RESUMO
Pancreatic cancer is an insidious type of cancer with its symptoms manifested upon extensive disease. The overall 5-year survival rates between 0.4 and 4%. Surgical resection is an option for only 10% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Local recurrence and hepatic metastases occur within 2 years after surgery. There are currently several molecular pathways investigated and novel targeted treatments are on the market. However; the nature of pancreatic cancer with its ability to spread locally in the primary site and lymph nodes indicates that further experimentation with local interventional therapies could be a future treatment proposal as palliative care or adjunct to gene therapy and chemotherapy/radiotherapy. In the current review, we will summarize the molecular pathways and present the interventional treatment options for pancreatic cancer.
Assuntos
Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Quinases Proteína-Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Genes p16 , Humanos , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas ras/genéticaRESUMO
A new drug for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been recently added as a treatment for certain patients. However, new evidences indicate that there might be a connection with lung cancer. It is known that smoking is a major factor that induces chronic pulmonary disease and smoking is associated with lung cancer. The level of connection between phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitors and lung cancer will be discussed based on current studies. A comment will be made whether lung cancer is induced to patients receiving phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitors from the drug or former smoking habit.