale - Short Form (DES-SF) was the instrument chosen to determine the program's effectiveness. All formal and ethical procedures were assured. Results: Patients subjected to the empowerment-based educational program presented a higher self-efficacy perception (p = 0.000) than those who followed the regular surveillance protocol. Conclusion: empowerment-based educational programs seem to contribute to an improvement in perceived self-efficacy and should, therefore, be used as an educational strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Marco contextual: Los estudios sugieren que los modelos educativos basados en el empoderamiento, implementados en personas con diabetes, pueden fomentar la mejora de la autoeficacia percibida. Esta variable se considera relevante en el autocontrol del régimen terapéutico. Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de un programa educativo basado en el empoderamiento y la percepción de la autoeficacia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental, con evaluación antes y después de la implementación del programa, con un intervalo de 6 semanas. Muestra aleatoria, compuesta por 42 participantes (grupo experimental = 19; grupo de control = 23), inscritos en una unidad de salud familiar de la Administración Regional de Salud del Centro. La Diabetes empowerment Scale - Short Form (DES-SF) fue el instrumento utilizado para determinar la efectividad del programa. Se garantizaron todos los procedimientos formales y éticos. Resultados: Los pacientes que se sometieron a un programa educativo basado en el empoderamiento tuvieron una mayor percepción de la autoeficacia (p = 0,000) en comparación con los que siguieron el protocolo de vigilancia regular. Conclusión: Los programas educativos basados en el empoderamiento parecen contribuir a mejorar la autoeficacia percibida, por lo que pueden asumirse como estrategias para aplicar a los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.