Sebaceous hyperplasia of the eyelid: A comprehensive case report and literature review.

Introduction: Sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the eyelids, known as adenomatoid or pseudoadenomatous hyperplasia, is a rare benign condition. Optimal management strategies for this specific type of eyelid tumor require further investigation. Case presentation: The patient presented with a 21-year history of a progressively enlarged mass in the right lower eyelid. Previous treatments, including laser photocoagulation and surgical excision, have failed to prevent recurrence. The mass, characterized by a firm texture and low mobility, has raised concerns regarding malignancy. However, histopathological examination following surgical excision identified the mass as sebaceous gland hyperplasia. The patient's medical history was notable for benign gastrointestinal and intestinal polyps with no evidence of malignancy. Conclusions: A final diagnosis of eyelid sebaceous gland hyperplasia was established after surgical excision and comprehensive histopathological analyses. The patient's successful recovery without recurrence over a three-month follow-up period post-surgery highlights the efficacy of the surgical approach and the use of intraoperative frozen section pathological examination.

Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Characteristics of Orbital Liposarcoma.

PURPOSE: To clarify the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of orbital liposarcoma. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: A review was performed of electronic medical records, histopathology, radiological images, and follow-up information for 21 patients with orbital liposarcoma. RESULTS: The predominant clinical manifestation of this disease was painless exophthalmos. The most frequently encountered pathological types were well-differentiated and myxoid liposarcoma. Preoperative radiological images from 15 patients showed that orbital liposarcoma initially developed in extraocular muscle in 9 patients. Furthermore, all well-differentiated liposarcomas exhibited the radiographic characteristics of irregular and ill-defined adipose tissue, whereas only 12.5% of myxoid liposarcomas had the imaging characteristics. For the patients who exclusively underwent surgery, all of those with subtotal excisions experienced recurrence, 63.6% of marginal excisions recurred, and 50% of wide excisions resulted in recurrence. However, none of the patients who underwent marginal excisions or wide excisions combined with adjuvant radiotherapy exhibited recurrence. The analysis of magnetic resonance imaging findings in 3 patients who underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy revealed that the tumor size remained stable in a patient with well-differentiated liposarcoma, whereas another patient with the same type of tumor exhibited a gradual increase in size. Conversely, a patient with myxoid liposarcoma experienced a significant reduction in tumor size following neoadjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Orbital liposarcoma demonstrated a propensity for developing in the extraocular muscle. The radiological images of orbital well-differentiated liposarcomas were characterized by irregular and ill-defined adipose tissue. Surgery combined with radiotherapy demonstrated potential in reducing recurrence rates. Notably, orbital myxoid liposarcoma exhibited greater sensitivity to radiotherapy compared to well-differentiated liposarcoma.

Association analysis of BclI with benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the lacrimal gland and glucocorticoids resistance.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between gene polymorphism (BclI, ER22/23EK, N363S) and the occurrence, progression and sensitivity to glucocorticoid of lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion (LGBLEL). METHODS: Clinical peripheral blood samples of 52 LGBLEL patients and 10 normal volunteers were collected for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction sequencing to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. The lacrimal tissues of LGBLEL were surgically removed and made into paraffin sections for subsequent hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining analysis. The duration of disease and hormone use of LGBLEL patients from diagnosis to surgery were also analyzed. The Meta-analysis follows PRISMA guidelines to conducted a systematic review of human studies investigating the relationship between the NR3C1 BclI polymorphism and glucocorticoids (GCs) sensitivity. RESULTS: There was no association between ER22/23EK or N363S and the occurrence of LGBLEL or GCs sensitivity (P>0.05); BclI GC genotype was closely related to GCs resistance (P=0.03) as is the minor allele C (P=0.0017). The HE staining and Masson staining showed that the GC genotype of BclI remarkably slowed down the disease progression and reduced fibrosis (P<0.05), especially for GCs-dependent patients (P<0.0001). Meta-analysis showed that BclI was not significantly associated with GCs responsiveness. CONCLUSION: The LGBLEL patients who carry the NR3C1 BclI allele C may be more sensitive to GCs and associated with lower fibrosis and slower disease progression. The results may guide the clinical treatment strategy for the LGBLEL patients.

Missing link between tissue specific expressing pattern of ERß and the clinical manifestations in LGBLEL.

Purpose: Lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesion (LGBLEL) is an IgG4-related disease of unknown etiology with a risk for malignant transformation. Estrogen is considered to be related to LGBLEL onset. Methods: Seventy-eight LGBLEL and 13 control clinical samples were collected and studied to determine the relationship between estrogen and its receptors and LGBLEL development. Results: The serological analysis revealed no significant differences in the levels of three estrogens be-tween the LGBLEL and control groups. However, immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the expression levels of ERß and its downstream receptor RERG were relatively lower in LGBLEL samples than in control samples, with higher expression in the lacrimal gland and lower expression in the lymphocyte infiltration region. However, low expression of ERα was detected. The transcriptome sequence analysis revealed upregulated genes associated with LGBLEL enriched in lymphocyte proliferation and activation function; downregulated genes were enriched in epithelial and vascular proliferation functions. The key genes and gene networks were further analyzed. Interactions between B cells and epithelial cells were analyzed due to the identified involvement of leukocyte subsets and epithelial cells. B cell proliferation was found to potentially contribute to lacrimal gland apoptosis. Conclusion: Therefore, the tissue-heterogeneous expression pattern of ERß is potentially related to the clinical manifestations and progression of LGBLEL, although further investigations are required to confirm this finding.

Multiple heterogeneous tumors in orbit: a case report.

Primary orbital tumors are common; clinically common are single tumors in orbit; and cavernous hemangioma is the most common. Multiple tumors in the same orbit are rare, which have homology and heterogeneity. Multiple tumors of homology are multiple textures of a tumor while multiple heterogeneous tumors have two or more textures. Various tumor tissues, heterogeneous multiple orbital tumors are sporadic. Our department admitted one patient in October 2015. A 54-year-old male patient had proptosis growing gradually in his right eye beginning ten years ago, with decreased vision for more than one year. The primary diagnosis of the right eye orbital double-source primary tumor was diagnosed by imaging. The pathological examination after the operation was confirmed as cavernous hemangioma and schwannomas.