Evaluation of the Effects of Topical Fluoride Varnish and Fluoride Releasing Adhesive on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of topical fluoride varnish and fluoride-releasing adhesive on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: A total of 60 extracted premolars were bonded to 0.022, stainless steel brackets and equally divided into three groups (n = 20) based on the adhesive used-Group I- Transbond XT Plus color change (3M Unitek), Group II- Transbond XT followed by application of fluoride varnish, and Group III- Transbond XT (3M Unitek) adhesive and their bond strengths were compared. Brackets were debonded with a universal testing machine. The modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also recorded. Data were analyzed by using an analysis of variance, and a post hoc test was performed for multiple comparisons among the groups. Results: There were no significant differences between the SBSs (p = 0.91) between the groups. Also, no significant difference was found in the modified ARI (p = 0.093). Conclusion: The orthodontic adhesives used in our study, with or without the application of topical fluoride varnish, did not have a significant effect on the bond strengths of brackets. Clinical significance: Adhesives evaluated in this study can be successfully used for bonding brackets. How to cite this article: Chauhan C, Mangla R, Gandhi G, et al. Evaluation of the Effects of Topical Fluoride Varnish and Fluoride Releasing Adhesive on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):37-41.

A clinical comparative study using anchorage from mini-implants and conventional anchorage methods to retract anterior teeth.

BACKGROUND: Proclined teeth has been one of the main reasons for compromised esthetics. In a patient with proclined anteriors, retraction is done after 1st premolar extraction. Absolute/maximum anchorage is required to achieve the best esthetics. OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study with the aim of retracting the proclined maxillary anterior teeth and to check for efficient retraction, type of tooth movement during retraction, and amount of anchorage loss. METHODS: Patients with proclined anterior teeth where therapeutic extraction of first premolars is required were included in the study, where anchorage was taken with mini-implants in one group, and in the second group, conventional anchorage method of 1st and 2nd molar banding with TPA was chosen. Each group consisted of 8 subjects. Lateral cephalogram was taken both preretraction and 4 months after starting retraction to compare anchor loss, rate of retraction, and type of tooth movement of retracted anteriors, in both groups. RESULTS: The retraction in the implant group was more than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anchorage loss was seen to be greater in conventional group than in the implant group and was also significant statistically. The type of tooth movement of the anterior teeth on retraction was also compared, with the implant group showing predominantly controlled tipping and the conventional group showing uncontrolled tipping movement.

Frictional force released during sliding mechanics in nonconventional elastomerics and self-ligation: An in vitro comparative study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the frictional forces generated by five different orthodontic brackets when used in combination with stainless steel (SS), titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA), and nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires in dry conditions at physiological temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five different types of maxillary upper right side self-ligating brackets (SLBs) (Damon 3MX, Smart Clip and Carriere LX) and conventional SS brackets (Mini 2000, Optimum Series and Victory Series) with a slot size 0.022 inch were coupled with 0.016" NiTi and 0.019 × 0.025" SS/titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires. Tests were carried out for each group of the bracket-wire combination at physiological temperature and in the dry state. Frictional forces were measured by Instron universal testing machine. RESULTS: SLB showed lower fictional values in comparison with elastic ligatures. Frictional force increased proportionally to the wire size; TMA and NiTi archwires presented higher frictional resistance than SS archwires. CONCLUSION: SS brackets tied with conventional ligatures produced high and low friction when ligated with SLBs with passive clip.

A study of occurrence of malocclusion in 12 and 15 year age group of children in rural and backward areas of haryana, india.

OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES of the study were to determine the severity of malocclusion, orthodontic treatment needs and variation in malocclusion with respect to age and sex (gender) in 12 and 15 years age-group children in rural and backward areas of Haryana, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 1322 school children (12 and 15 years of age) was selected randomly. Severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs were assessed according to dental aesthetic index (DAI) criteria (WHO). All the 10 components of DAI were assessed. Clinical examination was performed by single examiner. The data for each child was coded and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13, Chi Square and Student t-tests. RESULTS: 23.6% of the subjects had dental anomaly, ranging from mild to severe. Percentage of medium, high, and very high treatment needs in children was 15.1, 4.9, and 3.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: 76.4% children had little or no malocclusion and 23.6% children were in need of treatment which reveals that the influence of civilization has reached rural and backward areas.

Evaluation of mandibular morphology in different facial types.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mandibular morphology in different facial types using various parameters. This study was conducted on lateral cephalograms of a total of 110 subjects, which included 55 males and 55 females between the age of 18-25 years having a mean of 22.3 years for males and 21.5 years for females. The sample was divided into normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent subgroups based on Jarabak's ratio. Symphysis height, depth, ratio (height/depth) and angle, antegonial notch depth, ramal height and width, mandibular depth, upper, lower, and total gonial angle, and mandibular arc angle were analyzed statistically and graphically. It was found that the mandible with the vertical growth pattern was associated with a symphysis with large height, small depth, large ratio, small angle, decreased ramus height and width, smaller mandibular depth, increased gonial angle, and decreased mandibular arc angle in contrast to mandible with a horizontal growth pattern. Sexual dichotomy was found with mean symphysis height and depth in the female sample being smaller than in the male sample, but symphysis ratio was larger in the female sample; males having greater ramus height and width, mandibular depth than females. The mandible seemed to have retained its infantile characteristics with all its processes underdeveloped in hyperdivergent group.