RESUMO
The study of the increasing incidence of melanoma over the past few decades is essential regarding prevention and optimization of health resources. We collected cases of melanoma from Hospital son Llàtzer from the Migjorn health sector of Mallorca, Spain from 2003 through 2021, and calculated the incidence of melanoma adjusted to the standard European population. In addition, other demographic and clinicopathological data were descriptively analyzed too. A total of 690 new cases of melanoma were detected with a progressive increase in the age-standardized incidence from 7.47 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year in 2003 up to 23.84 in 2021 mainly due to early stages of the disease. The incidence of melanoma has increased significantly in Mallorca probably due to the increasing population coming from northern Europe (low phototypes), sun exposure habits (tourism, fishing, agriculture), and improved early diagnosis.
RESUMO
The study of the increasing incidence of melanoma over the past few decades is essential regarding prevention and optimization of health resources. We collected cases of melanoma from Hospital son Llàtzer from the Migjorn health sector of Mallorca, Spain from 2003 through 2021, and calculated the incidence of melanoma adjusted to the standard European population. In addition, other demographic and clinicopathological data were descriptively analyzed too. A total of 690 new cases of melanoma were detected with a progressive increase in the age-standardized incidence from 7.47 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year in 2003 up to 23.84 in 2021 mainly due to early stages of the disease. The incidence of melanoma has increased significantly in Mallorca probably due to the increasing population coming from northern Europe (low phototypes), sun exposure habits (tourism, fishing, agriculture), and improved early diagnosis.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: We performed a cross-sectional study of neurocognitive function in non-brain cancer patients treated with long-term bevacizumab. METHODS/PATIENTS: From 2015 to 2017, we included patients with different types of cancer treated with bevacizumab with or without chemotherapy (BEV; N = 20) or only chemotherapy (ChT; N = 19) for at least 34 weeks, patients who received non-brain radiotherapy (RxT; N = 19), and healthy controls (HC; N = 19) were assessed once at week 34 of treatment (BEV and ChT) or at completion of radiotherapy. Neurocognition was evaluated with the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) total and delayed recall, the Trail Making Test A and B, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test in the four groups. Non-parametric tests were used to assess differences between groups. RESULTS: The BEV, ChT, and RxT groups scored significantly lower than the HC group on all tests and especially on the HVLT-R total recall. In no case were the mean scores of the BEV group significantly lower than those of the ChT or RxT groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive impairment was seen even in patients treated with local non-brain radiotherapy. Treatment with bevacizumab for a long period of time does not seem to worsen neurocognitive function to a greater extent than chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/diagnóstico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Bevacizumab/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/etiologia , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Perineural invasion (PNI) is a feature of poor prognosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The benefit of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the management of CSCC with PNI is still not well established. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of PORT in the treatment of CSCC with PNI so as to determine which patients would best benefit from this type of treatment. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter cohort of 110 CSCCs with PNI was evaluated. Eighteen recurrent cases were excluded for subsequent analysis. We searched for the types of PNI associated with poor outcome and analysed the effectiveness of PORT on different groups of CSCC with PNI. We also assessed for the usefulness of PORT depending on the surgical margin status (either clear or positive). RESULTS: Postoperative radiotherapy showed clear benefit over observation in CSCC with PNI and positive margins after surgery, where the management by observation increased the risk of poor outcome events 2.43 times (P = 0.025), and especially in those with positive margins and PNI ≥0.1 mm, where the risk of poor prognosis is eight times greater following a management by observation (P = 0.0065). Multivariate competing risk analysis preserved statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PORT on patients with CSCC with PNI and positive margins after surgery, especially in PNI ≥0.1 mm, significantly improves long-term outcome. The benefit of PORT in cases with clear margins is not as evident, especially in those with PNI of small-calibre nerves. Clinical trials are imperative.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgiaRESUMO
The use of autogenous grafts is still considered in bone regeneration surgeries. However, the bone cell viability of such grafts after being harvested from donor sites remains a matter of debate. The aim of the present study is to evaluate particulated and block bone cell viability, in terms of presence or absence of apoptosis and necrosis, obtained from different maxillary intra-oral harvesting methods: bone scraper, rotary carbide burs and piezoelectric device. Five healthy patients were enrolled in the study. The patients required sinus augmentation by lateral window approach. The bone was harvested by the bone scraper, piezoelectric device and rotary surgical instrument. The samples were processed with the Annexin V/FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate stain) kit and were analyzed by means of Fluoresence-Activated Cell Sorted (FACS) technique. Within the limitations of this pilot study, the results indicated that autogenous bone chips collected from the three harvesting methods presented a large percentage of apoptotic cells, although large scale production of necrotic cells was not detected. In summary, although rotary surgical instrument and piezoelectric devices are frequently used instruments for oral osteotomy, fresh autogenous bone chips collected from them did not present a viable bone cell source.
Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo , Maxila/transplante , Osteotomia , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Adulto , Apoptose , Separação Celular/métodos , Sobrevivência Celular , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Osteotomia/instrumentação , Projetos Piloto , Espanha , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
A 27-yr-old female with a 6-month diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) confirmed elsewhere was referred to our centre with worsening dyspnoea. On examination, the patient had low systemic oxygen saturation despite high oxygen flow and reduced exercise capacity. Haemodynamics were indicative of severe pre-capillary PAH. High-resolution computed tomography revealed diffuse ground-glass opacity with thickening interlobular septa, and haemosiderin-laden macrophages were identified by bronchoalveolar lavage. Based on clinical and diagnostic findings, the patient was re-diagnosed with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). Treatment with high-dose diuretics and the endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan improved the patient's exercise capacity, haemodynamics and quality of life. However, 1 yr later there was a progressive, slow deterioration in the patient's functional capacity and oxygen saturation, and inhaled prostanoid and oxygen therapy were initiated. Despite some subjective improvements, the patient's haemodynamics and oxygen saturation continued to decline and she underwent lung transplantation. This case emphasises that PVOD is an under-recognised and often misdiagnosed form of pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of PVOD requires comprehensive clinical and diagnostic work-up. While lung transplantation remains the treatment of choice for patients with PVOD, targeted therapies for PAH in addition to high doses of diuretics merit evaluation.
Assuntos
Erros de Diagnóstico , Pneumopatia Veno-Oclusiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Pulmonar Primária Familiar , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Transplante de Pulmão , Pneumopatia Veno-Oclusiva/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatia Veno-Oclusiva/cirurgiaRESUMO
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a well-known complication of connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue diseases, and to a lesser extent, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatopolymyositis and primary Sjögren's syndrome. In these patients, pulmonary hypertension may occur in association with left heart disease, interstitial fibrosis or as a result of a isolated pulmonary arteriopathy. The incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the limited form of systemic sclerosis is about 10%. The pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension remain unknown. Symptoms and clinical presentation are very similar to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension but mortality was confirmed to be higher. Echocardiography is the reference investigation for the detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension but the results should be confirmed by right heart catheterization. Treatment appears more complex as compared to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Intravenous epoprostenol therapy has been shown to be effective in a special trail. Also, the endothelin receptor antagonists bosentan and sitaxentan, the phosphodyesterase-type-5 sildenafil and subcutaneous treprostinil have shown favourable results.
Assuntos
Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Algoritmos , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/epidemiologia , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/terapia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapiaRESUMO
A 61-year-old female with a history of vaginal dryness, Raynaud's phenomenon, xerostomia and xerophthalmia presented with exertional dyspnoea and weakness. Laboratory and instrumental examinations enabled us to make the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome, while cardiologic and imaging investigations evidenced isolated pulmonary hypertension and ruled out pulmonary fibrosis. Oral anticoagulant and furosemide therapy induced a partial improvement of exertional dyspnoea and weakness.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicações , Síndrome de Sjogren/diagnóstico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Furosemida/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Função Respiratória , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Síndrome de Sjogren/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia DopplerRESUMO
The efficacy and safety of combining bosentan, an orally active dual endothelin receptor antagonist and epoprostenol, a continuously infused prostaglandin, in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was investigated. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study, 33 patients with PAH started epoprostenol treatment (2 ng.kg(-1)min(-1) starting dose, up to 14+/-2 ng.kg(-1)min(-1) at week 16) and were randomised for 16 weeks in a 2:1 ratio to bosentan (62.5 mg b.i.d for 4 weeks then 125 mg b.i.d) or placebo. Haemodynamics, exercise capacity and functional class improved in both groups at week 16. In the combination treatment group, there was a trend for a greater (although nonsignificant) improvement in all measured haemodynamic parameters. There were four withdrawals in the bosentan/epoprostenol group (two deaths due to cardiopulmonary failure, one clinical worsening, and one adverse event) and one withdrawal in the placebo/epoprostenol group (adverse event). This study showed a trend but no statistical significance towards haemodynamics or clinical improvement due to the combination of bosentan and epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Several cases of early and late major complications were reported. Additional information is needed to evaluate the risk/benefit ratio of combined bosentan-epoprostenol therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Epoprostenol/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Bosentana , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Epoprostenol/administração & dosagem , Epoprostenol/efeitos adversos , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Segurança , Sulfonamidas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonamidas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Past medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension included the use of calcium-channel antagonists in acute vasoreactive subjects and oral anticoagulants and continuous intravenous administration of epoprostenol in the more severe cases. Recently, the thromboxane inhibitor terbogrel, the prostacyclin analogues treprostinil, beraprost and iloprost, and the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan have been tested in clinical trials in >1,100 patients. Except for terbogrel, all compounds improved the mean exercise capacity by different degrees, as assessed by the 6-min walk test. In the evaluation of the clinical relevance of exercise capacity improvements, additional elements need to be considered, such as baseline functional class and concomitant favourable effects on combined clinical events (including hospitalisations, mortality and rescue therapies), quality of life and haemodynamics. No trials have shown effects on mortality, as the study protocols were not designed for assessing this end-point. Each new compound presents side-effects that are unpredictable in the individual patient and require appropriate attention upon treatment initiation and maintenance. These new therapeutic options will be available in the near future and will allow tailoring of the most appropriate treatment to the single patient, according to an individualised benefit-to-risk ratio.
Assuntos
Epoprostenol/análogos & derivados , Epoprostenol/administração & dosagem , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Iloprosta/administração & dosagem , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/mortalidade , Masculino , Prognóstico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Prostacyclin is a substance produced by endothelial cells that induces vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation and of vascular cell migration and proliferation. A dysregulation of the prostacyclin metabolic pathways has been shown in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The clinical use of prostacyclin has been made possible by the synthesis of stable analogues that possesses different pharmacokinetic properties but share similar pharmacodynamic effects. The greatest experience has been collected with intravenous epoprostenol while other compounds like subcutaneous UT-15, inhaled iloprost and oral beraprost are currently in different stages of clinical development. Although favorable results have been reported for each compound, different benefit-to-side effects profiles characterize the various modalities of the administration.
Assuntos
Epoprostenol/análogos & derivados , Epoprostenol/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Epoprostenol/administração & dosagem , Epoprostenol/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Iloprosta/uso terapêutico , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most patients with familial primary pulmonary hypertension have defects in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR2), a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of receptors. Because patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia may have lung disease that is indistinguishable from primary pulmonary hypertension, we investigated the genetic basis of lung disease in these patients. METHODS: We evaluated members of five kindreds plus one individual patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and identified 10 cases of pulmonary hypertension. In the two largest families, we used microsatellite markers to test for linkage to genes encoding TGF-beta-receptor proteins, including endoglin and activin-receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), and BMPR2. In subjects with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary hypertension, we also scanned ALK1 and BMPR2 for mutations. RESULTS: We identified suggestive linkage of pulmonary hypertension with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia on chromosome 12q13, a region that includes ALK1. We identified amino acid changes in activin-receptor-like kinase 1 that were inherited in subjects who had a disorder with clinical and histologic features indistinguishable from those of primary pulmonary hypertension. Immunohistochemical analysis in four subjects and one control showed pulmonary vascular endothelial expression of activin-receptor-like kinase 1 in normal and diseased pulmonary arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary hypertension in association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia can involve mutations in ALK1. These mutations are associated with diverse effects, including the vascular dilatation characteristic of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and the occlusion of small pulmonary arteries that is typical of primary pulmonary hypertension.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/genética , Mutação , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/genética , Receptores de Ativinas , Adulto , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo II , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12 , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Repetições de Microssatélites , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Linhagem , Transdução de Sinais , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/complicações , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMO
Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a potentially lethal disorder, because the elevation of the pulmonary arterial pressure may result in right-heart failure. Histologically, the disorder is characterized by proliferation of pulmonary-artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells, by intimal hyperplasia, and by in situ thrombus formation. Heterozygous mutations within the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) gene (BMPR2), of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) cell-signaling superfamily, have been identified in familial and sporadic cases of PPH. We report the molecular spectrum of BMPR2 mutations in 47 additional families with PPH and in three patients with sporadic PPH. Among the cohort of patients, we have identified 22 novel mutations, including 4 partial deletions, distributed throughout the BMPR2 gene. The majority (58%) of mutations are predicted to lead to a premature termination codon. We have also investigated the functional impact and genotype-phenotype relationships, to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to pathogenesis of this important vascular disease. In vitro expression analysis demonstrated loss of BMPR-II function for a number of the identified mutations. These data support the suggestion that haploinsufficiency represents the common molecular mechanism in PPH. Marked variability of the age at onset of disease was observed both within and between families. Taken together, these studies illustrate the considerable heterogeneity of BMPR2 mutations that cause PPH, and they strongly suggest that additional factors, genetic and/or environmental, may be required for the development of the clinical phenotype.
Assuntos
Genes Dominantes/genética , Hipertensão Pulmonar/genética , Mutação/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Sequência de Bases , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo II , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Códon de Terminação/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Éxons/genética , Feminino , Fluorescência , Dosagem de Genes , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Lactente , Íntrons/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Genéticos , Linhagem , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Sítios de Splice de RNA/genética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Deleção de Sequência/genéticaRESUMO
Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease that affects young people predominantly of female gender. Early epidemiologic studies have shown that the diagnosis is usually made 1 to 2 years after symptoms onset, and the mean survival is reduced to 2 to 3 years thereafter. New insights into the pathogenesis of PPH by epidemiologic studies may be obtained through the utilization of informatic technologies coupled to a clear definition of the disease. Early stages of precapillary pulmonary hypertension could be identified through screening tests like echocardiography in populations with higher incidence, such as familial PPH and the conditions associated with pulmonary hypertension. These latter conditions are hemodynamically and pathologically similar to the primary form, and they can give insight into several possible aspects of the pathogenesis of PPH. Prospective registries are very useful in coordinating the collection of epidemiologic data, and new technologies, such as informatics, may improve the management and the continuous updating of the databases.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapia , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Computação em Informática Médica , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder is a rarity but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intramural neoplasm. We report a case illustrating clinical and pathological features in particular the immunohistochemistry. Etiology and differential diagnosis are discussed.
Assuntos
Leiomioma/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Humanos , Leiomioma/diagnóstico , Leiomiossarcoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Neoplasias UterinasRESUMO
PURPOSE: We assessed the results of transvesical prostatectomy in patients older than 80 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 98 patients 80 to 90 years old who underwent transvesical prostatectomy between 1986 and 1993, including those with a large prostate (preoperative estimated weight more than 80 gm.), numerous or large cystolithiasis and large bladder diverticulum, which are indications for open prostatectomy. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. RESULTS: The indications for surgery were urinary retention in 53 patients (54%), severe obstructive urinary symptoms in 18 (18.4%), cystolithiasis in 17 (17.3%), prostatic bleeding in 10 (10.2%) and bladder diverticulum in 2 (2%). Accompanying diseases were present in 69 patients (70.6%), including ischemic heart disease in 41 (42%), diabetes mellitus in 17 (17.3%) and arterial hypertension in 14 (14.3%). A total of 59 patients (60.2%) underwent surgery while under general anesthesia and 39 (39.8%) received regional anesthesia. Average operative time was 62 minutes. Of the patients 40 (40.8%) received 1, 14 (14.3%) received 2 and 2 (2%) received 4 units of blood. No postoperative deaths or life threatening complications were noted. The immediate postoperative complications included urinary tract infection in 20 patients (20.5%), wound infection in 3 (3.0%) and orchiepididymitis in 3 (3.0%). Postoperative mild to moderate incontinence was noted in 2 patients (2.0%). Bladder neck constriction and urethral strictures occurred in 4 (4.1%) and 3 (3.0%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Transvesical prostatectomy can be performed safely in elderly patients with a low morbidity rate.
Assuntos
Prostatectomia , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Prostatectomia/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course and histological features of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder with microcysts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among 940 patients with bladder TCC diagnosed at our institution during a 5 year period. 12 (1.2%; eight men and four women, mean age 71.1 years, range 52-85) were diagnosed histologically as having microcystic TCC. Sections of the tumours were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue and clinical data obtained from the patients' records. RESULTS: Of the 12 patients with bladder TCC with microcysts, three had tumours confined to the epithelium, six had tumour invasion of the lamina propria and three had muscle invasion. One patient had low-grade TCC and 11 had high-grade TCC; six patients had a second primary tumour; three had a colon carcinoma, one a villous adenoma of the caecum, one a locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate and the last a squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. CONCLUSIONS: Microcystic TCC was associated with high-stage and high-grade bladder tumours and with other primary tumours, especially of the colon. Screening these patients for asymptomatic tumours of the colon is suggested.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Cistos/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Vacina BCG/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/terapia , Cistos/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/terapia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: We evaluated changing trends in the management of late diagnosed iatrogenic ureteral injuries before and after the introduction of percutaneous nephrostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 44 patients of whom 24 were treated primarily by immediate reconstructive surgery from 1979 to 1984 and 20 were treated primarily by percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion beginning in 1985. RESULTS: Six of the 24 patients underwent ureteroneocystostomy and 18 underwent end-to-end uretero-ureteral anastomosis to repair the injury. Postoperatively 18 patients had a urinary tract infection. Hospital stay after reconstructive surgery ranged from 14 to 35 days (average 18). Long-term followup showed a normal upper urinary tract in 22 patients and mild to moderate hydroureteronephrosis in 2. Of the 20 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy 16 (80%) had complete spontaneous recovery of the injured ureter after 14 to 66 days (average 32). Hospital stay after the insertion of the percutaneous nephrostomy tube ranged from 3 to 5 days. Urinary tract infection developed in 4 patients and mild hydronephrosis was noted in 1 on long-term followup. CONCLUSIONS: The primary management of ureteral injury by percutaneous nephrostomy resulted in significantly decreased reoperation and morbidity rates, and enabled spontaneous recovery of the injured ureter in the majority of patients.
Assuntos
Complicações Intraoperatórias/cirurgia , Ureter/lesões , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nefrostomia PercutâneaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of radionuclide scrotal imaging (RSI) in the diagnosis of testicular torsion and torsion of testicular appendages. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven patients (mean age 30.1 years, range 8-65) who presented with acute scrotal pain were evaluated by RSI and the results correlated with the clinical and surgical findings. RESULTS: Of the 87 patients, 44 underwent scrotal exploration and 42 patients were treated conservatively. One patient with a 'missed torsion' pattern on RSI refused operation and was lost to follow-up. Of the 44 patients who underwent surgery, testicular torsion was found in 30 and torsion of testicular appendages in 14 patients. The specificity of the RSI in diagnosing testicular torsion was 100% and the sensitivity was 98%. An area of increased tracer activity in the presence of a normal radionuclide angiogram was suggestive of torsion of testicular appendages with a specificity of 93%. Of the 42 patients who were treated conservatively, 19 had epididymitis, according to clinical and RSI findings, 10 had torsion of testicular appendages, two had orchiepididymitis, two had hydrocele, two had haematocele and seven patients had normal testes. At a follow-up examination, normal testicles were found in all 42 patients. CONCLUSION: The RSI may assist in the evaluation of nontraumatic acute scrotum, and can clearly distinguish among testicular torsion, torsion of testicular appendages and epididymitis.