RESUMO
There is no doubt that there are increased benefits of hormonal therapy to breast cancer patients; however, current evidence suggests that estrogen receptor (ER) blockage using antiestrogens is associated with a small induction of invasiveness in vitro. The mechanism by which epithelial tumor cells escape from the primary tumor and colonize to a distant site is not entirely understood. This study investigates the effect of two selective antagonists of the ER, Fulvestrant (Fulv) and Tamoxifen (Tam), on the invasive ability of breast cancer cells. We found that 17 ß -estradiol (E2) demonstrated a protective role regarding cell migration and invasion. Fulv did not alter this effect while Tam stimulated active cell migration according to an increase in Snail and a decrease in E-cadherin protein expression. Furthermore, both tested agents increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and enhanced invasive potential of breast cancer cells. These changes were in line with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) rearrangement. Our data indicate that the anti-estrogens counteracted the protective role of E2 concerning migration and invasion since their effect was not limited to antiproliferative events. Although Fulv caused a less aggressive result compared to Tam, the benefits of hormonal therapy concerning invasion and metastasis yet remain to be investigated.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Tamoxifeno/efeitos adversos , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Caderinas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fulvestranto , Humanos , Receptores de Estrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Estrogênio/uso terapêutico , Tamoxifeno/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Current evidence indicates that angiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, including breast cancer. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Recent clinical data have demonstrated that the addition of bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy improves the progression-free survival of patients with advanced breast cancer. This review presents an update on the role of bevacizumab, as well as other anti-angiogenic agents in the management of patients with breast carcinoma.