Thermal properties and radical monitoring after gamma, X-ray, and electron beam irradiation in polyamides.

Ionizing radiation induced transformations in materials were monitored through tracking of the generation and degradation processes of radical species. Consequently, the types and quantities of radicals were determined by electron spin resonance (ESR). Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to assess the impact of irradiation on the material crystallinity. The effects of gamma rays, X-rays, and electron beams were investigated on different polyamides, which exhibit an ESR signal up to 60 days. DSC results showed no significant effect of irradiation on the melting peak temperature of the materials, indicating that the amount of radicals generated was not large enough to induce a significant alteration of the material's macrostructure.

Radiolysis of myoglobin concentrated gels by protons: specific changes in secondary structure and production of carbon monoxide.

While particle therapy has been used for decades for cancer treatment, there is still a lack of information on the molecular mechanisms of biomolecules radiolysis by accelerated ions. Here, we examine the effects of accelerated protons on highly concentrated native myoglobin, by means of Fourier transform infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopies. Upon irradiation, the secondary structure of the protein is drastically modified, from mostly alpha helices conformation to mostly beta elements at highest fluence. These changes are accompanied by significant production of carbon monoxide, which was shown to come from heme degradation under irradiation. The radiolytic yields of formation of denatured protein, carbon monoxide, and of heme degradation were determined, and found very close to each other: G+denatured Mb ≈ G+CO ≈ G-heme = 1.6 × 10-8 ± 0.1 × 10-8 mol/J = 0.16 ± 0.01 species/100 eV. The denaturation of the protein to a beta structure and the production of carbon monoxide under ion irradiation are phenomena that may play an important role in the biological effects of ionizing radiation.

Quantitative estimation of track segment yields of water radiolysis species under heavy ions around Bragg peak energies using Geant4-DNA.

We evaluate the track segment yield G' of typical water radiolysis products (eaq-, ·OH and H2O2) under heavy ions (He, C and Fe ions) using a Monte Carlo simulation code in the Geant4-DNA. Furthermore, we reproduce experimental results of ·OH of He and C ions around the Bragg peak energies (< 6 MeV/u). In the relatively high energy region (e.g., > 10 MeV/u), the simulation results using Geant4-DNA have agreed with experimental results. However, the G-values of water radiolysis species have not been properly evaluated around the Bragg peak energies, at which high ionizing density can be expected. Around the Bragg peak energy, dense continuous secondary products are generated, so that it is necessary to simulate the radical-radical reaction more accurately. To do so, we added the role of secondary products formed by irradiation. Consequently, our simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results and previous simulations not only in the high-energy region but also around the Bragg peak. Several future issues are also discussed regarding the roles of fragmentation and multi-ionization to realize more realistic simulations.