[Problem of risk of processes of increasing in the concentration of chemical pollutants in the small rivers of the Saratov region for population health].

The health hazard of the processes of accumulation of the chemical pollutants in superficial reservoirs of the small rivers of the Saratov region for the population health was shown in the previous studies. The necessity of application of additional oxidation and absorption methods and also control for technology of an intake of water from superficial sources of water supply on treatment facilities was suggested.

[Professor V. A. Arnol'dov--a hygienist, scientist, university teacher, and initiator of sanitation in Russia (on his 150th birthday)].

The paper gives Professor V. A. Arnoldov's brief bibliographic data pertaining to the development of sanitation and zemstvo medicine in Bashkiria, Tatarstan, and the Saratov Province. It shows V. A. Arnoldov's scientific and pedagogical potential in the development of preventive medicine in Russia.

[Influence of climatic and geographic factors on the environmental distribution of heavy metals and children's health].

The authors have studied the environmental distribution of salts of heavy metals (cadmium and nickel) under the influence of climatic and geographic factors and formation of geochemical anomalies. They also examined regularities in the accumulation of heavy metals in children's biosubstrates (hair, urine) and the nature of impact of their levels on the physical development of children in the organized collective bodies (preschool institutions) located in anomalous areas.

[N. I. Teziakov's contribution to the development of community medicine and sanitation in the Saratov Province (on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth)].

The paper provides N. I. Tezyakov's concise biographical and historical data pertaining to a sanitary service in the Saratov Province. It shows his scientific contribution to the development of community medicine and sanitation in Russia.

[Transformation of surfactants in different ways of water disinfection].

Evaluation of the efficacy ofoxidants on the destruction of bisquartemary ammonium salts (BAS) in water demonstrated that the highest destruction effectiveness was achieved upon exposure to ozone (87%), potassium permanganate (68.2%), ultraviolet radiation (37.8%), by chlorination with gas chlorine (35.4%), lime chloride (24.1%), the least destruction was achieved by chlorination with sodium hypochlorite (21.9%). There was a more than 2-fold increase in the level of low-molecular impurities upon chlorine exposure of the water containing BAS as a result of transformation processes. In ozone treatment of BAS, unlike its chlorination, there was as high as 2-fold decrease in the concentration of C6-C9 alcohols present in their composition, giving rise to C6-C9 aldehydes (0.5%) and C6-C9 organic acids (as high as 3% of the mass content).

[Assessment of real risk of urban chemical exposure to the population's health].

Improving the chemoanalytical quality control of the urban environment requires transition from the assessment considering only certain things determined by target analyses to the comprehensive assessment based on monitoring with the identification of the maximally complete spectra of substances contained in the environmental objects and coming from the sources of pollution, by using the appropriate algorithm; identification, quantifying a spectrum of pollutants as completely as possible; selection of the leading indices, by evaluating the detected composition of pollutions from the degree of their hygienic significance, by taking into account a set of criteria (detection rate, concentrations, group affiliation, specificity for a nearby source of pollution in the check of drinking water, a capacity for transformation, possible formation of more toxic transformation products); and monitoring through target tests by the chosen leading indices.

[Effect of various factors on the absorption of dimedrol, diprazine (pipolphen) and suprastin on rat small intestine in vitro]. / Vliianie razlichnykh faktorov na vsasyvanie dimedrola, diprazina (pipol'fena) i suprastina iz tonkogo kishechnika krysy in vitro.

In the experiments on male albino rats absorption of dimedrol, pipolphen and suprastin from the small intestine was studied in vitro by the method of "turned sacks". It was shown that immunization of the animals with ovalbumin in combination with Freund's incomplete adjuvant does not influence significantly absorption of the antihistaminic agents in the rat small intestine in vitro. During anaphylactic shock absorption of pipolphen and to a lesser degree of suprastin tends to increase. The structure of the absorbing surface of the intestinal mucosal epithelium is of importance for absorption of dimedrol and to a lesser degree of pipolphen. Absorption of the antihistaminic agents in the rat small intestine in vitro depends on the activity of the drug metabolizing enzymes that especially distinctly shows up for pipolphen. Induction of the metabolizing enzymes by phenobarbital contributes to an active elimination of the agents from the incubation medium. Absorption of dimedrol and suprastin is implemented through an active transport whose energy supply for dimedrol is related to a greater extent to anaerobic processes of oxidation and for suprastin both to aerobic and anaerobic processes.

[Characteristics of dimedrol, pipolfen and suprastin absorption from the small intestine of rats in systemic anaphylactic shock]. / Osobennosti vsasyvaniia dimedrola, pipol'fena i suprastina iz tonkoi kishki krysy pri sistemnom anafilakticheskom shoke.

It was shown by the in situ method that absorption of dimedrol, pipolphen and suprastine from the small intestine of the rats immunized parenterally with ovalbumin against the background of intravenous administration of the resolving dose of ovalbumin significantly decreased in connection with the formation in the immunized rats of antiovalbumin antibodies. Administration of euphylline simultaneously with the resolving dose of ovalbumin to the immunized rats partially normalized absorbability of all three drugs.