[Impact of neurobiofeedback by beta rhythm of the brain on the functional state of cardiovascular system of athletes with different motor activity]. / Vliyanie neirobioupravleniya po beta-ritmu golovnogo mozga na funktsional'noe sostoyanie serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy sportsmenov s raznym kharakterom dvigatel'noi deyatel'nosti.

Recovery of athletes after strenuous muscular activity is one of the most up-to-date trends in current sports medicine. Therefore, neurobiofeedback technology, a complex of ideas for methods, based on biological feedback, is sufficiently promising. Available studies of neurobiofeedback by beta rhythm use in clinical medicine indicate a powerful therapeutic and rehabilitative potential of the method with pronounced correction of higher mental functions activity, volitional control and voluntary regulation of activity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of one procedure of neurobiofeedback by beta rhythm of the brain on the cardiovascular system functional state in the athletes with different character of motor activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 1020 male athletes aged 18-21 years. Depending on the motor activity, patients were divided into 5 groups: 1st group - cyclic sports athletes (38%); 2nd group - speed-power sports athletes (25%); 3rd group - combat sport athletes (3%); 4th group - team sports athletes (17%) and 5th group - athletes of complex coordination sports (17%). The procedure of neurobiofeedback by beta rhythm of the brain was done in the conditions of active waking at open eyes. Registration of bioelectric activity of the brain and training on beta rhythm were done in the Fz-Cz lead by the international system «10-20¼ with the arrangement of indifferent electrode on the earlobe of the subjects (PAC «BOSLAB¼, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia). RESULTS: Heterochronic pattern of changes in the indicators of systemic pressure, cardiac and vascular activity of the athletes' body during a single procedure of neurobiofeedback by beta rhythm of the brain in the preparation period of the training process, depending on the character of athletic activities, was found. In response to the impact, the following indicators have changed significantly: heart rate and index of functional changes in combat sport athletes (3rd group); stroke and cardiac output in all groups. Cardiovascular regulation index and specific peripheral vascular resistance significantly increased in the groups 2-5. Cardiac index significantly decreased in the groups 1, 2, 4 and 5. Qualitative changes in types of blood circulation occurred in all groups: in groups 1, 3 and 5 - from hyperkinetic to eukinetic, in group 2 - from hyperkinetic to hypokinetic, in group 4 - from eukinetic to hypokinetic, contributing to the economization of cardiovascular activity function. CONCLUSION: The use of neurobiofeedback by the beta rhythm of the brain in the practice of sports medicine requires additional detailed research of the features and development of individual methods depending on the type of athletic activity, features of cardiac activity regulation, etc.

[Effects of the beta-stimulating training in recovery of adaptive reserves in athletes of different sports]. / Effekty beta-stimuliruyushchego treninga v vosstanovlenii adaptatsionnykh rezervov u sportsmenov s raznoi napravlennost'yu trenirovochnogo protsessa.

Application of the beta rhythm neurofeedback is mainly dealt with when considering issues related to improving attention for clinical or preventive purposes. Cognitive and autonomic interactions formed with the help of biofeedback training, changing the function of autonomic and visceral systems, qualitatively improve the efficiency of any activity, including athletic activity, the nature of which is predetermined by the type of sports. OBJECTIVE: To identify effects of the beta-stimulating training in recovery of adaptive reserves in athletes of different sports. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included young male athletes aged 18-22 years (n=1020), distributed according to the type of sports: group 1 - cyclic sports (n=387); group 2 - speed-strength sports (n=255); group 3 - single combat (n=31); group 4 - team sports (n=173); group 5 - complex-coordination sports (n=174). The main objective of the beta-stimulating training was to select a strategy to raise the beta rhythm level while muscles were relaxed. For each group, we identified training efficiency periods according to the lowest value of the attention index (θ/ß, c.u.), then we examined distribution of brain rhythms (α, %; ß, %; θ, %) according to EEG. The level of adaptive reserves was identified according to the heart rate variability (HRV) spectral analysis («VNS-Spektr¼, Neurosoft, Ivanovo). RESULTS: We identified following periods of the beta-stimulating training efficiency according to the attention index (θ/ß, c.u.): group 1 - 10th session (game variant); group 2 - 5th session (graphic and game variants); group 3 - 1st and 10th sessions (game variant), 5th session (graphic variant); group 4 (game variant) - 1st, 5th and 10th sessions; group 5 (game variant) - 5th and 10th sessions. The efficiency periods in the observed groups were accompanied by the following distribution of rhythms in the EEG structure: ß-rhythm - 45-60%; θ-rhythm - 20-35%, α-rhythm - 19-25%. During these periods, wave structure of the heart rhythm also changed: the activity of VLF waves increased (%); the proportion of HF waves decreased in the range of 23.3-31.59% in the groups 1, 2 and 3; the share of HF waves increased in the range of 32.3-39.8% in the group 4 at the 1st session and in the group 5 at the 10th session. The values of total power (TP, ms2) reduce at the 10th session in the groups 1, 3 and 4 and at the 5th session in the group 5. The vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF/HF, c.u.) in the studied groups corresponds to the range of normal values; the values increased in the group 2 at the 5th session, in the groups 3 and 4 - at the 5th and 10th sessions, in the 5th group - at the 5th session. The index decreased in the groups 3 and 4 at the 1st session. The index was stable in the groups 1 and 5 at the 10th session of the training. CONCLUSION: Periods of the beta-stimulating training efficiency associated with the improvement of attention according to the lowest values of θ/ß (c.u.) are accompanied by changes in the modulation of the structure of brain rhythms and the wave structure of heart rate variability, optimizing the psychophysiological state of athletes depending on the type of sport, the number of sessions completed and the session variants chosen.

[Influence of biofeedback training on beta rhythm of the brain on the level of anxiety and endogenous time estimation of athletes]. / Vliyanie BOS-treninga po beta-ritmu golovnogo mozga na uroven' trevozhnosti i endogennuyu otsenku vremeni sportsmenami.

The optimal psychophysiological state reflects a high level of adaptation, physical and psychological fitness of athletes for the effective implementation of sports and training activity. The biofeedback technology, based on the principles of biofeedback, allows one to master the skills of regulating the psychophysiological state according to the selected parameters for controlling the physiological function of the body. There is insufficient data on application of neurofeedback of the beta rhythm for regulation of the psychophysiological state in conditions of complex sports activity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of biofeedback training on the beta rhythm of the brain on the level of anxiety and the endogenous time estimation of athletes, depending on the nature of motor activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1020 young men aged 18-21 years old were studied. The biofeedback training on the beta rhythm of the brain was carried out with active wakefulness and open eyes, with a bipolar installation of electrodes in the Fz-Cz lead and a free electrode on the earlobe. The level of anxiety of athletes was identified with the Ch. Spielberger questionnaire [1]. The endogenous time estimation was carried out according to the «Individual minute¼ test (according to F. Halberg) [2]. RESULTS: The biofeedback training contributed to multidirectional changes in the studied psychophysiological indicators, depending on the nature of the motor activity of athletes. After the training, in the group of cyclic sports athletes, there was a decrease in anxiety, remaining in the range of values of a high level, which may reflect the processes of fatigue or under-recovery. Representatives of speed-strength sports had a decrease in anxiety with varying values in the range of a moderate level, which reflects the achievement of a generally comfortable psychophysiological state. In the group of athletes of single combat sports, accelerated perception of time was noted, accompanied by anxiety, fussiness, decreased attention span and increased stress. Athletes of team sports had a unidirectional tendency of increasing anxiety with a variation of values in the range of moderate stress levels, which may be associated with an adaptive transition to a new level of the body functioning after the training. CONCLUSION: The use of the biofeedback training on the beta rhythm of the brain in the practice of sports and rehabilitation medicine requires a thorough and detailed study of its effect on various parameters of the psychophysiological state of athletes. The development of methods for the differential application of the method, taking into account the polymetric characteristics of the initial state, type of sports activity and other factors, calls for special attention.

[Leukocytic component in disseminated intravascular blood coagulation syndrome]. / Leikotsitarnyi komponent pri sindrome disseminirovannogo vnutrisosudistogo svertyvaniia krovi.

The experiments were carried out in nondescript rabbits. The animals were divided into two groups. Administered to both groups rabbits was the drug preparation "Efa-2"; in group II animals, inhibition of granulocytopoiesis was induced with myelosan. Group I rabbits developed hemostatic abnormalities characteristic of the subacute form of DIC-syndrome. Group II rabbits demonstrated hypercoagulation changes. In this way, inhibition of granulocytopoiesis and restriction of entering the blood of neutrophilic leucocytes lysosomal enzymes permit preventing the development of hemostatic disturbances characteristic of the DIC-syndrome by restricting the activity of both the sedimentation system and fibrinolysis.

[Functional state of monocytes and some of their regulatory mechanisms during development of stress reactions]. / Funktsional'nyi stan monotsytiv i deiaki mekhanizmy ioho rehuliatsiï pry rozvytku stres-reaktsiï.

In model researches on laboratory animals, reproducing experimental selective mielodepresion, is established, that at a realization in an organism of a unspecific stress-syndrome, in an outcome immobilization, in circulating neutrofiles the jet changes lysosomal of the vehicle determining increase in whey of activity some them lysosomal enzymes happen, that immediately can render influence to a series of parameters of functional activity monocytes of blood.

[Mechanisms of the effect of circulating neutrophils (granulocytes) in the response of a release reaction of human platelets]. / Mekhanizmy vplyvu tsyrkuliuiuchykh neitrophil'nykh hranulotsytiv na reaktsiiu vyvil'nennia iz trombotsytiv krovi liudyny.

Studied singularities of development platelet release reaction, as of functional activity platelets, at direct effect contents of cytoplasmic granular structures circulating neutrophile leucocytes (granulocytes), possessing a potential capability to selective exocytosis. The model researches were conducted in a system in vitro on isolated viable non active of platelets practically of healthy people. As possible activators the subpopulations them of cytoplasmic granules, distinguished on morphological and enzymetion to indications were applied, previously chosen by methods of an analytical centrifuging from donor neutrophile granulocytes. The development platelets of a response of a release was determined on dynamics quantitative reorganization in platelets an alpha-granules and change of activity in out of platelets to environment of the factor 4 platelets. The capability of a dominance lysosomal initiators neutrophile granulocytes in development of a response of a release of platelets was installed. The scheme of probable trigger participation circulating of neutrophile granulocytes in development syndrome disseminated intravascular coagulation.

[Changes in the lysosomal apparatus of the neutrophilic leukocytes in the disseminated coagulation syndrome]. / Zminy lizosomal'noho aparatu neitrofil'nykh lekotsytiv pry syndromi dysemil'ovanoho zhortannia krovi.

The dependent of DIC development on lysosomal apparatus neutrophils activity was founded. The most severe changes in hemostasis system were registered in the period of maximum acid phosphatus activity.

[The state of hemolysis under the effect of a noninfectious natural stressor with a deficit of insulin]. / Stan hemostazu pry diï stresoru neinfektsiinoï pryrody v umovakh nestachi insulinu.

An influence of animals immobilization with lack of insulin on the condition of systems depended on factor XII was investigated on the experiments under forty-five rabbits. It was determined that the immobilization causes deep violations in the "polysystem" of factor XII that was expressed in discordance of processes of coagulation, fibrinolysis, kininogenesis.

[The effect of the lysosomal function of circulating neutrophils on hemostasis and on the morphological changes in the internal organs in the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. / Vplyv stanu lizosomal'noho aparatu tsyrkuliuiuchykh neitrofiliv na hemostaz ta morfolohichni zminy deiakykh vnutrishnikh orhaniv pry syndromi dyseminovanoho vnutrishn'osudynnoho zhortannia krovi.

Development of experimental the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC syndrome, in organism laboratory animals from affect preparation "EFA-2" by accompanied increase quantity of neutrophiles circulations, modifications of the lysosomal apparatus of neutrophiles the activity of the serum acid phosphatase increased, characteristic damage on hemostasis system and typical alteration in some organs. As a result limitation of number of neutrophiles was achieved of suppression, of granulocytopoiesis by means "Myelosan" pharmacy, did not increase activity in blood serum solution lysosomal enzyme of neutrophils and not development in organism DIC syndrome. Made conclusion, the neutrophils have influence of promotion generalization DIC syndrome.

[The effect of insulin on the function of the lysosomal apparatus of the neutrophilic leukocytes during the formation of a stress syndrome]. / Vplyv insulinu na funktsional'nyi stan lizosomal'noho aparatu neitrofil'nykh leikotsytiv za umov formuvannia stres-syndromu.

In experiments on male rabbits with the lack of insulin it is been revealed violations after the past immobilization the intensivity and duration of neutrophilic leukocytosis decrease, contents of lysosomes in neutrophils, activity of acid phosphatase. By lysosomal ferments don't determine the can observer discordance of processes of coagulation, fibrinolysis, kininogenesis.

[The function of the granulocytic system during immobilization stress with immunostimulation]. / Stan hranulotsytarnoï systemy za umov immobilizatsiinoho stressu pry imunostymuliatsiï.

The experiments have been carried out on 36 rabbits. The animals of the 1st and 2nd groups were put to immobilization lying on their backs for 12 hours. The rabbits of the 2nd group were injected velozenum into peritoneum for 7 days before and after immobilization in order to stimulate immune system. 7-days injection of velozenum caused the evolution of neutrophil leucocytosis, raised the concentration of circulating immune sets. After immobilization neutrophilesis with degradation of neutrophils in both groups of animals that raised activation of acid phosphorus. Neutrophilesis and degradation in the 2nd group were less marked and protracted. The changes of indices, that characterize the state of immune system after immobilization, were purposeful in both 1st and 2nd groups identically, but those changes were less marked in the group of animals which immune systems had been stimulated. So, the stimulation of immune system reduces the activation lysosomal apparatus after immobilization. The regulation of homeostasis is possibly implemented in these conditions with the limited assistance of lysosomal ferments.

[The effect of mercazolyl on the activity of the main hemostatic blood systems under the action of immobilization stress]. / Vplyv merkazolilu na aktivnist' osnovnykh hemostatychnykh system krovi pry diï immobilizatsiinoho stresu.

In the animal experiments (rabbits), a reaction was studied of lysosomal apparatus of the peripheral blood and haemostatic system neutrophilic leucocytes in response to exposure to immobilization stress under depression of thyroid system caused by administration of mercazolilum. Thyroid hormones were ascertained to play their part in regulation of functional activity of Hageman-dependent systems of blood via activation of lysosomal apparatus of neutrophilic leucocytes of the rabbits' blood.

[Changes in the functional state of the lysosomal apparatus of the peripheral blood neutrophilic leukocytes in rabbits under the action of immobilization with thyroid hormone deficiency]. / Zminy funktsional'noho stanu lizosomal'noho aparatu neitrofil'nykh leikotsytiv peryferychnoï krovi kroliv pry diï immobilizatsiï za umov defitsytu tyreoïdnykh hormoniv.

Experiments carried out on rabbits under conditions of the oppression of the thyroid system have revealed that the 12-hour immobilization causes neutrophilic leukocytosis in the peripheral blood, degranulation of neutrophils and intensification of acid phosphatase activity. As against the control group these changes were less marked and lasted for a longer period of time. A conclusion is made that thyroid hormones are necessary components in formation of an adaptive syndrome under the influence of immobilization.

[The effect of immobilization during adrenoreceptor blockade on the neutrophil lysosomal apparatus in rabbits]. / Vliianie immobilizatsii pri blokade adrenoretseptorov na lizosomal'nyi apparat neitrofilov u krolikov.

Peripheral adrenoreceptors were shown to take part in responses of the neutrophil lysosomal apparatus in formation of the stress syndrome. Different mechanisms of neutrophilic leucocytosis and degranulation were suggested.

[Reaction of lysosomes of neutrophilic leukocytes and systems of plasma hemostasis under conditions of immobilization stress in hypothyroidism]. / Reaktsiia lizosom neitrofil'nykh leikotsytiv i system hemostazu plazmy za umov immobilizashchinogo stresu pri hipotyreoïdyzmi.

The reaction of haemostatic system under conditions of the oppression of the thyroid system as the result of the immobilization have been studied in the experiments on rabbits. It has been revealed that the thyroid hormones take part in the regulation of the blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and kininogenesis independently and under stress-syndrome development by the activation of lysosomal apparatus of neutrophilic leukocytes of peripheral blood.

[Morphofunctional changes in the lysosomal apparatus of the peripheral blood neutrophilic leukocytes in aseptic inflammation]. / Morfo-funktsional'ni zminy lizosomal'noho aparatu neitrofil'nykh leikotsytiv peryferychnoï krovi pry aseptychnomu zapalenni.

The investigation was carried out on 47 adult rabbits. The reaction of lysosomal apparatus of neutrophilic leucocytes of peripheral blood was investigated under conditions of aseptic inflammation, caused by intramuscular injection of formaline. The conclusion is made that neutrophilic leucocytosis and a decrease of lysosomes in neutrophils under conditions of inflammation are nonspecific components of a general adaptation syndrome and result from the vivid granulocytopoesis and leucergy process.

[Reaction of the lysosomal apparatus of neutrophilic leukocytes in the peripheral blood and immunoreactivity of the organism during immobilization]. / Reaktsiia lizosomalnoho aparatu neitrofilnykh leikotsytiv peryferychnoi krovi ta imunoreaktyvnist organizmu za umov immobilizatsii.

Experiments carried out on mature rabbits have shown that 12-hours-long immobilization induced in the peripheral blood of animals neutrophilic leukocytosis accompanied by a decrease in the amount of lysosomas and granules of lysosomal cationic proteins in neutrophilocytes. In compliance with this the activity of acid phosphatase (AP), a marker lysosomal enzyme of granulocytes, in the blood serum has grown. Under these conditions we observed guantitative changes in humoral (an increase in the amount of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the lymph as well as in B-cells) and in cellular (general T-lymphopenia, a sharp increase in the number of T-theophylline-sensitive and T-theophylline-resistant lymphocytes) components of the immunity at the initial period of the stress-syndrome formation. It is supposed that there is a definite relation between immunoreactivity of the organism and activity of lysosomal enzymes of neutrophilic granulocytes in the peripheral blood under conditions of immobilization stress.

[Changes in the functional state of lysosomal apparatus of neutrophilic leukocytes in rabbits caused by immobilization with adrenoblockers]. / Zminy funktsionalnogo stanu lizosomalnogo aparatu neitrofilnykh leikotsytiv u krolykiv, sprychyneni immobilizatsiieiu v umovakh zastosuvannia adrenoblokatoriv.

The experiments were carried out on rabbits aimed at elucidating the significance of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors in the reactions of release of lysosomal enzymes of peripheral blood neutrophils in response to the immobilization action. In the process of formation of stress-syndrome under the influence of uninfectious stressor it is noted that alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors take part in the regulation of the activity of the lysosomal apparatus of neutrophil leukocytes and in release of the lysosomal enzymes participating in the regulation of haemostasis through the Hageman-factor.