Symptomatic gallstone disease: Recurrence patterns and risk factors for relapse after first admission, the RELAPSTONE study.

BACKGROUND: Delayed cholecystectomy in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease is associated with recurrence. Limited data on the recurrence patterns and the factors that determine them are available. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the pattern of relapse in each symptomatic gallstone disease (acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, symptomatic choledocholithiasis, and biliary colic) and determine the associated factors. METHODS: RELAPSTONE was an international multicenter retrospective cohort study. Patients (n = 3016) from 18 tertiary centers who suffered a first episode of symptomatic gallstone disease from 2018 to 2020 and had not undergone cholecystectomy during admission were included. The main outcome was relapse-free survival. Kaplan-Meier curves were used in the bivariate analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors associated with relapses. RESULTS: Mean age was 76.6 [IQR: 59.7-84.1], and 51% were male. The median follow-up was 5.3 months [IQR 2.1-12.4]. Relapse-free survival was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.77-0.80) at 3 months, 0.71 (95% CI: 0.69-0.73) at 6 months, and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.61-0.65) at 12 months. In multivariable analysis, older age (HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.49-0.66), sphincterotomy (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.49-0.68) and higher leukocyte count (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70-0.90) were independently associated with lower risk of relapse, whereas higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (HR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.46) and multiple cholelithiasis (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34) were associated with higher relapse rates. CONCLUSION: The relapse rate is high and different in each symptomatic gallstone disease. Our independent predictors could be useful for prioritizing patients on the waiting list for cholecystectomies.

Surgical site occurrence after prophylactic use of mesh for prevention of incisional hernia in midline laparotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: The use of mesh is the standard for the prevention of incisional hernia (IH). However, the effect of surgical site occurrence (SSO) has never been compared. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of SSO and measure its negative effect through the calculation of the number needed to treat for net effect (NNT net). METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of SSO and IH, and the secondary objective was to determine the NNT net as a metric to measure the combined benefits and harms. Only published clinical trials were included. The risk of bias was analyzed, and the random effects model was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies comparing 2344 patients were included. The incidence of IH was significantly lower in the mesh group than in the control group, with an OR of 0.29 (95% CI 0.16-0.49, p = 0.0001). The incidence of SSO was higher in the mesh group than in the control group, with an OR of 1.21 (95% CI 0.85-1.72, p = 0.0001) but without statistical significance. Therefore, the way to compare the benefits and risks of each of the studies was done with the calculation of the NNT net, which is the average number of patients who need to be treated to see the benefit exceeding the harm by one event, and the result was 5, which is the average number of patients who need to be treated to see the benefit exceeding the harm by one event. CONCLUSION: The use of mesh reduces the prevalence of IH and it does not increases the prevalence of SSO, the NNT net determined that the use of mesh continues to be beneficial for the patient.

Abdominal wound dehiscence and incisional hernia prevention in midline laparotomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Incisional hernia (IH) is the main complication after laparotomy. In an attempt to reduce this complication, mesh techniques and studies in which the closure technique is modified have been proposed. Both types are characterized by comparison with the closure described as standard or conventional: 1 × 1, mass, and continuous closure. For this study, modified closure techniques (MCTs) were considered as those techniques in which an extra suture is placed (reinforced tension line (RTL), retention), the closure point is modified in distance (small bites) or shape (CLDC, Smead Jones, interrupted, Cardiff point) and which aim to reduce these complications. The objective of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the effectiveness of MCTs for reducing the incidence of IH and abdominal wound dehiscence (AWD) to provide objective support for their recommendation. METHODS: An NMA was performed according to the PRISMA-NMA guidelines. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of IH and AWD, and the secondary objective was to determine the incidence of postoperative complications. Only published clinical trials were included. The risk of bias was analyzed, and the random-effects model was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: Twelve studies comparing 3540 patients were included. The incidence of HI was lower in RTL, retention suture, and small bites, these techniques showed statistical differences with pooled ORs (95% CI) of 0.28 (0.09-0.83), 0.28 (0.13-0.62), and 0.44 (0.31-0.62), respectively. Associated complications, including hematoma, seroma, and postoperative pain, could not be analyzed; however, MCTs did not increase the risk of surgical site infection. CONCLUSION: Small bites, RTL, and retention sutures decreased the prevalence of IH. RTL and retention suture decreased the prevalence of AWD. RTL was the best technique as it reduced both complications (IH and AWD) and had the best SUCRA and P-scores, and the number needed to treat (NNT) for net effect was 3. REGISTRATION: This study was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database under registration number CRD42021231107.

Non-inferiority comparative clinical trial between early oral REFEEDING and usual oral REFEEDING in predicted mild acute biliary pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare the onset of oral feeding in the first 24 h after hospital admission with usual oral refeeding and determine whether the timing of the onset of oral feeding influences the recurrence of pain or alters the blood levels of pancreatic enzymes in patients with predicted mild acute biliary pancreatitis. METHODS: This non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was carried out between September 2018 and June 2019 after receiving authorization from the ethics committee for health research. Patients with a diagnosis of predicted mild acute biliary pancreatitis were divided into Group A (early oral refeeding, EOR) and Group B (usual oral refeeding, UOR). Outcome measures included pancreatic lipase levels, the systemic inflammatory response (concentrations of leukocytes), feasibility (evaluated by abdominal pain recurrence), the presence and recurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Two patients in the EOR group experienced pain relapse (3.2%), and four patients in the UOR group experienced pain relapse (6.77%) after oral refeeding (p = 0.379). The presence of nausea or vomiting after the onset of oral refeeding was not different between the two groups (p = 0.293). The onset of oral refeeding was approximately 48 h later in the UOR group. The length of hospital stay was 5 days in the EOR group and 8 days in the UOR group (p = 0.042), and this difference was also manifested in higher hospital costs in the UOR group (p = 0.0235). CONCLUSION: Compared with usual oral refeeding, early oral refeeding is safe in predicted mild acute biliary pancreatitis patients, does not cause adverse gastrointestinal events, and reduces the length of hospital stay and costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Early oral refeeding in mild acute pancreatitis (EORVsUOR). NCT04168801 , retrospectively registered (November 19, 2019).

Incidencia del síndrome de Burnout en residentes de terapia intensiva en hospitales de tercer nivel estudio multicéntrico internacional (estudio INCIBUS) / Incidence of Burnout syndrome in intensive care residents in third-level hospitals. International multicentre study (INCIBUS study) / Incidência da síndrome de Burnout em residentes de terapia intensiva em hospitais de terceiro nível estudo multicêntrico internacional (estudo INCIBUS)

Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de Burnout es una entidad que surge de una respuesta continua a condiciones de estrés crónico en ambientes de alta demanda de atención. La literatura internacional reporta la presentación de este síndrome entre residentes de 27 a 75%, dependiendo de la especialidad. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia del síndrome en residentes de terapia intensiva en hospitales de tercer nivel de atención en Norteamérica. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, observacional. Población: Residentes de Terapia Intensiva, en hospitales de tercer nivel (México y Canadá). Se empleó cuestionario Maslach, análisis SPSS 25, estadística descriptiva para distribución de variables, comparación entre grupos U de Mann-Whitney, comparación entre grupos prueba exacta de Fisher, p < 0.05. Resultados: El síndrome de Burnout está presente en 100% de los residentes de cuidados críticos estudiados. Conclusión: El síndrome de Burnout tiene una alta incidencia en residentes de cuidados críticos de hospitales de tercer nivel en Norteamérica. Se requiere mayor número de estudios, evaluar diferencias en programas de residencias para tener más información de la presentación de este síndrome en una de las especialidades que demandan el más alto nivel de atención y cuidado en los pacientes.

Abstract: Introduction: Burnout syndrome is an entity that arises from a continuous response to conditions of chronic stress in environments with high demand for attention. International literature reports presentation of this syndrome among residents from 27 to 75%, depending on the specialty. Objective: To know incidence of syndrome in residents of intensive care in hospitals of third level of care in North America. Material and methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Population: Intensive therapy residents, in third level hospitals (Mexico and Canada). Maslach questionnaire was used, SPSS 25 analysis, descriptive statistics for distribution of variables, comparison between Whitney U Mann groups, comparison between Fisher's exact test groups, p < 0.05. Results: Burnout syndrome is present in 100% of the critical care residents studied. Conclusion: Burnout syndrome has a high incidence in critical care residents of tertiary hospitals in North America. More studies are required, evaluate differences in residency programs to have more information about the presentation of this syndrome in one of the specialties that demand highest level of attention and care in patients.

Resumo: Introdução: A síndrome de Burnout é uma entidade que surge de uma resposta contínua a condições de estresse crônico em ambientes de alta demanda de atenção. A literatura internacional relata a apresentação dessa síndrome entre os residentes de 27 a 75%, dependendo da especialidade. Objetivo: Conhecer a incidência da síndrome em residentes de terapia intensiva em hospitais de terceiro nível na América do Norte. Material e métodos: Estudo prospectivo, transversal, observacional. População: Residentes de terapia intensiva, em hospitais de terceiro nível (México e Canadá). Utilizou-se o questionário Maslach, análise SPSS 25, estatística descritiva para distribuição das variáveis, comparação entre os grupos Whitney U Mann, comparação entre os grupos de teste exato de Fisher, p < 0.05. Resultados: A síndrome de Burnout está presente em 100% dos residentes de terapia intensiva estudados. Conclusão: A síndrome de Burnout tem alta incidência em residentes de terapia intensiva de hospitais de terceiro nível na América do Norte. Requeremos mais estudos para avaliar as diferenças nos programas de residência para obter mais informações sobre a apresentação dessa síndrome em uma das especialidades que demandam o mais alto nível de atendimento e atendimento em pacientes.