Perfusion fraction derived from IVIM analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI in the assessment of placental vascular malperfusion antenatally.

INTRODUCTION: Specific placental pathologies that may impact fetal development, such as vascular malperfusion, are diagnosed postpartum. We aimed to evaluate if placental perfusion fraction (f) derived from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can be used to identify specific types of placental vascular malperfusion antenatally. METHOD: 93 women who underwent placental DWI with multiple b-values at 23.9-41.3 week's gestation and postpartum histological examination were identified in the local placental MRI research database. Based on the placental examination, 44 were defined as normal controls and 49 cases had placental vascular malperfusion. Vascular malperfusion was subdivided into fetal vascular malperfusion (n = 13), maternal vascular malperfusion (n = 30) or both (n = 6). For each placenta, regions of interest were drawn on three placental slices and their mean f was estimated using intravoxel incoherence motion analysis. RESULTS: In normal placentas mean f was 26.0 ± 4.6% (mean ± SD) and no linear correlation between f and gestational age was found, r = -0.05, p = 0.72. Placentas with fetal vascular malperfusion showed a significantly lower f (22.7 ± 4.4%) compared to normal controls, p = 0.03. In cases of maternal vascular malperfusion (25.2 ± 6.4%), no significant difference in f was revealed, p = 0.55. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that placental DWI-derived f may identify fetal vascular malperfusion in vivo. This study confirms a previous pilot study and provides initial evidence that fetal and maternal vascular malperfusion have different MRI signatures. Future studies are needed to further explore the clinical significance of this interesting finding.

Irreversible electroporation of pancreatic cancer - Effect on quality of life and pain perception.

BACKGROUND: Most pancreatic cancer (PC) patients are incurable and may need palliative treatment at some point in time. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablative treatment, which aims to provide local tumor control. The aim of this study was to examine how consolidative treatment with IRE affects quality of life (QOL) and pain perception (PP) in patients with non-metastatic pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Secondary outcomes were extracted from a prospective cohort of non-metastatic PC patients treated with IRE from 2013 to 2019. Patients filled in two questionnaires examining QOL and PP at different timepoints during treatment and follow-up. Data from a selected panel of subscales were extracted and analyzed using a mixed random intercept regression model. RESULTS: Subscales from 41 patients at four different timepoints were included in the model. Global health status, physical functioning, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, appetite loss and mean pain interference were negatively impacted (p < 0.05) in the short- and mid-term, corresponding to a low or moderate clinical effect size. However, all negative effects showed a tendency to dissipate over time. CONCLUSIONS: IRE treatment negatively impacted QOL and PP in the short- and mid-term. No positive long-term effects of IRE were found.