Up-Regulation of S100A8 and S100A9 in Pulmonary Immune Response Induced by a Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum HN-B Strain.

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc), a member of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, has a negative impact on the goat-breeding industry. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanism of Mcc. This study infected mice using a previously isolated strain, Mcc HN-B. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analyses, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were performed on mouse lung tissues. The results showed that 235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that the DEGs were mainly associated with immune response, defensive response to bacteria, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. RT-qPCR verified the expression of Ccl5, Cd4, Cd28, Il2rb, Lck, Lat, Ptgs2, S100a8, S100a9, and Il-33. The up-regulation of S100A8 and S100A9 at the protein level was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, RT-qPCR assays on Mcc HN-B-infected RAW264.7 cells also showed that the expression of S100a8 and S100a9 was elevated. S100A8 and S100A9 not only have diagnostic value in Mcc infection but also hold great significance in clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of Mcc. This study preliminarily elucidates the mechanism of Mcc HN-B-induced lung injury and provides a theoretical basis for further research on Mcc-host interactions.

Development and verification of a 10K liquid chip for Hainan black goat based on genotyping by pinpoint sequencing of liquid captured targets.

BACKGROUND: China has thousands years of goat breeding and abundant goat genetic resources. Additionally, the Hainan black goat is one of the high-quality local goat breeds in China. In order to conserve the germplasm resources of the Hainan black goat, facilitate its genetic improvement and further protect the genetic diversity of goats, it is urgent to develop a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for Hainan black goat. RESULTS: In this study, we aimed to design a 10K liquid chip for Hainan black goat based on genotyping by pinpoint sequencing of liquid captured targets (cGPS). A total of 45,588 candidate SNP sites were obtained, 10,677 of which representative SNP sites were selected to design probes, which finally covered 9,993 intervals and formed a 10K cGPS liquid chip for Hainan black goat. To verify the 10K cGPS liquid chip, some southern Chinese goat breeds and a sheep breed with similar phenotype to the Hainan black goat were selected. A total of 104 samples were used to verify the clustering ability of the 10K cGPS liquid chip for Hainan black goat. The results showed that the detection rate of sites was 97.34% -99.93%. 84.5% of SNP sites were polymorphic. The heterozygosity rate was 3.08%-36.80%. The depth of more than 99.4% sites was above 10X. The repetition rate was 99.66%-99.82%. The average consistency between cGPS liquid chip results and resequencing results was 85.58%. In addition, the phylogenetic tree clustering analysis verified that the SNP sites on the chip had better clustering ability. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that we have successfully realized the development and verification of the 10K cGPS liquid chip for Hainan black goat, which provides a useful tool for the genome analysis of Hainan black goat. Moreover, the 10K cGPS liquid chip is conducive to the research and protection of Hainan black goat germplasm resources and lays a solid foundation for its subsequent breeding work.

Immune Cells in the Spleen of Mice Mediate the Inflammatory Response Induced by Mannheimia haemolytica A2 Serotype.

(1) Background: Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) is an opportunistic pathogen and is mainly associated with respiratory diseases in cattle, sheep, and goats. (2) Methods: In this study, a mouse infection model was established using a M. haemolytica strain isolated from goats. Histopathological observations were conducted on various organs of the mice, and bacterial load determination and RNA-seq analysis were specifically performed on the spleens of the mice. (3) Results: The findings of this study suggest that chemokines, potentially present in the spleen of mice following a M. haemolytica challenge, may induce the migration of leukocytes to the spleen and suppress the release of pro-inflammatory factors through a negative feedback regulation mechanism. Additionally, an interesting observation was made regarding the potential of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells congregating in the spleen to differentiate into immune cells, which could potentially collaborate with leukocytes in their efforts to counteract M. haemolytica invasion. (4) Conclusions: This study revealed the immune regulation mechanism induced by M. haemolytica in the mouse spleen, providing valuable insights into host-pathogen interactions and offering a theoretical basis for the prevention, control, and treatment of mannheimiosis.

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiles in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Buffalo and Cattle.

Buffalo meat is gaining popularity for its nutritional properties, such as its low fat and cholesterol content. However, it is often unsatisfactory to consumers due to its dark color and low tenderness. There is currently limited research on the regulatory mechanisms of buffalo meat quality. Xinglong buffalo are raised in the tropical Hainan region and are undergoing genetic improvement from draught to meat production. For the first time, we evaluated the meat quality traits of Xinglong buffalo using the longissimus dorsi muscle and compared them to Hainan cattle. Furthermore, we utilized a multi-omics approach combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to explore the underlying molecular mechanism regulating meat quality traits. We found that the Xinglong buffalo had significantly higher meat color redness but lower amino acid content and higher shear force compared to Hainan cattle. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified, with them being significantly enriched in nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolic and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. The correlation analysis revealed that those genes and metabolites (such as: GAMT, GCSH, PNP, L-aspartic acid, NADP+, and glutathione) are significantly associated with meat color, tenderness, and amino acid content, indicating their potential as candidate genes and biological indicators associated with meat quality. This study contributes to the breed genetic improvement and enhancement of buffalo meat quality.

Sheep and goat pathogen database: a pathogen data integration and analysis database of sheep and goat infectious diseases.

The prevalence of infectious diseases in sheep and goats has a significant impact on the development of the sheep and goat industry and public health security. The identification and analysis of pathogens are crucial for infectious disease research; however, existing databases pay little attention to sheep and goat diseases, and pathogen data are relatively scattered. Therefore, the effective integration, analysis and visualization of these data will help us conduct in-depth research on sheep and goat infectious diseases and promote the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. This article considered the pathogens of 44 infectious diseases in sheep and goats as the main research objects and collected and downloaded relevant scientific literature, pathogen genomes, pathogen transcriptomes, pathogen occurrence records, and other data. The C# programming language and an SQL Server database were used to construct and realize the functions of the Sheep and Goat Pathogen Database (SGPD) within a B/S architecture based on the ASP.NET platform. The SGPD mainly provides an integrated platform for sheep and goat pathogen data retrieval, auxiliary analysis, and user upload, including several functionalities: (1) a Disease Introduction module that queries basic information regarding the 44 recorded sheep and goat infectious diseases, such as epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and prevention and control measures; (2) an Omics Information module that allows users to query and download the genome and transcriptome data related to the pathogens of sheep and goat infectious disease, and provide sequence alignment functionality; (3) a Pathogen Structure module that enables users to view electron micrographs of pathogen structure and tissue sections related to sheep and goat disease from publicly published research; (4) a Literature Search module based on the "Pathogen Dictionary" search strategy that facilitates searches for published research related to pathogens of infectious disease; (5) a Science Popularization module that allows users to view popular science materials related to sheep and goat infectious diseases; and (6) a Public Health module that allows users to query the risk factors of zoonotic disease transmission and the corresponding related literature, and realize the visualization of pathogen distribution. The SGPD is a specialized sheep and goat pathogen information database that provides comprehensive resources and technical support for sheep and goat infectious disease research, prevention, and control.