White Matter Lesions Identified by Magnetic Resonance in Women with Migraine: A Volumetric Analysis and Clinical Correlations.

BACKGROUND: Repeated migraine attacks and aura could independently cause structural changes in the central nervous system. Our research aims to study the correlation of migraine type, attack frequency, and other clinical variables with the presence, volume and localization of white matter lesions (WML), in a controlled study. METHODS: Sixty volunteers from a tertiary headache center were selected and divided equally into four groups: episodic migraine without aura (MoA), episodic migraine with aura (MA), chronic migraine (CM) and controls (CG). Voxel-based morphometry techniques were used to analyze WML. RESULTS: There were no differences in WML variables between groups. There was a positive correlation between age and the number and total volume of WMLs, which persisted in the comparison categorized by size and brain lobe. Disease duration was positively correlated with the number and total volume of WML, and when controlled by age, the correlation maintained significance only for the insular lobe. Aura frequency was associated with frontal and temporal lobe WMLs. There was no statistically significant correlation between WML and other clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Migraine overall is not a risk factor for WML. Aura frequency is, however, associated with temporal WML. Disease duration, in adjusted analyses that account for age, is associated with insular WML.

Thoracic Spine Pain in High School Adolescents: A One-Year Longitudinal Study.

Thoracic spine pain (TSP) is a common condition in the general adult population, with a similar prevalence in children and adolescents. An in-depth understanding of risk factors can assist in the identification of potential targets for effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to determine the incidence of TSP and ongoing TSP and identify its predictors in high school students. This longitudinal study was conducted in 2017 (baseline-T1), and follow-up surveys were completed in 2018 (T2). The variable "thoracic spine pain" was observed using the Nordic questionnaire, and associated variables were observed through the Baecke questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Statistical association methods were used for bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among the participants, the one-year prevalence (ongoing TSP) was 38.4%, and the one-year incidence (new TSP) was 10.1%. Significant risk factors for ongoing TSP were adolescent females (RR = 2.14), in the age group of 15 to 18 years (RR = 1.41), clinical mental health problems (RR = 3.07), borderline mental health problems (RR = 2.02), mental health problems, sitting while using a tablet (RR = 1.93), distance of the eye from cell phone screen of or more than 20 cm (RR = 1.69), distance of the eye from the PC screen of or more than 30 cm (RR = 1.53), cell phone mobile use duration of or more than 3 h (RR = 1.60), tablet use time of or more than 3 h (RR = 2.08), and semi-lying prone position while using the cell phone (RR= 1.47), and these were also significant predictors of TSP episodes. Significant risk factors for new TSP were adolescent female sex (RR = 1.88), level, clinical mental health problems (RR = 4.26), borderline mental health problems (RR = 2.07), semi-lying prone position while using cell phone (RR = 1.71) or tablet (RR = 2.31), and mobile phone use duration equal to or greater than 3 h (RR = 1.72). We conclude that there is a high prevalence of TSP in high school students, which is associated with the female sex, mental health problems, and use of electronic devices for an inappropriate duration in an improper position.

Thoracic Spine Pain and Factors Associated in High School Students.

BACKGROUND: Thoracic spine pain (TSP) is relatively common in children and adolescents. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of TSP in adolescents and analyze its association with sociodemographic characteristics, use of electronic devices, physical activity, and mental health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional epidemiological study. SETTING: A high school in Bauru City, São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS: In total, 1,628 students aged 14-18 years. METHODS: Participants were selected by cluster sampling in two stages, and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data regarding the following were collected: (1) sociodemographic aspects; (2) use of electronic devices; (3) regular physical activity level; (4) mental health; and (5) TSP. RESULTS: The prevalence of TSP was 51.5% (95% confidence interval, 49.1-53.9) and the variables associated with TSP were female participant sex (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.96; 1.61-2.38), use of computers for >3 hours per day (PR = 1.29; 1.01-1.66), use of computers >3 times per week (PR = 1.35; 1.03-1.75), use of cell phones in a semi-lying position (PR = 1.37; 1.11-1.69), use of cell phones for >3 hours per day (PR = 1.44; 1.12-1.85), use of tablets in the sitting position (PR = 1.47; 1.07-2.01), and presence of mental health problems (PR = 2.10; 1.63-2.70). Physical activity was a protective factor (PR = 0.84; 0.73-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of TSP in adolescents, with a marked association with female participant sex, use of electronic devices, and presence of mental health problems Physical activity is a protective factor. Understanding the relationship between risk factors and adolescent spinal pain may be important in both the prevention and treatment of spinal pain in this age group.

Primary headache and factors associated in university students: a cross sectional study / Cefaleia primária e fatores associados em estudantes universitários: um estudo transversal

INTRODUCTION: Primary headaches, defined as disorders in themselves caused by independent pathomechanisms and not by other disorders, are prevalent in university students and considered one important health problems in the world. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of primary headaches and analyze associations with sociodemographic characteristics and the use of electronic devices by university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study analysis was carried out with a sample of 1,143 students of both genders who responded to the questionnaire on demographic, socioeconomic aspects, use of electronic devices, and on the primary headaches. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and Poisson regression were performed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of primary headache of 60.7%, being that, in relation to the type, 33.2% presented tension-type headache, 54.3% migraine, and 12.3% other types of headache. Regression analysis showed that female gender and income of up to two minimum wages were associated with primary headache and migraine type. The primary headache was associated with subjects of the white race; watching television and playing video games for more than 3 hours per day, for example. The sitting posture, semi-lying down, and distance from the eyes to the mobile phone and tablet longer than 20 cm were associated with primary headache and the three types of headaches. CONCLUSION: The results allow us to conclude that there is a high prevalence of primary headaches in college students and that socioeconomic factors related to the use of electronic devices are associated with the presence of primary headaches.

INTRODUÇÃO: As dores de cabeça primárias, definidas como perturbações em si mesmas, causadas por patomecanismos independentes e não por outras perturbações, são prevalentes em universitários e considerada um importante problema de saúde mundial. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de cefaleia primária e analisar associações com características sociodemográficas e uso de dispositivos eletrônicos em estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com uma amostra de 1143 estudantes de ambos os sexos, que responderam ao questionário sobre aspectos demográficos, socioeconômicos, uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e cefaleia primária. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, análises bivariadas e regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de cefaleia primária de 60,7%, sendo que, em relação ao tipo, 33,2% apresentavam cefaleia tensional, 54,3% enxaqueca e 12,3% outros tipos de cefaleia. A análise de regressão mostrou que o sexo feminino e a renda de até dois salários-mínimos estavam associados à cefaleia primária e a enxaqueca; a cefaleia primária está associada a indivíduos da raça branca; assistir televisão e jogar videogame por mais de 3 horas por dia foi associado ao tipo tensional, a enxaqueca e cefaleia primária; a postura sentada, semideitada e distância dos olhos ao telefone celular e tablet com mais de 20 cm com a cefaleia primária e aos três tipos específicos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitem concluir que existe alta prevalência de cefaleia primária em estudantes universitários e que fatores socioeconômicos e relacionados ao uso de dispositivos eletrônicos estão associados à presença de cefaleia primária.

Neck pain in adults: impact on quality of life / Dor cervical em adultos: impacto na qualidade de vida

To evaluate the impact of neck pain on quality of life in a population sample of adults aged 20 years or older. Randomized cross-sectional study based on a population survey. A total of 600 individuals were interviewed and the following data were collected: 1. Characteristics of participants (pre-coded questionnaire); 2. Quality of life (SF-36); 3.Musculoskeletal symptoms (Nordic questionnaire); 4. Level of physical activity (IPAC). 20.3% of the individuals (CI 17.3 to 23.7) had reported neck pain at least once in the 12 months preceding the interview. From these, 18.0% (CI 14.0 to 22.7) were men and 22.7% (CI 18.2 to 27.7) were women; subjects with neck pain had significantly worse (lower) scores on all SF-36 subscales than did subjects without pain; females had lower scores as compared to males. Neck pain has a high prevalence in the city of Bauru and the neck pain had a significant association to quality of life.

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da dor cervical na qualidade de vida em uma amostra populacional de adultos com 20 anos ou mais. Método: Estudo transversal randomizado, com base em pesquisa populacional. Foram entrevistados 600 indivíduos e os seguintes dados foram coletados: 1. Características dos participantes (questionário pré-codificado); 2. Qualidade de vida (SF-36); 3. Sintomas musculoesqueléticos (questionário nórdico); 4. Nível de atividade física (IPAC). Resultados: 20,3% dos indivíduos (IC 17,3 a 23,7) relataram dor cervical pelo menos uma vez nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista, sendo que destes, 18,0% (IC 14,0 a 22,7) eram homens e 22,7% (IC 18,2 a 27,7) eram mulheres. Os indivíduos com dor cervical tiveram pontuações significativamente piores (mais baixas) em todas as subescalas do SF-36 do que indivíduos sem dor e as mulheres tiveram pontuações mais baixas em comparação aos homens. Conclusão: A dor cervical teve alta prevalência no município de Bauru e associação significativa com a qualidade de vida.

Low back pain and some associated factors: is there any difference between genders?

OBJECTIVE: To compare men and women with low back pain and identify the prevalence and some of its associated factors in a population-based sample of adults aged 20 and over a seven day period. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on a population survey. 600 individuals were interviewed on the following: (1) characteristics of the participants (i.e. demographic, socioeconomic, and labor aspects); (2) physical activity level (IPAQ); (3) musculoskeletal symptoms (Nordic Questionnaire). Descriptive, bivariate, and Poisson regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of LBP was 28.8%, being 39.0% in men and 60.9% in women. The measured associated factors in men were age between 36 and 59 years (PR=3.00 [1.31-6.88]) and over 60 (PR=4.52 [2.02-10.12]), smoking (PR=2.47 [1.20-5.11]), fewer years of formal education (0-4 years) (PR=6.37 [2.15-18.62]), and hypertension (PR=2.27 [1.15-4.50]). For women, the associated factors were occupational activities that involved heavy lifting (PR=1.80 [1.03-3.16]), standing posture leaning forward (PR=2.04 [1.20-3.44]), sitting posture leaning forward (PR=2.17 [1.24-3.82]), and sitting at the computer three or more days per week (PR=4.00 [1.44-11.11]). Widowed or divorced participants were more likely to report LBP, in both men (PR=3.06 [1.40-6.66]) and women (PR=2.11 [1.15-3.88]). CONCLUSION: This study reveals high prevalence of low back pain in a seven day period. Older age, low education, hypertension, and smoking were associated with LBP in men. Occupational and ergonomic factors were associated with LBP in women. Marital status was associated with LBP in both genders.

Physical activity patterns in adults: prevalence and associated factors / Padrão de atividade física em adultos: prevalência e fatores associados

Abstract Background Insufficient practice of physical activity associated with some factors related to life habits increase the risk of non-transmissible chronic diseases and reduce quality of life. Objective Identify the pattern of physical activity and associated factors in adults aged ≥20 years. Method A cross-sectional, population survey conducted with 600 individuals. Data on demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral aspects, work, and physical activities were collected through home interviews. Descriptive, bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results Prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 35.0% (95% CI: 31.2-38.9). Zero to four years of schooling [PR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.07-5.15], working in sitting position [PR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.02-2.48], and number of days at the computer [PR=4.60; 95% CI: 2.38-14.28] remained in the final model for females, whereas 0-4 years [PR=2.30; 95% CI: 1.21-4.06] or 5-8 years [PR=3.70; 95% CI: 0.79-4.00] of schooling, working in sitting position [PR=2.22 95% CI: 1.36-3.62], number of days at the computer [PR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.26-3.32], and number of days of TV viewing [PR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.03-4.36] remained in the final model for males. Conclusion High prevalence of insufficient practice of physical activity is associated with schooling, working in sitting position, and number of days at the computer and TV viewing.

Resumo Introdução A prática insuficiente de atividade física associada a alguns fatores relacionados aos hábitos de vida aumenta o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e reduz a qualidade de vida da população. Objetivo Identificar o padrão de atividade física e os fatores associados em adultos de 20 anos ou mais. Método Inquérito populacional, transversal, com 600 indivíduos entrevistados em seus domicílios. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: aspectos demográficos, socioeconômicos, comportamentais, do trabalho e nível de atividade física. Realizaram-se as análises descritiva e bivariada e a regressão de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência de prática insuficiente de atividade física foi de 35% (IC 95%: 31,2-38,9). O nível educacional de 0 a 4 anos [RP = 2,35; IC95%: 1,07-5,15], o trabalho sentado [RP = 1,52; IC95%: 1,02-2,48] e o número de dias no computador [RP = 4,60; IC95%: 2,38-14,28] permaneceram no modelo final para o sexo feminino. Para o sexo masculino, permaneceram: o nível educacional de 0 a 4 anos [RP = 2,30; IC95%: 1,21-4,06] ou o de 5 a 8 anos [RP = 3,70; IC95%: 0,79-4,00], o trabalho sentado [RP = 2,22; IC95%: 1,36-3,62], o número de dias no computador [RP = 2,04; IC95%: 1,26-3,32] e o número de dias na TV [RP = 2,12; IC95%: 1,03-4,36]. Conclusão Houve elevada prevalência de prática insuficiente de atividade física e associação com nível de escolaridade, trabalho sentado e número de dias no computador e na TV.

Sociodemographic factors, level of physical activity and health-related quality of life in adults from the north-east of São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional population study.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association among sociodemographic variables, physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults aged 20 years and over. METHODS: Population-based study, with household sample by clusters. The dependent variables were the PCS and MCS scores of the instrument 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the independent variables were gathered in sociodemographic characteristics and the level of physical activity. Absolute and relative frequency distributions were used for categorical variables and bivariate analysis, using Student's t-test and ANOVA and multivariate using non-conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 600 interviewees, the mean PCS score for men was 80.2 and for women 74.6, while for MCS, 83.8 (±16.9) and 76.5 (±23.3), for men and women, respectively. Women tend to report lower scores than men in all domains: men (OR=4.83) and women (OR=4.80) were older (OR=4.34) (OR=3.57) and sedentary women (OR=1.90) were associated with lower PCS scores, while older men (OR=3.96) and widowed and separated' (OR=3.03) had lower MSC scores. CONCLUSION: HRQoL was associated with advancing age and schooling, in both sexes, sedentary women and widowed and separated men.

Prevalence and factors associated with neck pain: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a musculoskeletal condition with high prevalence that may affect the physical, social, and psychological aspects of the individual, contributing to the increase in costs in society and business. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of neck pain and associated factors in a population-based sample of adults aged 20 and more. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on a population survey. A total number of 600 individuals were interviewed in their homes, and the following data were collected: (1) participant characteristics (demographic, socioeconomic, and work-related aspects) using a pre-coded questionnaire; (2) physical activity level using the IPAQ; and (3) musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and Poisson regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of neck pain was 20.3% (95% CI 17.3-23.7). The adjusted analyses showed that individuals who were widowers or separated (PR=2.26; 1.42-5.88), had a low income (PR=1.32; 1.22-6.27) or low educational level (PR=1.83; 1.02-5.26), worked while sitting and leaning (PR=1.55; 1.08-2.40), and who reported having two or more diseases (PR=1.71; 1.55-6.31) remained associated with neck pain. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the high prevalence of neck pain and remarkable association with widowed/separated people who have low income and low educational level, who perform their occupational activities in sitting and leaning positions, and who reported having two or more diseases. Knowledge of these risk factors will contribute to the development of forms of assistance in which neck pain can be prevented and better managed.

Prevalence and factors associated to back pain in adults from the northeast of São Paulo, Brazil: a population-based study / Prevalência e fatores associados à dor na coluna vertebral em adultos do noroeste de São Paulo, Brasil: estudo de base populacional

Abstract Introduction: Back pain has become a serious public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of back pain in a population-based sample of subjects over 20 years old living in the city of Bauru (São Paulo, Brazil) and to analyze the associations to variables- sociodemographic, ergonomic and lifestyle-related - and to morbidity. Methods: a cross-sectional study which evaluated 600 adults over 20 years old, both gender and living in the city. We used a structured protocol and the Nordic questionnaire. Also, we developed a descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariate by binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of back pain was of 50.3% (CI 46.3 to 54.3), since 42.3% (CI 36.9 to 48.0) in men and 57.6% (CI 51.9 to 63.0) in women, with statistical significant difference (p = 0.001). Different variables remained in final models when assessed by gender. For male to be widowed and divorced and smoking habits and, for women to be widowed and divorced, to work in seated position and to perform occupational activities that demand carrying and lifting weight. Conclusion: We verified high prevalence in back pain in the population of Bauru and high association to widowed/divorced in both gender, with women performing occupational activities usually or always in seated position, those who carry or lift weight in work and men who smoke.

Resumo Introdução: As dores na coluna vertebral tornaram-se um grave problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de dor na coluna vertebral em uma amostra de base populacional de indivíduos com idade superior a 20 anos residentes na cidade de Bauru (São Paulo, Brasil) e analisar as associações as variáveis sociodemográficas, ergonômicas, relacionadas ao estilo de vida e a morbidade referida. Métodos: Estudo transversal que avaliou 600 adultos com idade superior a 20 anos, de ambos os sexos, moradores da zona urbana do município. Utilizou-se um protocolo estruturado e o questionário Nórdico. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva, bivariada e multivariada por regressão logística binária. Resultados: A prevalência de dor nas costas foi 50,3% (IC95% 46,3 a 54,3), sendo que, 42,3% (IC95% 36,9 a 48,0) nos homens e 57,6% (IC95% 51,9 a 63,0) nas mulheres com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,001). Diferentes variáveis permaneceram nos modelos finais ao se considerarem, em separado, o sexo masculino e o feminino. Ser viúvo e separado e tabagismo para o sexo masculino e, para o feminino, ser viúva e separada, trabalho na postura sentada e exercer atividades ocupacionais que exigem transporte e carregamento de peso. Conclusão: Verificou uma prevalência alta de dor na coluna vertebral na população de Bauru e marcante associação com marcante associação com os viúvos/separados, em ambos os sexos, com as mulheres que exercem suas atividades ocupacionais, geralmente ou sempre, na postura sentada, naqueles que transportam e carregam pesos regulamente no trabalho e nos homens tabagistas.