Photorefractive keratectomy in young Asian aviators with low-moderate myopia.

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence of myopia among Asians led the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) to introduce photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) as a means of enlarging its pilot recruitment pool at the end of 2005. This study aims to address the efficacy and safety of PRK performed on young Asian patients with low-moderate myopia, as well as audit the RSAF's corneal refractive surgery (CRS) program. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series of 149 eyes of 76 consecutive patients that underwent PRK as part of the RSAF CRS program over the 5-yr period from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. RESULTS: The median patient age was 21 yr (range, 18-26 yr) and the mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was -3.39 - 1.19 D. Of the patients, 96.1% were men and all were of Asian origin. At the 12-mo follow-up, 98.5% of eyes had an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of < or = 0.00 LogMAR, 100.0% of eyes had an SE refraction of within + 0.50 D of intended correction, and 2.300% of eyes had a loss of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0.20 LogMAR. The cumulative incidence of retreatments was 6.7% and cumulative incidence of grade II or worse corneal haze requiring retreatment was 6.0%. Refractive stability was achieved at 3 mo postsurgery. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that PRK performed within the context of a stringent and structured CRS program on young Asian eyes with low-moderate myopia is both efficacious and safe, with refractive stability achieved by 3 mo.

Contact urticaria from an oxygen mask in a military pilot.

Contact urticaria is a transient, wheal-and-flare response at the site of contact with a substance. We report a case of a military fighter pilot, with a background history of seborrheic dermatitis and steroid-induced facial skin atrophy, who subsequently developed contact urticaria from an oxygen facemask. Skin protection products such as barrier creams were used to try and minimize the provocation of contact urticaria from the oxygen mask whenever he flew, but without success. He was eventually permanently restricted from flying fighter aircraft.

Vertebral fracture in a pilot during centrifuge training: finding of osteopenia.

We report on a case of an F-16 pilot who suffered a compression fracture of the L5 vertebral body during centrifuge training. The pilot sustained the injury during a rapid onset to 6 G run. He was subsequently diagnosed to have osteopenia with a bone mineral density T-score of -1.95. This report discusses the medical and operational management of the pilot with this rare condition. The pilot has since returned to flying duties, albeit in a transportplatform.