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We report on the synthesis and characterization of NiMoO4 (NMO) nanorods via the hydrothermal method. The High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) image reveals the nanorod morphology of NMO. The formation of mixed phase α,ß-NMO is confirmed and the crystallite size of the nanorods is measured to be 40 nm from the XRD data. The structural formation of NMO is confirmed by Raman, FTIR, and XPS. The content of Ni, Mo and O was identified from XPS. NMO is optically active in the visible region with the band gap of 3.085 eV. The presence of four oxygen anions in the chemical formula gives the maximum electrical resistivity of 102 Ω m at 313 K and the material exhibits n-type semiconducting nature which is observed through Seebeck measurement and the Hall coefficient. The n-type semiconducting properties are observed due to the material being richer in Mo than Ni. The attained maximum Seebeck value of -159.723 µV K-1 at 513 K is comparable with that of other good thermoelectric materials at low temperatures. A decrease in the value of thermal conductivity was observed as a function of increasing temperature; NMO has the minimum thermal conductivity of 3.851 W m-1 K-1 at 513 K.
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BACKGROUND: Men die earlier than women in Germany. Men also have impaired access to cancer screening compared to women. OBJECTIVES: Our Movember campaign 2019 at University Hospital Frankfurt (UKF) aimed at improving health care awareness in the context of prostate cancer checkup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In November 2019, every male employee of the UKF with a minimum age of 45 yrs (or 40 yrs with a first degree relative with prostate cancer) was offered a free prostate cancer checkup. This checkup contained digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound and PSA (prostata-specific antigen) testing. RESULTS: Overall, 121/840 employees (14.4%) participated in the Movember campaign. A first degree relative with prostate cancer was reported in overall by 14% of the participants (nâ¯=â¯17). At least one prior prostate cancer check up had 33%. A total of 2.5% (nâ¯=â¯3) had one prior negative prostate biopsy. Median age was 54 yrs (interquartile range 50-58). Median PSA level was 0.9â¯ng/ml and median free-PSA 0.3â¯ng/ml. A suspicious DRE was found in 5% (nâ¯=â¯6). After stratification according to age (≤â¯50 yrs vs. >â¯50 yrs), participants over 50 yrs had a significantly higher PSA level (1.0â¯ng/ml vs. 0.7â¯ng/ml, pâ¯<â¯0.01) and had more frequently at least one prior prostate cancer checkup in the past (42.0 vs. 12.1%, pâ¯<â¯0.01). All suspicious DREs were in the cohort >â¯50 yrs. Overall, 32.2% (nâ¯=â¯39) had at least a suspicious checkup. A total of 3.3% (nâ¯=â¯4) had suspicious PSA levels. 17.4% (nâ¯=â¯21) of the participants had a suspicious PSA ratio (<â¯20%) only. During follow-up, 6 prostate biopsies were performed, with the detection of one case of intermediate-risk prostate cancer (Gleason 3â¯+â¯4, pT3a, pPn1, pNx, R0). CONCLUSION: Overall, 121 employees participated in our Movember Prostate cancer checkup campaign with measurement of the PSA level. Suspicious results were recorded in 32.2%. One employee was diagnosed and successfully treated with an intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
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Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias da Próstata , Exame Retal Digital , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although the natural compound curcumin exerts antitumor properties in vitro, its clinical application is hampered due to rapid metabolism. Light exposure following curcumin application has been demonstrated to improve curcumin's bioavailability. Therefore, this investigation was directed towards evaluating whether light exposure in addition to curcumin application enhances curcumin's efficacy against bladder cancer cell adhesion and migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RT112, UMUC3, and TCCSUP cells were incubated with low curcumin concentrations (0.1-0.4 µg/ml) and then exposed to 1.65 J/cm2 visible light for 5 min. Controls remained untreated or were treated with curcumin or light alone. Cell adhesion to Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), to immobilized collagen or fibronectin and chemotactic behavior, integrin α and ß receptor expression with functional relevance, as well as focal adhesion kinase (total and phosphorylated FAK) were evaluated. RESULTS: Curcumin plus light, but neither curcumin nor light alone, significantly altered tumor cell adhesion and suppressed chemotaxis. Integrin α and ß subtypes were dissimilarly modified, depending on the cell line. Suppression of pFAK was noted in RT112 and UMUC3, but not in TCCSUP cells. The integrins α3, α5, and ß1 were involved in curcumin's regulation of adhesion and migration. Blocking studies revealed α3, α5, and ß1 to be associated with TCCSUP adhesion and migration, whereas α5 and ß1, but not α3 contributed to UMUC3 adhesion and migration. Integrin α5 and ß1 controlled RT112 chemotaxis as well, but only α5 was involved in the RT112 adhesion process. CONCLUSIONS: Combining curcumin with light exposure enhances curcumin's anti-tumor potential.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Luz , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Disponibilidade Biológica , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular/efeitos da radiação , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiotaxia/efeitos da radiação , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early detection of localized testicular cancer is associated with a significantly better prognosis compared to advanced tumor stages. Testicular cancer prevention campaigns like "Hodencheck.de" launched by the German Society of Urology or the international campaign "Movember Foundation" want to inform and raise awareness about testicular cancer and other male cancers. This study aimed to evaluate to which extent public prevention campaigns may influence the behavior of young men and women in Germany. OBJECTIVES: Questionnaires were used to ask students at the University of Frankfurt, Germany, whether they are familiar with the currently most widespread testicular cancer prevention campaigns and whether testicular examinations for cancer screening were performed by themselves, a partner or a physician. RESULTS: Only a minority of the students were aware of the testicular cancer prevention campaigns "Hodencheck.de" and/or "Movember Foundation"; 79.9% of the male and 83.6% of female students had not heard of the two mentioned prevention campaigns. Significantly more male (35.2%) compared to female students (28.9%) knew that testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men. Of the men, 48.9% had already palpated their testicles, while only 12.4% of the women had already palpated the partner's testicles for cancer screening. Students knowing about the testicular cancer prevention campaigns performed significantly more testicular examinations for screening purposes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that current testicular cancer prevention campaigns are little known amongst German university students. However, the knowledge of testicular cancer prevention campaigns resulted in an increased awareness and an increased willingness for testicular (self-) examinations.
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Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Estudantes/psicologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Testículo/patologia , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The title mol-ecular salts, C16H16NO+·PF6 -, (I), and C21H21N2 +·PF6 -, (II), are pyridine derivatives. In compound (I), the cation comprises a methyl N-substituted pyridine ring and a meth-oxy-substituted benzene ring connected by a C=C double bond. The F atoms of the PF6 - anion are disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancy factors of 0.614â (7):0.386â (7). In compound (II), the cation comprises a pyridine ring attached to unsubstituted phenyl ring and a di-methyl-aniline ring, which are connected by a C=C double bond. The anion is PF6 -. In both salts, the cation adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond. The pyridine ring makes a dihedral angle of 9.86â (12)° with the meth-oxy-substituted benzene ring in compound (I) and 11.2â (3)° with the di-methyl-amine-substituted benzene ring in compound (II). In compound (I), the crystal packing is stabilized by weak C-Hâ¯F inter-molecular inter-actions which result in R 4 3(14) ring motifs, forming mol-ecular sheets running parallel to (03). These are further stabilized by weak P-Fâ¯π interactions. In compound (II), the crystal packing is stabilized by C-Hâ¯F inter-actions, which result in R 6 6(40) ring motifs, forming mol-ecular sheets running parallel to (101) and these are further connected by π-π inter-actions.
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We present an uncommon case of clinically diagnosed window period stroke subsequently recognised on diffusion - perfusion MRI as ictal paralysis due to focal inhibitory seizures or negative motor seizures. This case highlights the importance of MRI with perfusion imaging in establishing the diagnosis of stroke mimics and avoiding unnecessary thrombolysis.
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Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapiaRESUMO
Sodium acetate doped L-tyrosine single crystal with dimensions 47×15×8 mm(3) was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Nucleation kinetics of the growth of the material was studied to optimize the growth conditions. The grown doped crystal was then characterized using single crystal XRD, UV-vis-NIR, FTIR, NMR, SEM-EDAX and NLO studies. XRD study reveals that the grown crystal belongs to monoclinic system with space group P21. Lattice parameters of the grown crystals are found to be a=5.096 Å, b=8.966 Å, c=11.088 Å, α=ß=90° and γ=92.035°. The transparent range of the grown crystal was measured as 260-1100 nm with 260 nm as lower cut off wavelength using UV-vis-NIR absorption spectrum and the optical band gap was evaluated as 3.24 eV from the Tauc's plot. The various functional groups were identified using FTIR spectral analysis. The thermal behavior of the title compound has been analyzed using TGA/DTA and DSC thermal curves. From the thermal study, the material is found to possess thermal stability up to 158°C. The microstructure of the grown crystal and the presence of various elements in the crystal were analyzed using SEM and EDAX techniques. NMR spectral analysis confirms the molecular structure of the grown compound. The nonlinear optical property was tested using Kurtz Perry powder technique and SHG efficiency was measured nearly same as that of KDP.
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Dinâmica não Linear , Fenômenos Ópticos , Acetato de Sódio/química , Tirosina/química , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Cristalização , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Solubilidade , Espectrometria por Raios X , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Termogravimetria , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess broad immunomodulatory capacities that are currently investigated for potential clinical application in treating autoimmune disorders. Third-party MSCs suppress alloantigen-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells providing the rationale for clinical use in graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). We confirmed that MSCs strongly inhibited proliferation of CD8(+) T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. However, MSCs also suppressed proliferation of T cells specifically recognizing cytomegalovirus (CMV) and influenza virus. Inhibition was dose dependent, but independent of the culture medium. MSCs inhibited proliferation of specific CD8(+) T cells and the release of IFN-γ by specific CD8(+) T cells for immunodominant HLA-A2- and HLA-B7- restricted antigen epitopes derived from CMV phosphoprotein 65 and influenza matrix protein. This is in contrast to a recently reported scenario where MSCs exert differential effects on alloantigen and virus-specific T cells potentially having an impact on surveillance and prophylaxis of patients treated by MSCs.
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Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Especificidade do Receptor de Antígeno de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Vírus/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Humanos , Epitopos Imunodominantes/imunologia , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Isoantígenos/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/imunologia , Proteínas da Matriz Viral/imunologiaRESUMO
The organometallic nonlinear optical material Dichlorobis (l-proline) zinc (II) (DCBPZ) was crystallized using solution growth technique. XRD data reveal that the grown crystal belongs to orthorhombic system with space group P212121. The crystals were characterized using UV-vis-NIR, FTIR and NMR spectral studies, SEM-EDAX analysis and Atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermal and microhardness studies. Photoconductivity measurements were made to understand the response of the grown material to the visible light. The SHG efficiency of DCBPZ was also measured using Kurtz and Perry powder technique. It is observed that the NLO activity of DCBPZ is found to be twice that of KDP due to improved linear and nonlinear optical properties of the material.
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Fenômenos Ópticos , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Compostos Organometálicos/síntese química , Prolina , Zinco/química , Cristalização , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Prolina/análogos & derivados , Prolina/síntese química , Prolina/química , Análise EspectralRESUMO
Bladder cancer is a carcinoma of the elderly population. The highest incidence of bladder cancer is between the ages of 70 and 80 years old. Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard for muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment. In this article different aspects of radical cystectomy in elderly patients are reviewed. The Pubmed-MEDLINE database was searched using the following keywords: radical, cystectomy, elderly and age.
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Cistectomia/mortalidade , Cistectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Ayurveda is from a global viewpoint the oldest and the most employed traditional form of medicine in India. The difference to western medicine is that this form of medicine is based on experience, empirical evidence and intuition accumulated over thousands of years and passed down through generations orally as well as by sketches. Ayurveda is not only concerned with the physical but also with the spiritual aspects of the body and according to this doctrine most diseases result from psychological and pathological alterations in the body. Ultimately, the definition of health according to Ayurveda is an equilibrium between the physical, mental and spiritual components. Ayurvedic medicine is used within the framework of the treatment of urolithiasis for diuresis, for litholysis, as an analgetic for spasms and with an antimicrobial function.
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Ayurveda , Doenças Urológicas/terapia , Urologia/tendências , Humanos , ÍndiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The influence of the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) on prostate cancer (PC) growth, adhesion and invasive behavior was investigated. METHODS: PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP cells were treated with ZA, and tumor-cell growth was then investigated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Furthermore, tumor-cell adhesion to vascular endothelium or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins, as well as migratory properties of the cells, was evaluated. Integrin ß subtypes, integrin-dependent signaling, as well as cell-cycle regulating proteins, were analyzed by western blots. RESULTS: ZA dose-dependently reduced tumor-cell growth but did not impair tumor-endothelium and tumor-matrix interaction. However, ZA significantly inhibited tumor migration and invasive activity. Cyclin E was reduced by ZA in LNCaP and DU-145, and p21 was elevated in LNCaP cells. p27 was upregulated in all tumor cell lines, compared with the controls. ZA elevated ß1-integrin in PC-3 and diminished ß4-integrin in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. CONCLUSIONS: ZA inhibits PC growth and motility but does not influence the mechanical contact between tumor cells and the vascular wall.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Difosfonatos/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido ZoledrônicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dejerine and Benson and Geschwind postulated disconnection of the dominant angular gyrus from both visual association cortices as the basis for pure alexia, emphasizing disruption of white matter tracts in the dominant temporooccipital region. Recently functional imaging studies provide evidence for direct participation of basal temporal and occipital cortices in the cognitive process of reading. The exact location and function of these areas remain a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the participation of the basal temporal region in reading. METHOD: Extraoperative electrical stimulation of the dominant hemisphere was performed in three subjects using subdural electrodes, as part of presurgical evaluation for refractory epilepsy. RESULTS: Pure alexia was reproduced during cortical stimulation of the dominant posterior fusiform and inferior temporal gyri in all three patients. Stimulation resulted in selective reading difficulty with intact auditory comprehension and writing. Reading difficulty involved sentences and words with intact letter by letter reading. Picture naming difficulties were also noted at some electrodes. This region is located posterior to and contiguous with the basal temporal language area (BTLA) where stimulation resulted in global language dysfunction in visual and auditory realms. The location corresponded with the visual word form area described on functional MRI. CONCLUSION: These observations support the existence of a visual language area in the dominant fusiform and occipitotemporal gyri, contiguous with basal temporal language area. A portion of visual language area was exclusively involved in lexical processing while the other part of this region processed both lexical and nonlexical symbols.
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Dislexia/etiologia , Estimulação Elétrica/efeitos adversos , Leitura , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal/efeitos da radiação , Mapeamento Encefálico , Compreensão/fisiologia , Compreensão/efeitos da radiação , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Dislexia/patologia , Eletrodos , Lateralidade Funcional , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fala/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
MRI spectroscopy is a non invasive method for detecting active metabolites used as markers. Chorine and citrate are used for analyzing prostate cancer. MRI spectroscopy combines morphologic imaging and metabolic cartography. This combination allows a new approach for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with negative biopsy and high Levels of PSA. With MRI spectroscopy the Local staging of prostate cancer has a better accuracy than with MRI alone. It can also be used for the diagnosis of residual disease and recurrence in patients treated with conservative therapy.
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Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To estimate frequency and risk factors for acute postoperative seizures (APOS) within the first week after extratemporal cortical resection (ETR) and hemispherectomy (HS) in children and to assess the predictive value of APOS on long-term seizure outcome in this group. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of children (< 18 years), who underwent ETR or HS for intractable epilepsy between 1995 and 2002. APOS features and seizure outcome after ETR or HS were obtained at 6, 12, and 24 months. Univariate logistic regression was used for risk factors of APOS and life table analysis and log rank tests for seizure outcome at 0 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 24 months. RESULTS: Of 132 patients, 34 (26%) had APOS. APOS were more frequent after ETR (26/71) than HS (8/61) (p < 0.01). APOS, irrespective of their timing, number, semiology, or other perioperative complications, were an independent predictor of poor postoperative seizure outcome at 2 years (p < 0.001). The estimated odds of postoperative Engel class I outcome in the APOS vs non-APOS categories was 0.27 (73% less likely) for 0- to 6-month, 0.22 (78% less likely) for 6- to 12-month, and 0.13 (87% less likely) for the 12- to 24-month intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Acute postoperative seizures (APOS) occur in 26% children, and the risk is higher after extratemporal cortical resection than hemispherectomy. APOS predict a poor postoperative seizure outcome at 6, 12, and 24 months. This study is useful for counseling families after epilepsy surgery. It also suggests that APOS may not be discounted as "benign" in research studies that evaluate seizure outcomes after epilepsy surgery.
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Epilepsia/cirurgia , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Hemisferectomia/efeitos adversos , Convulsões/etiologia , Adolescente , Idade de Início , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Rabies caused by fox bite is uncommon, most cases being caused by bite of rabid dogs (95%). We report a 45-year-old lady with rabies encephalomyelitis caused by bite of a rabid wild fox (Vulpes vulpes), a species prevalent in the Deccan plateaus of Central India. Though foxes are known to be susceptible to rabies, literature on the pathological changes caused by fox bite rabies in humans is scarce. Unlike the mild histological alterations described in canine rabies, a florid encephalitic process evolved in fox bite rabies, in our case, with intense microglial reaction, neuronophagia and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates despite clinical manifestation as a paralytic rabies. Immunostaining using polyclonal antibodies to the rabies viral nucleocapsid antigen and to the whole virion demonstrated high viral load within neurons with extensive spread along dendritic arborization and axonal tracts. Genomic sequence analysis demonstrated close homology with canine virus strain with only minor variations.