Low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour presenting as retroperitoneal spindle cell neoplasm.

Retroperitoneal spindle cell neoplasms are diagnostically challenging. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) can sometimes present as sporadic primary retroperitoneal tumours. MPNSTs are usually high-grade and highly aggressive tumours and are associated with a poor prognosis. Low-grade MPNSTs are very rarely described. This current case report describes a case of sporadic primary low-grade MPNST presenting as retroperitoneal spindle cell neoplasm. The diagnosis, imaging and immunohistopathological findings, as well as its successful surgical management, are presented.

"You Sleep, You Die": A Rare Clinical Case of Ondine's Curse after Posterior Fossa Surgery.

Ondine's curse is a rare condition in which breathing is preserved while awake, but there is absence of autonomic control of ventilation. It is a potentially fatal complication that may result rarely from surgery in posterior fossa in area close to respiratory centers. We describe a patient with posterior fossa hemangioblastoma who underwent subtotal resection via telovelar approach and developed acquired Ondine's curse postoperatively. The patient's presentation and management are described. Besides that, Ondine's is a great example of how modern medicine is linked to ancient literature, and thus, its anecdotal history is also described.

Urinoma following blunt renal trauma in a patient with anomalous solitary kidney: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Blunt traumatic injury to the genitourinary system is uncommon. Urinoma formation may occur in patients with blunt trauma after high grade renal injuries. In such cases, the presence of solitary kidney must be ruled out as it may affect treatment decisions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 21 years old male presented to our facility with complaints of abdominal pain and frank hematuria following physical assault. Physical examination revealed tenderness at the right flank. Laboratory evaluation showed a decreased hemoglobin level and urinalysis showed proteinuria and marked hematuria. Imaging findings were consistent with AAST Grade IV right renal injury affecting the renal pelvis with urinoma formation and congenital megacalyces. Incidental finding of unilateral renal agenesis on the left side was also noted. Our patient underwent Ureteroscopy with double-J stenting. Subsequent ultrasonography after the procedure showed resolution of the perirenal collection. DISCUSSION: The presence of solitary kidney must be ruled out in cases of high grade renal trauma as operative procedures may lead to catastrophic consequences in such cases. Urinoma formation after renal trauma may occur if the renal pelvis is injured and should be managed preferably by urinary diversion in the form of ureteral stenting over other operative procedures, especially in patients with anomalous solitary kidney. CONCLUSION: Presence of bilateral kidneys should be confirmed before subjecting patients with high grade renal injury to operative procedures. Early ureteric stenting appears to be an effective method of urinary diversion for management of symptomatic urinomas in patients with anomalous solitary kidney.