Nanocomposite Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Silver Nanoparticles Improve Wound Healing Without Exhibiting Toxic Effect.

Wound healing is an important and complex process, containing a multifaceted process governed by sequential yet overlapping phases. Certain treatments can optimize local physiological conditions and improve wound healing. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely known for their antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, bacterial cellulose (BC) films have been used as a dressing that temporarily substitutes the skin, offering many advantages in optimizing wound healing, in addition to being highly biocompatible. Considering the promising activities of AgNP and BC films, the present study aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity in Wistar Hannover rats using a nanocomposite based on bacterial cellulose containing AgNP (AgBC). In a period of 21 days, its influence on the wound area, microbial growth, histopathological parameters, and collagen content were analyzed. In addition, toxicity indicators were assessed, such as weight gain, water consumption, and creatinine and alanine transaminase levels. After 14 days of injury, the animals treated with AgBC showed a significant increase in wound contraction. The treatment with AgBC significantly reduced the number of microbial colonies compared to other treatments in the first 48 h after the injury. At the end of the 21 experimental days, an average wound contraction rate greater than 97 % in relation to the initial area was observed, in addition to a significant increase in the amount of collagen fibers at the edge of the wounds, lower scores of necrosis, angiogenesis and inflammation, associated with no systemic toxicity. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination of preexisting products to form a new nanocomposite based on BC and AgNP amplified the biological activity of these products, increasing the effectiveness of wound healing and minimizing possible toxic effects of silver.

HPLC method for quantifying verbascoside in Stizophyllum perforatum and assessment of verbascoside acute toxicity and antileishmanial activity.

We report the chemical composition of the crude leaf extracts obtained from Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers (Bignoniaceae), a simple high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method based on mangiferin as an internal standard to quantify verbascoside, and the verbascoside acute oral toxicity and antileishmanial activity. HPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry-DAD (HPLC-HRMS-DAD) analyses of the crude ethanol S. perforatum leaf extracts (CE-1 and CE-2) revealed that verbascoside was the major constituent in both extracts. CE-1 was purified, and verbascoside and casticin, among other compounds, were isolated. The developed HPLC-DAD method was validated and met the required standards. Investigation of the CE-2 acute toxicity indicated a lethal dose (LD50) greater than 2,000 mg/kg of body weight. Both CE-1 and CE-2 exhibited antileishmanial activity. The isolated compounds, verbascoside and casticin, also displayed antileishmanial activity with effective concentrations (IC50) of 6.23 and 24.20 µM against promastigote forms and 3.71 and 18.97 µM against amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, respectively, but they were not cytotoxic to J774A.1 macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy of the L. amazonensis promastigotes showed that the parasites became more rounded and that their plasma membrane was altered in the presence of verbascoside. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that vacuoles emerged, lipids accumulated, kinetoplast size increased, and interstitial extravasation occurred in L. amazonensis promastigotes exposed to verbascoside. These findings suggest that S. perforatum is a promising candidate for further in vivo investigations against L. amazonensis.

Ascending renal infection following experimental candiduria by Candida tropicalis in immunocompromised mice.

The present study evaluated renal infection resulting from the implantation of C. tropicalis in the bladder of immunosuppressed mice. Yeasts were implanted in two manners: planktonic and via preformed biofilm on a small catheter fragment (SCF). Renal histopathology and cultures was performed 72 and 144 h after cystotomy was carried out in mice from three groups: group I contained non-contaminated mice implanted with a sterile SCF; group II mice received a sterile SCF plus a yeast suspension containing 1 × 107 yeasts/mL in a planktonic form; group III mice were implanted with a SCF containing preformed C. tropicalis biofilm. Viable yeasts were found in the kidneys of mice from both groups II and III. However, after 72 h the planktonic cells (group II) invaded more quickly than the sessile cells (group III). Over a longer period (144 h), group III exhibited a more invasive infection (50% of the animals presented renal infection and the renal fungal load was 3.2 log10 CFU/g tissue) than in group II, where yeasts were not found. C. tropicalis introduced into the bladder in two ways (in planktonic or biofilm form) were able to reach the kidney and establish a renal fungal infection, causing interstitial disorders. The data of the present study therefore support the hypothesis of an ascending pathway for renal infections by C. tropicalis. Furthermore, the biofilm resulted in a greater and progressive risk of renal infection, attributed to the slow detachment of the yeasts.

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare cause of persistent haematuria in a diabetic dog / Cistite eosinofílica, uma causa rara de hematúria persistente em um cão diabético

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of entire layers of the bladder wall. The condition has been described in adults, children, and dogs. However, there are no consensus guidelines for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis. Although human and veterinary literature reviews show some effectiveness in management with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics, a variety of serious and frequent side effects are associated with steroid therapy. As a result, steroids are relatively contraindicated for patients with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A five-year-old neutered male chow-chow with controlled diabetes was referred with an 18-month history of malodorous urine, gross haematuria, and dysuria that were nonresponsive to antibiotics. The findings on general examination were unremarkable except for abdominal suprapubic discomfort. The complete blood count and biochemical profile (such as urea and creatinine) were normal except for mild peripheral eosinophilia. Although ultrasonography, bladder contrast radiography, and urine cytology findings indicated malignancy, with the presence of atypical urothelial cells, histopathology confirmed eosinophilic cystitis. Management with cyclosporine was adequate with complete remission of haematuria. This case report presents the first reported successful use of cyclosporine for the treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in a dog with diabetes.(AU)

A cistite eosinofílica é uma doença inflamatória rara caracterizada por infiltração eosinofílica de todas as camadas da parede da bexiga. Essa enfermidade já foi descrita em adultos, crianças e cães. No entanto, não há um consenso de diretrizes sobre o seu tratamento. Mesmo que as literaturas humana e veterinária mostrem alguma eficácia no manejo com corticosteroides, anti-histamínicos e antibióticos, uma variedade de efeitos colaterais graves e frequentes está associada à terapia com esteroides. Dessa forma, o uso de esteroides é relativamente contraindicado para pacientes com diabetes mellitus e síndrome de Cushing, por exemplo. Um chow-chow, macho, castrado, de cinco anos e diabético estável foi encaminhado para atendimento com histórico de urina fétida, hematúria macroscópica e disúria não responsiva a antibióticos há 18 meses. A avaliação dos parâmetros físicos estava dentro dos padrões, exceto por desconforto abdominal suprapúbico à palpação. O hemograma e o perfil bioquímico (como a ureia e a creatinina) estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie, exceto por eosinofilia periférica leve. Embora a ultrassonografia, a radiografia contrastada da bexiga e os achados da urinálise indicassem malignidade, com a presença de células uroteliais atípicas, a histopatologia confirmou o diagnóstico definitivo de cistite eosinofílica. O manejo com ciclosporina foi satisfatório, com ausência completa da hematúria. Este relato de caso apresenta o primeiro uso documentado de ciclosporina para o tratamento de cistite eosinofílica com sucesso em um cão com diabetes.(AU)

Ovarian dysgerminoma causing multifocal metastases in young bitch / Disgerminoma ovariano causando metástases multifocais em cadela jovem

The ovarian neoplasias are unusual in canine species, mainly originated from germinative cells. Among these, dysgerminoma is a rare neoplasm in bitches, predominantly affecting senile and small and medium breeds. They are large, rounded, smooth surface, painless and firm in consistency. The clinical signs commonly demonstrated by patients with this neoplasia are abdominal distension and secondary signs of hyperestrogenism. The diagnosis should be based on the association of history, clinical signs, radiographic, ultrasonographic, cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical exams. The treatment is the surgical castration and metastases are uncommon. Due to the rarity in bitches, specifically the young animals, this study aimed to describe a case of left ovarian dysgerminoma, of considerable size and adherence in adjacent organs, in a Brazilian Fila, whose showed considerable increase in abdominal volume and progressive weight loss. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of complementary x-ray, ultrasound, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. Even with the recommended surgical treatment (castration), the patient demonstrated severe respiratory symptoms and increased abdominal volume after two months, and the complementary exams suggested pulmonary and multifocal metastases and the tutor chose euthanasia. As presented by the results, although rare in bitches, dysgerminoma should be included in the differential of ovarian neoplasias, including the young ones.

As neoplasias ovarianas são de ocorrência incomum na espécie canina, principalmente as originadas de células germinativas. Dentre estas, o disgerminoma é uma neoplasia rara em cadelas, acometendo predominantemente fêmeas senis e de raças pequenas e médias. Apresentam-se como massas grandes, arredondadas, de superfície lisa, indolores e de consistência firme. Os sinais clínicos comumente demonstrados por pacientes com este tipo neoplásico incluem distensão abdominal e sinais secundários de hiperestrogenismo. O diagnóstico deve ser baseado na associação do histórico, sinais clínicos, exames radiográficos, ultrassonográficos, citológicos, histopatológicos e imunohistoquímicos. O tratamento de escolha é a castração cirúrgica, sendo que as metástases são incomuns. Perante a raridade em cadelas, em específico as jovens, este relato teve como propósito discorrer um caso de disgerminoma ovariano esquerdo, de tamanho considerável e aderência em órgãos adjacentes, em uma Fila Brasileira, cuja sintomatologia incluiu considerável aumento de volume abdominal e emagrecimento progressivo. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por meio de exames complementares de raios-x, ultrassom, histopatológico e imunohistoquímicos. Mesmo com a instituição dotratamento cirúrgico preconizado (castração), a paciente demonstrou grave sintomatologia respiratória e aumento de volume abdominal após dois meses e, como os exames complementares foram sugestivos de metástases pulmonares e multifocais, o tutor optou pela eutanásia. Diante dos resultados, pode-se admitir que apesar de raro em cadelas, o disgerminoma deve ser incluído no diferencial das neoplasias ovarianas, incluindo as jovens.

Effect of systemic administration of phytosterol on lacrimal quality of dogs / Efeito da administração sistêmica de fitoesterol na qualidade lacrimal de cães

The tear lipid layer (oily outer layer) reduces evaporation and prevents tear overflow. In dogs, reductions in the lipid components of this layer (cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids) can cause eye serious diseases. In this way, the tear crystallization test analyzes the lacrimal quality, however, it is less used in veterinary. As phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol, the objective of this study was to investigate, through the tear crystallization test, whether the systemic administration of this drug influences the lacrimal quality of healthy dogs and, in addition, to verify differences in the interpretation of the ophthalmic test between different evaluators. Eight beagles, healthy, of both sexes, young and adults, without clinical ophthalmic signs apparent were selected. Basal lacrimal samples (D0) were collected from the right and left eye of all animals with glass capillary tube and arranged on a glass slide for scanning the images and subsequent microscopic analysis. Subsequently, all were medicated with the phytosterol (Collestra® 650 mg: 1 capsule, orally, every 12 hours, for 15 days). After seven (D7) and fifteen (D15) days of this systemic administration, the tear crystallization test in both eyes of all dogs was again performed for statistical comparison with the baseline results. The photographs of the slides were classified by four evaluators (AV1 and AV2 with professional experience in ophthalmology and AV3 and AV4 without previous professional experience in ophthalmology), following standards established by Rolando (1984). The results were statistically verified by analysis of simple variance (ANOVA One-Way). There was no statistical difference in the tear crystallization test between the established periods and in relation to the different ophthalmic test evaluators (p≤0.05). Although phytosterols reduce blood cholesterol levels, it was observed in the present study that these drugs when administered systemically did not interfere in the tear lipid layer and, consequently, in the lacrimal quality of healthy dogs, and may be prescribed as lipid-lowering agents for patients with ocular diseases, especially the lacrimal ones.

A camada lipídica lacrimal (camada externa oleosa) reduz a evaporação e previne o transbordamento lacrimal. Em cães, reduções nos componentes lipídicos desta camada (colesterol, triglicérides e fosfolipídios) podem causar doenças graves nos olhos. Desta forma, o teste de cristalização lacrimal analisa a qualidade lacrimal, no entanto, é menos utilizado em veterinária. Como o fitoesterol reduz o colesterol sanguíneo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, através do teste de cristalização lacrimal, se a administração sistêmica deste fármaco influencia na qualidade lacrimal de cães hígidos e, além disso, verificar diferenças na interpretação do teste oftalmológico entre diferentes avaliadores. Oito beagles, saudáveis, de ambos os sexos, jovens e adultos, sem sinais oftalmológicos clínicos aparentes foram selecionados. Amostras lacrimais basais (D0) foram coletadas do olho direito e esquerdo de todos os animais, com tubo capilar de vidro e, dispostas em lâmina de vidro para escaneamento das imagens e posterior análise microscópica. Ato contínuo todos foram medicados com o fitoesterol (Collestra® 650 mg: 1 cápsula, por via oral, a cada 12 horas, durante 15 dias). Após sete (D7) e quinze (D15) dias desta administração sistêmica, o teste de cristalização lacrimal em ambos os olhos de todos os cães foi novamente realizado para comparação estatística com os resultados basais. As fotografias das lâminas foram classificadas por quatro avaliadores (AV1 e AV2 com experiência profissional em oftalmologia e AV3 e AV4 sem experiência profissional prévia em oftalmologia), seguindo padrões estabelecidos por Rolando (1984). Os resultados foram estatisticamente verificados pela análise de variância simples (ANOVA One-Way). Não houve diferença estatística no teste de cristalização lacrimal entre os períodos estabelecidos e em relação aos diferentes avaliadores de teste oftalmológico (p≤0,05). Embora os fitoesteróis reduzam os níveis de colesterol no sangue, observou-se no presente estudo que esses fármacos quando administrados sistemicamente não interferiram na camada lipídica da lágrima e, consequentemente, na qualidade lacrimal de cães hígidos, podendo ser prescritos como agentes hipolipemiantes para pacientes com doenças oculares, especialmente as lacrimais.

The influence of light exposure in ambiance during pregnancy in maternal and fetal outcomes: an experimental study / Influência da exposição da luz do ambiente no período gestacional e o resultado fetal: um estudo experimental

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to different environmental lighting conditions affects the reproductive parameters of pregnant mice and the development of their offspring. Methods Fifteen pregnant albino mice were divided into three groups: light/dark, light, and dark. The animalswere euthanized on day 18 of pregnancy following the Brazilian Good Practice Guide for Euthanasia of Animals.Maternal and fetal specimens weremeasured and collected for histological evaluation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparison of the groups considering p ≤ 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference in the maternal variables between the three groups. Regarding fetal variables, significant differences were observed in the anthropometric measures between the groups exposed to different environmental lighting conditions, with the highest mean values in the light group. The histological evaluation showed the same structural pattern of the placenta in all groups, which was within the normal range. However, evaluation of the uterus revealed a discrete to moderate number of endometrial glands in the light/dark and light groups, which were poorly developed in most animals. In the fetuses, pulmonary analysis revealed morphological features consistent with the transition from the canalicular to the saccular phase in all groups. Conclusion Exposure to different environmental lighting conditions had no influence on the reproductive parameters of female mice, while the offspring of mothers exposed to light for 24 hours exhibited better morphometric features.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar se a exposição a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente afeta parâmetros reprodutivos de camundongos fêmeas prenhas e o desenvolvimento de sua prole. Métodos Foram selecionados para o estudo 15 camundongos fêmeas albinas prenhas. Os camundongos foram separados em grupos: luz/escuro, luz e escuro. As fêmeas foram eutanasiadas no 18° dia de gestação, seguindo as recomendações do Guia Brasileiro de Boas Práticas para a Eutanásia de animais. Tanto peças maternas como fetais foram mensuradas e coletadas para avaliação histológica. Foi utilizado o teste de Análise de variantes (Anova) para comparação dos grupos, considerando estatisticamente significativo o valor de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Ao comparar as variáveis maternas entre os três grupos, não foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa. Em relação às variáveis fetais, houve diferenças estatísticas entre as medidas de antropometria dos grupos submetidos a diferentes luminosidades do ambiente, com melhores valores médios no grupo luz. Histologicamente, a avaliação placentária evidenciou em todos os grupos o mesmo padrão estrutural, com todos dentro da normalidade. No entanto, a avaliação de úteros, tanto do grupo luz/escuro quanto do grupo luz,mostrou quantidade discreta amoderada de glândulas endometriais, com pouco desenvolvimento na maioria dos animais. Nos fetos, análise pulmonar evidenciou características morfológicas compatíveis com a transição da fase canalicular para sacular em todos os grupos. Conclusão As exposições a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente não influenciaram nos parâmetros reprodutivos das fêmeas, entretanto, a ninhada das mães que receberam luz em todo período apresentou melhores medidas morfométricas.

The Influence of Light Exposure in Ambiance during Pregnancy in Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: An Experimental Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to different environmental lighting conditions affects the reproductive parameters of pregnant mice and the development of their offspring. METHODS: Fifteen pregnant albino mice were divided into three groups: light/dark, light, and dark. The animals were euthanized on day 18 of pregnancy following the Brazilian Good Practice Guide for Euthanasia of Animals. Maternal and fetal specimens were measured and collected for histological evaluation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparison of the groups considering p ≤ 0.05 to be statistically significant. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the maternal variables between the three groups. Regarding fetal variables, significant differences were observed in the anthropometric measures between the groups exposed to different environmental lighting conditions, with the highest mean values in the light group. The histological evaluation showed the same structural pattern of the placenta in all groups, which was within the normal range. However, evaluation of the uterus revealed a discrete to moderate number of endometrial glands in the light/dark and light groups, which were poorly developed in most animals. In the fetuses, pulmonary analysis revealed morphological features consistent with the transition from the canalicular to the saccular phase in all groups. CONCLUSION: Exposure to different environmental lighting conditions had no influence on the reproductive parameters of female mice, while the offspring of mothers exposed to light for 24 hours exhibited better morphometric features.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a exposição a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente afeta parâmetros reprodutivos de camundongos fêmeas prenhas e o desenvolvimento de sua prole. MéTODOS: Foram selecionados para o estudo 15 camundongos fêmeas albinas prenhas. Os camundongos foram separados em grupos: luz/escuro, luz e escuro. As fêmeas foram eutanasiadas no 18° dia de gestação, seguindo as recomendações do Guia Brasileiro de Boas Práticas para a Eutanásia de animais. Tanto peças maternas como fetais foram mensuradas e coletadas para avaliação histológica. Foi utilizado o teste de Análise de variantes (Anova) para comparação dos grupos, considerando estatisticamente significativo o valor de p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Ao comparar as variáveis maternas entre os três grupos, não foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa. Em relação às variáveis fetais, houve diferenças estatísticas entre as medidas de antropometria dos grupos submetidos a diferentes luminosidades do ambiente, com melhores valores médios no grupo luz. Histologicamente, a avaliação placentária evidenciou em todos os grupos o mesmo padrão estrutural, com todos dentro da normalidade. No entanto, a avaliação de úteros, tanto do grupo luz/escuro quanto do grupo luz, mostrou quantidade discreta a moderada de glândulas endometriais, com pouco desenvolvimento na maioria dos animais. Nos fetos, análise pulmonar evidenciou características morfológicas compatíveis com a transição da fase canalicular para sacular em todos os grupos. CONCLUSãO: As exposições a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente não influenciaram nos parâmetros reprodutivos das fêmeas, entretanto, a ninhada das mães que receberam luz em todo período apresentou melhores medidas morfométricas.

Hydroxyurea-induced onychomadesis in a dog with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report.

A 12-year-old Rottweiler dog was presented with a history of prostration, weight loss and hyporexia for six months. Based on complete blood tests (hematological and biochemical analyses), bone marrow examination and imaging analysis, a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia was made. Treatment with hydroxyurea at a dosage of 18 mg/kg twice daily was not effective in controlling the high count of white blood cells. Furthermore, after 35 days of hydroxyurea treatment, the animal developed onycholysis, with sloughing of the claws of the left pelvic and left thoracic limbs and exposure of the distal phalanx. Interruption of the medication was implemented, with clinical healing of the ungual lesions observed three months after initiation of the drug. White blood cells returned to normal after using cyclophosphamide. Currently, the animal is in complete remission, having a disease-free interval of 575 days without chemotherapy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of hydroxyurea-induced onycholysis within a short-term period in a dog diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Murine model for the evaluation of candiduria caused by Candida tropicalis from biofilm.

To evaluate the pathophysiology of catheter-associated candiduria, the bladders of female mice were infected with Candida tropicalis. One group was implanted with a catheter fragment with preformed biofilm by cystotomy technique, while another group received, in separate, a sterile catheter fragment and a correspondent yeast suspension. The bladder tissues were examined by histopathology and the quantity of colony forming units was evaluated. All the animals presented inflammation and the presence of C. tropicalis was observed in the tissue within 72 h of the introduction of biofilm, while 75% of the mice remained infected after 144 h. However, only 50% of animals from the group infected with C. tropicalis in suspension (planktonic yeasts), exhibited such signs of infection over time. The cystotomy technique is therefore viable in mice, and is an effective model for evaluating the pathogenesis of candiduria from catheter biofilms. The model revealed the potential of C. tropicalis infectivity and demonstrated more effective evasion of the host response in biofilm form than the planktonic yeast.

Imunomarcação da transição epitélio-mesenquima na neoplasia mamária primária de cadelas e sua metástase em linfonodo / Epithelial to mesenchymal transition immunostaining in canine primary mammary tumor and lymph node

Os carcinomas mamários em cães apresentam alta capacidade metastática o que confere menor sobrevida para os pacientes com este tipo de neoplasia. O fenótipo transição epitélio-mesênquima, caracterizado pela troca dos filamentos intermediários de citoqueratina por vimentina, além da perda da proteína de adesão entre células (E-caderina) está relacionado com a maior ocorrência de metástase. Diante disto, objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de imunomarcações, a expressão de vimentina, citoqueratina e E-caderina nos tumores mamários caninos e suas metástases em linfonodo, a fim de avaliar o comportamento celular frente a esta neoplasia. Foram analisados cinco casos de neoplasias mamárias primárias caninas e suas respectivas metástases em linfonodos. Foram comparadas as médias de imunomarcações do grupo de neoplasias primárias com as médias do grupo metástase. Não houve diferença estatística nas imunomarcações da citoqueratina (p=0,1407) e E-caderina (p= 0,312) entre os grupos, apesar da média de expressão da E-caderina ter sido maior no grupo de metástases. A expressão da vimentina foi maior nos sítios das metástases (p=0,0462). Conclui-se que a expressão de vimentina aumenta no foco da metástase em relação aos seus respectivos tumores primários mamários caninos, caracterizando alteração estrutural celular, conferindo um fenótipo transição epitélio-mesênquima. Além da E-caderina apresentar fortes indícios de aumento no foco da metástase caracterizando maior adesão.(AU)

Mammary carcinomas in dogs have a high metastatic capacity which gives a shorter survival rate for patients with this type of tumor. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype, characterized by the trade of intermediary filaments of cytokeratin by vimentin, also by the loss of the adhesion protein between cells (E-cadherin) is associated with metastasis. Due to this fact, it was aimed to evaluate, by immunostaining, the expression of vimentin, cytokeratin and E-cadherin in canine mammary tumors and the metastasis in lymph node, in order to assess the cell behavior when facing this cancer. Five cases of canine mammary tumors and metastasis in lymph node were evaluated. The averages of immunostainings of the group of primary neoplasms were compared with the averages of the lymph node group. The results showed that immunostaining for cytokeratins (p=0,1407) and E-caderina (p=0,312) were not significant between the groups, despite the expression mean of cadherin was higher in the metastase group. The expression of vimentin (p=0,04) was greater at sites of metastases. It is concluded that the expression of vimentin increases in the focus of the metastase in relation to their respective primary canine mammary tumors, characterizing cellular structural alteration, conferring a transient epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype. And cadherin present strong evidence of increased focus on metastasis characterizing increased adhesion.(AU)

Renal lesions in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum / Alterações renais de cães naturalmente infectados com Leishmania infantum

We analyzed serum urea and creatinine levels and the renal histology of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis, and conducted a urinalysis to evaluate their renal damage. Urine, blood, and kidney samples were obtained from 43 dogs. The dogs were divided into 3 groups according to their clinical presentation: asymptomatic (n= 9), oligosymptomatic (n= 17), and symptomatic (n=17). We detected increased creatinine and urea levels in 7/43 and 8/43 of the dogs, respectively. In the urinalysis, nephritis was found in 22/43 seropositive dogs. Histopathologic alterations included tubulointerstitial alterations (39/43) and glomerulonephritis (25/43). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (11/43) was the most common glomerular alteration, followed bymembranous glomerulonephritis (6/43), proliferative glomerulonephritis (7/43), and glomerular sclerosis (1/43). Our data indicate that alterations in the urinalysis and renal histopathology in dogs with leishmaniasis can appear before increases in serum urea and creatinine levels can be detected, even when clinical symptoms of the disease are absent. A diagnosis of leishmaniasis should be considered in dogs with renal damage, and renal function should be evaluated in dogs with leishmaniasis.

Objetivou-se avaliar a função renal de cães sororreagentes para leishmaniose visceral, através da dosagem séricas de ureia e creatinina urinálise e alterações histopatológicas do tecido renal, associando com as alterações clínicas. Foram utilizados 43 cães positivos, divididos em assintomáticos (9/43), oligossintomáticos(17/43) e sintomáticos (17/43). Verificou-se creatina aumentada em 1/9 dos assintomáticos; 1/17 dos oligossintomáticos e 1/17 sintomáticos. 4/17 dos oligossintomáticos e 4/17 dos sintomáticos tiveram valores de ureia aumentados. Constatou-se na urinálise nefrite em 22/43 cães soropositivos, destes 6/22 eram assintomáticos, 8/22 oligossintomáticos e 8/22 sintomáticos. Na avaliação histopatológica verificaram-se alterações tubulointersticiais e glomerulares. A glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa foi o tipo mais frequente e ocorreu em 11/43 cães sendo que 5/11 eram sintomáticos, 4/11oligossintomáticos e 2/11 eram assintomáticos. Glomerulonefrite membranosa foi observada em 6/43 animais e destes 3/6 eram oligossintomáticos e 3/6 sintomáticos. A glomerulonefrite proliferativa foi observada em 7/43 cães sendo que 3/7 cães eram oligossintomáticos, 2/7 era sintomático e 2/7 eram assintomáticos. A esclerose glomerular foi em 1/43 animal sintomático. A leishmaniose visceral canina pode causar lesões glomerulares e tubulares do tecido renais levando a alterações urinárias e dos valores séricos ureia e creatinina. Cães com leishmaniose podem apresentar lesões renais mesmo sem sinais clínicos da doença.