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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a multiparametric ultrasound imaging omics model in predicting the risk of postoperative recurrence and molecular typing of breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 534 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer through preoperative ultrasonography and pathology, from January 2018 to June 2023 at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Univariate analysis and multifactorial logistic regression modeling were used to identify independent risk factors associated with clinical characteristics. The PyRadiomics package was used to delineate the region of interest in selected ultrasound images and extract radiomic features. Subsequently, radiomic scores were established through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The predictive performance of the model was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy and clinical practicability was conducted through calibration curves and decision curves. RESULTS: In the training set, the AUC values for the postoperative recurrence risk prediction model were 0.9489, and for the validation set, they were 0.8491. Regarding the molecular typing prediction model, the AUC values in the training set and validation set were 0.93 and 0.92 for the HER-2 overexpression phenotype, 0.94 and 0.74 for the TNBC phenotype, 1.00 and 0.97 for the luminal A phenotype, and 1.00 and 0.89 for the luminal B phenotype, respectively. Based on a comprehensive analysis of calibration and decision curves, it was established that the model exhibits strong predictive performance and clinical practicability. CONCLUSION: The use of multiparametric ultrasound imaging omics proves to be of significant value in predicting both the risk of postoperative recurrence and molecular typing in breast cancer. This non-invasive approach offers crucial guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagem , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Medição de Risco/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Idoso , Ultrassonografia Mamária/métodos , Curva ROCRESUMO
Inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) during photothermal therapy (PTT) has the potential to effectively trigger photothermal immunotherapy (PTI). However, ICD induced by PTT alone is often limited by inefficient PTT, low immunogenicity of tumor cells, and a dysregulated redox microenvironment. Herein, we develop MoSe2 nanosheets with high-percentage metallic 1T phase and rich exposed active Mo centers through phase and defect engineering of MoSe2 as an effective nanoagent for PTI. The metallic 1T phase in MoSe2 nanosheets endows them with strong PTT performance, and the abundant exposed active Mo centers endow them with high activity for glutathione (GSH) depletion. The MoSe2-mediated high-performance PTT synergizing with efficient GSH depletion facilitates the release of tumor-associated antigens to induce robust ICD, thus significantly enhancing checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and activating systemic immune response in mouse models of colorectal cancer and triple-negative metastatic breast cancer.
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Imunoterapia , Molibdênio , Terapia Fototérmica , Animais , Camundongos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Humanos , Molibdênio/química , Feminino , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Nanoestruturas/química , Nanoestruturas/uso terapêutico , Glutationa/química , Glutationa/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Morte Celular Imunogênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/terapia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/imunologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Raios Infravermelhos , Selênio/química , Selênio/uso terapêutico , Fototerapia/métodosRESUMO
Radiation-induced in situ tumor vaccination alone is very weak and insufficient to elicit robust antitumor immune responses. In this work, we address this issue by developing chiral vidarabine monophosphate-gadolinium nanowires (aAGd-NWs) through coordination-driven self-assembly. We elucidate the mechanism of aAGd-NW assembly and characterize their distinct features, which include a negative surface charge, ultrafine topography, and right-handed chirality. Additionally, aAGd-NWs not only enhance X-ray deposition but also inhibit DNA repair, thereby enhancing radiation-induced in situ vaccination. Consequently, the in situ vaccination induced by aAGd-NWs sensitizes radiation enhances CD8+ T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity and synergistically potentiates the efficacy immune checkpoint blockade therapies against both primary and metastatic tumors. The well-established aAGd-NWs exhibit exceptional therapeutic capacity and biocompatibility, offering a promising avenue for the development of radioimmunotherapy approaches.
Assuntos
Nanofios , Polímeros , Nanofios/química , Animais , Camundongos , Polímeros/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Gadolínio/química , Gadolínio/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Vacinação/métodos , Neoplasias/imunologiaRESUMO
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a promising biomarker that plays an important role in various biomedical applications, especially in cancer diagnosis. However, the current miRNA detection technology has inherent limitations such as complex operation, expensive testing cost and excessive detection time. In this study, a dual signal amplification biosensor based on DNA-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) fluorescent probes, MFPBiosensor, was established for the enzyme-free and pretreatment-free detection of the colon cancer (CC) marker miR-23a. DNA-functionalized MOFs NH2-MIL-53(Al) (DNA@MOFs) were synthesized as fluorescent probes with specific recognition functions. A single DNA@MOF carries a large number of fluorescent ligands 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH2-H2BDC), which can generate strong fluorescence signals after alkaline hydrolysis. Combined with catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA), an efficient isothermal amplification technique, the dual signal enhancement strategy reduced matrix interference and sensitized the signal response. The established MFPBiosensor successfully detected extremely low levels of miRNA in complex biological samples with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. With a single detection cost of $0.583 and a test time of 50 min, the excellent inexpensive and rapid advantage of the MFPBiosensor is highlighted. More importantly, the subtle design enables the MFPBiosensor to achieve convenient batch detection, where miRNA in serum can be directly detected without any pretreatment process or enzyme. In conclusion, MFPBiosensor is a promising biosensor with substantial potential for commercial miRNA detection and clinical diagnostic applications of CC.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , DNA , Corantes Fluorescentes , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , MicroRNAs , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , MicroRNAs/sangue , MicroRNAs/análise , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Humanos , DNA/química , DNA/sangue , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Screening for illegal use of glucocorticoids (GCs) in cosmetics by electrochemical methods is extremely challenging due to the poor electrochemical activity of GCs. In this study, poly-L-Serine/poly-Taurine modified electrode (P(Tau)/P(L-Ser)/GCE) was prepared for sensitive and direct determination of betamethasone in cosmetics by a simple two-step in situ electropolymerization reaction. The relevant parameters of preparation and electroanalytical conditions were respectively studied, including the concentration of polymerization solution, the number of scanning circles and the scanning rate. The SEM and EDS mapping demonstrated successful preparation of P(Tau)/P(L-Ser)/GCE. The electro-catalytic properties of the obtained electrodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry methods, showing a remarkable improvement of sensitivity for the detection of betamethasone due to the synergic effect of both P(L-Ser) and P(Tau). In addition, we investigated the electrochemical reduction of betamethasone on the surface of modified electrode. It was found that the process was controlled by diffusion effect and involved the transfer of two electrons and two protons. Then the electrochemical sensor method based on P(Tau)/P(L-Ser)/GCE was established and delivered a linear response to betamethasone concentration from 0.5 to 20 µg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 32.2 ng mL-1, with excellent recoveries (98.1%-106.8%) and relative standard deviations (ï¼4.8%). Furthermore, the established electrochemical sensor method was compared with conventional HPLC method. The results showed that both of them were comparable. Moreover, the established electrochemical sensor method was with the merits of short analysis time, environmentally friendly, low cost and easy to achieve in-site detection.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Betametasona , Polimerização , Eletrodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Poly(amino acid)s (PAAs) are one kind of favorable biopolymer that can be used as a drug or gene carrier. However, conventional ring-opening polymerization of PAAs is slow and needs a strict anhydrous environment with an anhydrous reagent as well as the product without enough high molecular weight (Mn), which limits the expanding of PAAs' application. Herein, we took BLG-NCA as the monomer to quickly synthesize one kind of high Mn amphiphilic copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamic acid) (PEG-PBLG), by relay polymerization with a simple one-pot method within 3 h in mild conditions (open air, moisture insensitive). In the polymerization process, ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly in sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution first occurred to obtain low Mn PEG-PBLG seeds without purification. Then γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) dichloromethane solution was added into PEG-PBLG seeds directly and stirred vigorously to form am emulsion; during this process, the amphiphilic PEG-PBLG seeds will anchor on the interface of DCM and water to ensure the concentration of α-helix rigid PBLG in DCM to maintain the following relay polymerization. Then, high Mn PEG-PBLG was obtained in mild conditions in one pot. We found that the α-helix rigid structure was essential for relay polymerization by studying the synthetic speed of amphiphilic copolymer with different secondary structures. MOE simulation results showed that PBLG and BLG-NCA tended to form a double hydrogen bond, which was beneficial to relay polymerization because of higher local concentrations that can produce more double hydrogen bonds. Our strategy can quickly obtain high Mn PEG-PBLG (224.9 KDa) within 3 h from PEG-NH2 and BLG-NCA in one pot and did not need an extra initiator. After deprotection, the poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-glutamate acid) (PEG-PGA) with high Mn as a second product can be used as an excellent antitumor drug carrier. The high Mn PEG-PGA can achieve an encapsulation rate of 86.7% and a drug loading rate of 47.3%, which is twice that of the low Mn PEG-PGA. As a result, the synthesis of PEG-PBLG by relay polymerization simplified the process of PEG-PAA polymerization and increased the Mn. In addition, this method opened a way to obtain other kinds of high Mn PEG-PBLG values in the future.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Anidridos , Glutamatos , Polietilenoglicóis , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Aminoácidos/química , Polimerização , Ácido Glutâmico , Peso Molecular , Polímeros/química , Ácido Poliglutâmico/químicaRESUMO
Multiple reports relate new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) to poor clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a reliable indicator of immunonutritional-inflammatory status, and it is linked to clinical outcomes in cardiovascular disease patients. This research aims to explore the relationship between NOAF and PNI.Overall, 600 STEMI patients treated with PCI were recruited for this retrospective analysis. The patients were categorized into the NOAF group or sinus rhythm (SR) group. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to assess PNI estimation. Lastly, the Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare all-cause mortality between both groups.The combined NOAF incidence in PCI-treated STEMI patients was 7.7%. PNI was independently correlated with NOAF using multivariate regression analyses (odds ratio [OR], 0.824; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.750-0.906; P < 0.001). In ROC curve analyses, the best PNI threshold value for predicting NOAF was 40.1, with sensitivity, and specificity of 76.09% and 71.30%, respectively area under the curve, 0.787; 95% CI, 0.752-0.819; P < 0.001). After a median of 41-month follow-up, the Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that the NOAF patients displayed an elevated all-cause death incidence compared with SR patients, with a log-rank of P = 0.005.This study demonstrated that PNI is an independent predictor of NOAF in STEMI patients during hospitalization after PCI, which is strongly correlated with a poor outcome upon discharge.
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Developing multifunctional nanozymes with photothermal-augmented enzyme-like reaction dynamics in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) biowindow is of significance for nanocatalytic therapy (NCT). Herein, DNA-templated Ag@Pd alloy nanoclusters (DNA-Ag@Pd NCs) are prepared as a kind of novel noble-metal alloy nanozymes by using cytosine-rich hairpin-shaped DNA structures as growth templates. DNA-Ag@Pd NCs exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency (59.32%) under 1270 nm laser and photothermally augmented peroxidase-mimicking activity with synergetic enhancement between Ag and Pd. In addition, hairpin-shaped DNA structures on the surface of DNA-Ag@Pd NCs endow them with good stability and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced permeability and retention effect at tumor sites. Upon intravenous injection, DNA-Ag@Pd NCs demonstrate high-contrast NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided efficient photothermal-augmented NCT of gastric cancer. This work provides a strategy to synthesize versatile noble-metal alloy nanozymes in a bioinspired way for highly efficient therapy of tumors.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Técnicas Fotoacústicas , Humanos , Luz , Neoplasias/terapia , Terapia Fototérmica , Ligas , Fototerapia , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Increasing infiltration of CD8+ T cells can enhance the response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. In contrast, immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an effective strategy to increase CD8+ T cell infiltration. Cuproptosis is newly defined and reported by Tsvetkov et al. A Cu-coordinated covalent organic framework (COF) in which two valence states of copper ions are simultaneously loaded is prepared. On the one hand, Cu2+ undergoes a valence shift generating Cu+ which acts as an effective Fenton-like reagent to catalyze the production of · OH and 1 O2 from cellular overexpressed H2 O2 , causing DNA damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO), which directly produce cytotoxicity. On the other hand, residual Cu2+ can effectively deplete endogenous cellular glutathione (GSH), converting it into glutathione disulfide (GSSG), further increasing intracellular oxidative stress and reducing the scavenging of ROS, thus further enhancing the Fenton-like effect and bringing toxic effects on tumor cells. The synergy of these two functions achieves ICD, helping for transforming "cold tumor" into "hot tumor" and efficient anti-tumor effects eventually. This work provides new insights into coordinated COF and inspire the development of more versatile COF for biomedical applications.
Assuntos
Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Cobre , Morte Celular Imunogênica , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Glutationa , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
The illegal addition of progesterone to cosmetics could cause serious adverse reactions and pose a serious threat to human health. In this work, a simple, fast and sensitive method was developed by combining molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (MISPE-HPLC) for the selective determination of progesterone in cosmetics. Chitosan-modified silica is used as the carrier to provide binding sites for the effective conjugation of the target. The obtained molecularly imprinted polymers exhibited excellent adsorption capacity (36.2 mg·g-1), good selectivity and fast mass transfer rate for progesterone. Meanwhile, the prepared MISPE column could eliminate the interference of co-existing substances. Combined MISPE with HPLC, a selective and effective method for detecting progesterone in different cosmetics was achieved. Under the optimum conditions, the established MISPE-HPLC method was successfully used for the detection of progesterone in real samples. The linear range of this method was 1 to 200 µg·mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.016 µg·mL-1. Therefore, this method could be used for the selective and effective detection of progesterone in different cosmetic samples with complex substrates. We provided an alternative method for the detection of illegal additions in cosmetics.
Assuntos
Impressão Molecular , Progesterona , Humanos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Impressão Molecular/métodosRESUMO
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a series of ubiquitous natural toxins in flowering plants, which are associated with serious hepatic disease in humans. However, the simultaneously fast and sensitive monitoring of different PAs are still challenge because of the diversity of PAs and huge amount of interference in complex samples, such as scented tea samples. In this study, molecularly imprinted solid phase microextraction (MIP-SPME) fibers were fabricated by using multi-template imprinting technique for selective recognition and efficient enrichment of different PAs from scented teas. MIP-SPME could be used for selective adsorption of ten types of PAs through specific recognition cavity and strong ionic interaction, including senecionine, lycopsamine, retrorsine, heliotrine, lasiocarpine, monocrotaline, echimidine, erucifoline, europine and seneciphylline. The extraction parameters were also optimized including extraction time, elution solvent and elution time. Then, ultra performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) coupled with MIP-SPME method was developed for fast, simple, sensitive and accurate determination of ten PAs in scented teas. The established method was validated and presented satisfactory accuracy and high precision. It was also successfully applied for simultaneous determination of ten PAs in different scented tea samples. PAs were found in most of these scented tea samples, which suggest the cautious use of scented tea for consumers.
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Despite increasing recognition of extracellular vesicles being important circulating biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis, current strategies for extracellular vesicle detection remain limited due to the compromised sample purification and extensive labeling procedures in complex body fluids. Here, we developed a 2D magnetic platform that greatly improves capture efficiency and readily realizes visible signal conversion for extracellular vesicle detection. The technology, termed high-affinity recognition and visual extracellular vesicle testing (HARVEST), leverages 2D flexible Fe3O4-MoS2 nanostructures to recognize extracellular vesicles through multidentate affinity binding and feasible magnetic separation, thus enhancing the extracellular vesicle capture performance with both yield and separation time, affording high sensitivity with the detection limit of 20 extracellular vesicle particles/µL. Through integration with lipid labeling chemistry and the fluorescence visualization system, the platform enables rapid and visible detection. The number of extracellular vesicles can be feasibly determined by smart mobile phones, readily adapted for point-of-care diagnosis. When clinically evaluated, the strategy accurately differentiates melanoma samples from the normal cohort with an AUC of 0.98, demonstrating the efficient extracellular vesicle detection strategy with 2D flexible platforms for cancer diagnosis.
Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares , Molibdênio , Humanos , Molibdênio/metabolismo , Biomimética , Vesículas Extracelulares/química , Biomarcadores/análise , Lipídeos/análiseRESUMO
Hydrocortisone (HC), as a common steroid hormone drug, is also one of the key intermediates involved in the synthesis of multiple steroid hormone drugs. Residual HC in pharmaceutical wastewater frequently pollutes environmental water as steroid hormone contaminant and possesses great threat to human health as well as sustainable development of the ecosystem. Herein, in order to develop a highly efficient adsorbent system for selective enrichment and detection of HC in pharmaceutical wastewater, a novel amino-functionalized aluminum-based metal organic frameworks (Al-MOFs@NH2) mesoporous nanorod is fabricated, in which 2-aminoterephthalic acid plays a dual role as organic linker and functional modification unit. The resultant Al-MOFs@NH2 not only exhibits stable mesoporous structure but also has large specific surface area (849.76 m2 g-1) and plentiful binding sites, which significantly increases the adsorption capacity for HC. Under the promotion of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction together, Al-MOFs@NH2 possesses high adsorption capacity (218.53 mg g-1) for HC, as well as shows satisfactory selectivity for HC and other steroid hormones. Moreover, a method using Al-MOFs@NH2 as solid phase extraction adsorbents combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed to specifically enrich and detect trace amount of HC in pharmaceutical wastewater. The developed method has a low limit of detection (LOD) (0.5×10-3 µg mL-1) and shows satisfactory recoveries for HC (75.9%-102.5%) with an acceptable relative standard deviation (RSD). These results demonstrate that the facile one-step preparation and excellent adsorption capacity makes Al-MOFs@NH2 attractive to capture and remove environmental steroid hormone pollutants. More importantly, the method proposed in this work is expected to provide a prospective solution for analysis of strong bioactive contaminants in pharmaceutical wastewater.
Assuntos
Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Nanotubos , Adsorção , Alumínio , Ecossistema , Humanos , Hidrocortisona , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Estudos Prospectivos , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Águas ResiduáriasRESUMO
Silica nanoparticles hold tremendous potential for the encapsulation of enzymes. However, aqueous alcohol solutions and catalysts are prerequisites for the production of silica nanoparticles, which are too harsh for maintaining the enzyme activity. Herein, a procedure without any organic solvents and catalysts (acidic or alkaline) is developed for the synthesis of silica-encapsulated glucose-oxidase-coated magnetic nanoparticles by a facile self-assembly route, avoiding damage of the enzyme structure in the reaction system. The encapsulated enzyme was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. Finally, a colorimetric sensing method was developed for the detection of glucose in urine samples based on the encapsulated glucose oxidase and a hydrogen peroxide test strip. The method exhibited a good linear performance in the concentration range of 20~160 µg mL-1 and good recoveries ranging from 94.3 to 118.0%. This work proves that the self-assembly method could be employed to encapsulate glucose oxidase into silica-coated magnetic particles. The developed colorimetric sensing method shows high sensitivity, which will provide a promising tool for the detection of glucose and the monitoring of diabetes.
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Monocrotaline (MCT), derived from most flowering plants, showed significant hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Humans are easily exposed to MCT by eating traditional herbs or contaminated foods, posing a huge threat to human health. In order to selectively and conveniently separate and enrich MCT from these complex samples, we fabricated three-dimensional porous and homogeneous molecularly imprinted polymer foams (MIPFs) by using considerably inexpensive polyurethane foam (PU) as the carrier. The morphology, stability, adsorption properties and extraction parameters of MIPFs were investigated. The results indicated that an imprinted layer was coated on the surface of the carrier; the stability of MIPFs was excellent; In addition to hydrogen bonding and spatial complementarity, the electrostatic interactions were crucial for the recognition between MCT and MIPFs; MIPFs exhibited high adsorption capacity of 22.78 mg g-1, fast mass transfer rate, and satisfactory selectivity for MCT. Subsequently, MIPFs were applied as the solid phase extraction (SPE) absorbents and combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to enrich and detect MCT in herbal plants. The results showed that MCT could be efficiently enriched, and the impurities could be dramatically reduced. MIPFs hold great potential for selective separation and detection of MCT in complex matrices, such as traditional Chinese medicine samples and food samples.
Assuntos
Impressão Molecular , Adsorção , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Humanos , Impressão Molecular/métodos , Polímeros Molecularmente Impressos , Monocrotalina , Polímeros/química , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodosRESUMO
Spatially controlled preparation of heterostructures composed of layered materials is important in achieving interesting properties. Although vapor-phased deposition methods can prepare vertical and lateral heterostructures, liquid-phased methods, which can enable scalable production and further solution processes, have shown limited controllability. Herein, we demonstrate by using wet chemical methods that metallic Sn0.5Mo0.5S2 nanosheets can be deposited epitaxially on the edges of semiconducting SnS2 nanoplates to form SnS2/Sn0.5Mo0.5S2 lateral heterostructures or coated on both the edges and basal surfaces of SnS2 to give SnS2@Sn0.5Mo0.5S2 core@shell heterostructures. They also showed good light-to-heat conversion ability due to the metallic property of Sn0.5Mo0.5S2. In particular, the core@shell heterostructure showed a higher photothermal conversion efficiency than the lateral counterpart, largely due to its randomly oriented and polycrystalline Sn0.5Mo0.5S2 layers with larger interfacing area for multiple internal light scattering.
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Broadband near-infrared (NIR) photothermal and photoacoustic agents covering from the first NIR (NIR-I) to the second NIR (NIR-II) biowindow are of great significance for imaging and therapy of cancers. In this work, ultrathin two-dimensional plasmonic PtAg nanosheets are discovered with strong broadband light absorption from NIR-I to NIR-II biowindow, which exhibit outstanding photothermal and photoacoustic effects under both 785 and 1064 nm lasers. Photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PtAg nanosheets reach 19.2% under 785 nm laser and 45.7% under 1064 nm laser. The PCE under 1064 nm laser is higher than those of most reported inorganic NIR-II photothermal nanoagents. After functionalization with folic acid modified thiol-poly(ethylene glycol) (SH-PEG-FA), PtAg nanosheets endowed with good biocompatibility and 4T1 tumor-targeted function give high performances for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) in vivo under both 785 and 1064 nm lasers. The effective ablation of tumors in mice can be realized without side effects and tumor metastasis by PAI-guided PTT of PtAg nanosheets under 785 or 1064 nm laser. The results demonstrate that the prepared PtAg nanosheets with ultrathin thickness and small size can serve as a promising phototheranostic nanoplatform for PAI-guided PTT of tumors in both NIR-I and NIR-II biowindows.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/terapia , Técnicas Fotoacústicas/métodos , Terapia Fototérmica/métodos , Platina/química , Prata/química , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Animais , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Raios Infravermelhos , Camundongos , NanopartículasRESUMO
Cancer remains a leading health burden worldwide. One of the challenges hindering cancer therapy development is the substantial discrepancies between the existing cancer models and the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human patients. Constructing tumor organoids represents an emerging approach to recapitulate the pathophysiological features of the TME in vitro. Over the past decade, various approaches have been demonstrated to engineer tumor organoids as in vitro cancer models, such as incorporating multiple cellular populations, reconstructing biophysical and chemical traits, and even recapitulating structural features. In this review, we focus on engineering approaches for building tumor organoids, including biomaterial-based, microfabrication-assisted, and synthetic biology-facilitated strategies. Furthermore, we summarize the applications of engineered tumor organoids in basic cancer research, cancer drug discovery, and personalized medicine. We also discuss the challenges and future opportunities in using tumor organoids for broader applications.
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Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias/patologia , Organoides/patologia , Animais , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Microambiente Tumoral/fisiologiaRESUMO
Progesterone, an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been frequently detected in wastewater for decades, posing a serious threat to ecological and human health. However, it is still a challenge to achieve the effective detection of progesterone in complex matrices water samples. In this study, a novel adsorbent CNT@CS/P(MAA) was prepared by grafting methacrylic polymers on the surface of modified carbon nanomaterials. Compared with other reported materials, the hybrid carbon nanomaterial could selectively identify the progesterone in the complex industrial pharmaceutical wastewater, and its adsorption performance is almost independent of the pH and environmental temperature. In addition, this nanomaterial could be reused with a good recovery rate. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and desorption experiments, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirmed that the methacrylic polymers and chitosan layer were successfully grafted on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and selectivity tests showed that CNT@CS/P(MAA) had a high adsorption capacity (44.45 mg·g-1), a fast adsorption rate and a satisfied selectivity for progesterone. Then, CNT@CS/P(MAA) was used as solid phase extraction sorbent and combined with HPLC to enrich progesterone from the wastewater samples. Under the optimum conditions, a good linearity was obtained with the correlation coefficient was 0.9998, and the limit of detection was 0.003 ng·mL-1. Therefore, this method could be used for the selective and effective detection of progesterone in industrial wastewater with complex substrates and provided a new method for the detection of progesterone in other environmental waters.