Association between Parvovirus B19 and thyroid/celiac autoantibodies among T1DM pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, an overwhelming association between Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune diseases has been largely reported. The current study was designed to determine a possible association between autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), celiac disease (CD) - associated autoantibodies, and Parvovirus B19 infection among pediatric T1DM cases in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples from age groups 1-18 years attending the Diabetic Clinic were collected over a period of 12 months. Serum anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (TG), anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (TG-IgA), endomysial IgA (EMA-IgA), Parvovirus B19-IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by standard methods. RESULTS: The results showed the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid and CD among pediatric T1DM patients to be 44 (25%) and 25 (14.4%), respectively. The prevalence of antibodies against B19 was 70 (40%). Further determination of the prevalence of Parvovirus B19-IgG antibodies and thyroid antibodies among T1DM pediatric patients revealed that there was a significant association between them with a p<0.0491. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of autoantibodies against the thyroid was higher among the seropositive Parvovirus B19 children with T1DM. A positive association between the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid disease and the increase in the duration of diabetes was also noted. Hence, periodic screening of T1DM patients for B19 antibodies and autoantibodies for thyroid is crucial.

Palliative and end-of-life care practices for critically ill patients and their families in a peri-intensive care setting: A protocol for an umbrella review.

OBJECTIVES: This umbrella review will summarize palliative and end-of-life care practices in peri-intensive care settings by reviewing systematic reviews in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Evidence suggests that integrating palliative care into ICU management, initiating conversations about care goals, and providing psychological and emotional support can significantly enhance patient and family outcomes. METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for umbrella reviews will be followed. The search will be carried out from inception until 30 September 2023 in the following databases: Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Two reviewers will independently conduct screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, and to resolve conflicts, adding a third reviewer will facilitate the consensus-building process. The quality assessment will be carried out using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. The review findings will be reported per the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews statement. RESULTS: This umbrella review seeks to inform future research and practice in critical care medicine, helping to ensure that end-of-life care interventions are optimized to meet the needs of critically ill patients and their families.

The RIGHT Scoring System for the Medicolegal Classification of Head Injury.

Background: In India, in case of an allegation of assault, the medical officer is required to classify the nature of injury into simple, grievous, and dangerous based upon the Indian Penal Code, which is outdated and has numerous gray areas. Objective: The aim of this study is twofold: first, to formulate an objective scoring system for the medicolegal classification of head injuries and Second to validate the proposed scoring system on patients with head injury. Methods and Material: A panel of experts consisting of neurosurgeons, radiologists, and forensic specialists came up with an objective scoring system, coined as the RIGHT (radiological-intervention-Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)-based head trauma) scoring system consisting of three parameters, namely, the motor subscore of the GCS, computerized tomography image findings, and management of the patient. This was used to classify head injuries-into simple, grievous, and dangerous. A single-centre pilot study was planned-including patients with head trauma reporting to the emergency department. Medicolegal nature of the head injury was classified according to the proposed RIGHT score. A 6-month follow-up was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). Results: In total, 130 patients with head injury reported to the emergency department. There was a significant correlation between the RIGHT score assigned upon admission and the GOS at 6 months (P < 0.001). Conclusions: As the scoring system could be applied objectively and a significant correlation between nature of injury given by RIGHT score and 6-month outcome was present; therefore, the RIGHT scoring system proved to be an effective method in unambiguously classifying the nature of head injury for medicolegal opinions.

Antibacterial and antibiotic potentiating capabilities of extracts isolated from Burkillanthus malaccensis, Diospyros hasseltii and Cleisthanthus bracteosus against human pathogenic bacteria.

Antibiotics which once a boon in medicine and saved millions of lives are now facing an ever-growing menace of antibacterial resistance, which desperately needs new antibacterial drugs which are innovative in chemistry and mode of action. For many years, the world has turned to natural plants with antibacterial properties to combat antibiotic resistance. On that basis, we aimed to identify plants with antibacterial and antibiotic potentiating properties. Seventeen different extracts of 3 plants namely Burkillanthus malaccensis, Diospyros hasseltii and Cleisthanthus bracteosus were tested against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Antibacterial activity of hexane, methanol and chloroform extracts of bark, seed, fruit, flesh and leaves from these plants were tested using, disk diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Antibiotic potentiating capabilities were tested using time-kill assay. B. malaccensis fruit chloroform extract showed the biggest zone of inhibition against MRSA (13.00±0.0 mm) but C. bracteosus bark methanol extract showed the biggest inhibition zone against MSSA (15.33±0.6 mm). Interestingly, bark methanol extract of C. bracteosus was active against MRSA (8.7±0.6 mm), MSSA (7.7±0.6 mm) (Gram-positive) and A. baumannii (7.7±0.6 mm) (Gram-negative). Overall, the leaf methanol and bark methanol extract of C. bracteosus warrants further investigation such as compound isolation and mechanism of action for validating its therapeutic use as antibiotic potentiator importantly against MRSA and A. baumannii.

Analysis of smiling photograph; Operation US-Bangla Air Crash.

Human identification may be difficult when there is no antemortem data available. A photograph of the deceased may be valuable in such cases. Digital advancement and inclusion in the lives of ordinary people makes it easier to retrieve clear, high-resolution photos from social media accounts and other places. This paper describes three cases of forensic dental identification from a US-Bangla plane crash in Nepal in which a charred body was positively identified from a smiling photograph provided by the deceased's family. Each case is unique and their identification rests on the availability of pre- and post-mortem information. Thus, the number of concordant points may vary from single to multiple; there is no defined criteria for minimum number of concordance for a positive dental identification.

Elimination of human rabies in Goa, India through an integrated One Health approach.

Dog-mediated rabies kills tens of thousands of people each year in India, representing one third of the estimated global rabies burden. Whilst the World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have set a target for global dog-mediated human rabies elimination by 2030, examples of large-scale dog vaccination programs demonstrating elimination remain limited in Africa and Asia. We describe the development of a data-driven rabies elimination program from 2013 to 2019 in Goa State, India, culminating in human rabies elimination and a 92% reduction in monthly canine rabies cases. Smartphone technology enabled systematic spatial direction of remote teams to vaccinate over 95,000 dogs at 70% vaccination coverage, and rabies education teams to reach 150,000 children annually. An estimated 2249 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were averted over the program period at 526 USD per DALY, making the intervention 'very cost-effective' by WHO definitions. This One Health program demonstrates that human rabies elimination is achievable at the state level in India.

The diabetes community exercise programme plus usual care versus usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised, two-arm, parallel, open-label trial.

Background: Exercise is important in type 2 diabetes (T2D) management. Focussing on Maori and Pacific people and those from deprived circumstances, the Diabetes Community Exercise Programme (DCEP) was developed to engage people with T2D in exercise. We report the evaluation of whether being offered DCEP (plus usual care) was more effective than usual care in improving glycaemic control at 1-year. Methods: A randomised, two-arm, parallel, open-label trial with blinding of outcome assessor and data analyst. Adults (age ≥35 years) with T2D recruited from two New Zealand (NZ) communities were randomised, using opaque sealed envelopes and stratified by centre with random block lengths, to DCEP or usual care. DCEP comprises twice-weekly, two-hour sessions of exercise and education over 12-weeks, followed by a twice-weekly maintenance exercise class. The primary outcome was between-group differences in mean changes of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 1-year follow-up with intention-to treat analysis. This trial is registered with the Australian NZ Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12617001624370p and is closed to new participants. Findings: From 2018 - 2019, of 294 people screened, 165 (mean age 63·8, SD16·2 years, 56% female, 78·5% European, 14% Maori, 6% Pacific, 27% most deprived) were baseline evaluated, randomised, and analysed at study end (DCEP = 83, control = 82). Multimorbidity (≥2) and polypharmacy (>5 medications) were high (82%, 69%). We found no statistically significant between-groups differences in HbA1c (mmol/mol) change at 15 months (mean 3% higher in DCEP, 95% CI 2% lower to 8% higher, p = 0·23). Twelve-week intervention adherence was good (41% attended >80% available sessions). No adverse events were reported. Interpretation: DCEP was not effective in improving glycaemic control, possibly due to insufficient exercise intensity. Our attendance demonstrated DCEP's cultural accessibility. DCEP might be good to engage in exercise marginalised people with high Hb1Ac levels, multimorbidity, and high polypharmacy. Funding: Health Research Council of New Zealand.

Differences in Health Care Resource Utilization After Surgery for Metastatic Spinal Column Tumors in Patients with a Concurrent Affective Disorder in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are exceedingly common among patients with metastatic cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between affective disorders and health care resource utilization in patients undergoing surgery for a spinal column metastasis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample database. All adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing surgery for a metastatic spinal tumor were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification coding systems. Patients were categorized into 2 cohorts: no affective disorder (No-AD) and affective disorder (AD). Patient demographics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, intraoperative variables, postoperative adverse events (AEs), length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and total cost of hospital admission were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of increased cost, nonroutine discharge, and prolonged LOS. RESULTS: Of the 8360 patients identified, 1710 (20.5%) had a diagnosis of AD. Although no difference was observed in the rates of postoperative AEs between the cohorts (P = 0.912), the AD cohort had a significantly longer mean LOS (No-AD, 10.1 ± 8.3 days vs. AD, 11.6 ± 9.8 days; P = 0.012) and greater total cost (No-AD, $53,165 ± 35,512 vs. AD, $59,282 ± 36,917; P = 0.011). No significant differences in nonroutine discharge were observed between the cohorts (P = 0.265). On multivariate regression analysis, having an affective disorder was a significant predictor of increased costs (odds ratio, 1.45; confidence interval, 1.03-2.05; P = 0.034) and nonroutine discharge (odds ratio, 1.40; confidence interval, 1.06-1.85; P = 0.017), but not prolonged LOS (P = 0.067). CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that affective disorders were significantly associated with greater hospital expenditures and nonroutine discharge, but not prolonged LOS, for patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastases.

COVID-19-associated psychosis in Indian settings: A retrospective descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people across the world since early 2020. Besides the large number of case fatalities, this virus has produced significant health-related sequelae involving multiple systems of the body. As with previous coronavirus infections, this was also found to be associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms. Psychosis has been uncommon, and the few reported cases across the world have forwarded association with either raised inflammatory markers or the consequences of social isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive study of 12 patients, who were admitted with COVID-19 infection and psychosis, between March 2020 and December 2020. Cases of head injury, any neurological or metabolic illnesses, and substance use disorders were excluded. RESULTS: Cases with psychosis formed only 0.19% of all cases of COVID-19 admissions. All of them were young male and employed. Most of them had abrupt onset of psychosis with confusion, delusions, hallucinations, agitation, and sleep disturbances. Investigations including inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) and computerized tomography scans were largely normal. Medications used were mainly benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. Most of the cases resolved within the second week, and follow-up after a month did not elicit any residual symptoms in majority. Diagnosis was acute and transient psychotic disorder (about 75%), bipolar affective disorder (2 cases), and schizophrenia (one). CONCLUSIONS: The major findings included nonreactive inflammatory markers, quick resolution of symptoms, requirement of low doses of antipsychotic drugs, and no long-term sequelae.

A study of dementia in old age homes.

BACKGROUND: By 2040, dementia is projected to rise exponentially by 300% in India. Studies addressing the need for psychiatric care in the community being few and those focusing in old age homes even fewer, a study was undertaken to study the prevalence of dementia and the association with sociodemographic factors and psychiatric morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 558 elderly aged 60 years and above, residing in old age homes in Pune were studied. 179 inmates were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those who scored a predetermined cut-off score on the screening tool were included to undergo a detailed physical and neurological examination, cognitive profile using subtests from the cognitive test (community screening instrument for Dementia of 10/66 group). RESULTS: Mean age of the sample was 75.02 years majority (39.7%) was in the 60-70 years group. Males 25.7% versus females 74.3%. The sample consisted of the following socioeconomic groups: 40.2% middle, 26.3% low middle, 24% high middle, 8.4% high income, and 1.1% in low income. 60.3% widow/widower category, 36.3% never married, 4.5% had family history of dementia. Mean scores of mini mental state examination in the overall sample was 26.02 compared to 18.02 in those cut-off point of 23. The prevalence of dementia in the sample was 22.9%. There was the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric morbidity in the dementia group than the rest. Frontal lobe dysfunction and impairment of orientation with increasing severity of dementia were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic factors, which were considered protective against the prevalence of dementia, identified were less restriction in physical activity and having fish in the diet regularly.

Racial Disparities in Health Care Resource Utilization After Pediatric Cervical and/or Thoracic Spinal Injuries.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of race on hospital length of stay (LOS) and hospital complications among pediatric patients with cervical/thoracic injury. METHODS: A retrospective cohort was performed using the 2017 admission year from 753 facilities utilizing the National Trauma Data Bank. All pediatric patients with cervical/thoracic spine injuries were identified using the ICD-10-CM diagnosis coding system. These patients were segregated by their race, non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), non-Hispanic Asian (NHA), and Hispanic (H). Demographic, hospital variable, hospital complications, and LOS data were collected. A linear and logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the risk ratio for hospital LOS as well as complication rate, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 4,125 pediatric patients were identified. NHB cohort had a greater prevalence of cervical-only injuries (NHW: 37.39% vs. NHB: 49.93% vs. NHA: 34.29% vs. H: 38.71%, P < 0.001). While transport accident was most common injury etiology for both cohorts, NHB cohort had a greater prevalence of assault (NHW: 1.53% vs. NHB: 17.40% vs. NHA: 2.86% vs. H: 6.58%, P < 0.001) than the other cohorts. Overall complication rates were significantly higher among NHB patients (NHW: 9.39% vs. NHB: 15.12% vs. NHA: 14.29% vs. H: 13.60%, P < 0.001). Compared with the NHW cohort, NHB, NHA, and H had significantly longer hospital LOS (NHW: 6.15 ± 9.03 days vs. NHB: 9.24 ± 20.78 days vs. NHA: 9.09 ± 13.28 days vs. H: 8.05 ± 11.45 days, P < 0.001). NHB race was identified as a significant predictor of increased LOS on multivariate regression analysis (risk ratio: 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.46, 1.82; P = 0.001) but not hospital complications (P = 0.345). CONCLUSIONS: Race may significantly impact health care resource utilization following pediatric cervical/thoracic spinal trauma.

Marginal metallic state at a fractional filling of '8/5' and '4/3' of Landau levels in the GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron system.

A metallic state with a vanishing activation gap, at a filling factor [Formula: see text] in the untilted specimen with [Formula: see text], and at [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] under a [Formula: see text] tilted magnetic field, is examined through a microwave photo-excited transport study of the GaAs/AlGaAs 2 dimensional electron system (2DES). The results presented here suggest, remarkably, that at the possible degeneracy point of states with different spin polarization, where the 8/5 or 4/3 FQHE vanish, there occurs a peculiar marginal metallic state that differs qualitatively from a quantum Hall insulating state and the usual quantum Hall metallic state. Such a marginal metallic state occurs most prominently at [Formula: see text], and at [Formula: see text] under tilt as mentioned above, over the interval [Formula: see text], that also includes the [Formula: see text] state, which appears perceptibly gapped in the first instance.

Critical Care for COVID-19 Affected Patients: Updated Position Statement of the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine.

The management of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is witnessing a change as we learn more about the pathophysiology and the severity of the disease. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analysis have been published over the last few months. Several interventions and therapies which showed promise in the initial days of the pandemic have subsequently failed to show benefit in well-designed trials. Understanding of the methods of oxygen delivery and ventilation have also evolved over the past few months. The Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine (ISCCM) has reviewed the evidence that has emerged since the publication of its position statement in May and has put together an addendum of updated evidence. How to cite this article: Mehta Y, Chaudhry D, Abraham OC, Chacko J, Divatia J, Jagiasi B, et al. Critical Care for COVID-19 Affected Patients: Position Statement of the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(Suppl 5):S225-S230.

Critical Care for COVID-19 Affected Patients: Position Statement of the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine.

The global pandemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) has stretched the limits of science. Ever since it emerged from the Wuhan province in China, it has spread across the world and has been fatal to about 4% of the victims. This position statement of the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine represents the collective opinion of the experts chosen by the society. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Mehta Y, Chaudhry D, Abraham OC, Chacko J, Divatia J, Jagiasi B, et al. Critical Care for COVID-19 Affected Patients: Position Statement of the Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(4):222-241.

Study of narrow negative magnetoresistance effect in ultra-high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs 2DES under microwave photo-excitation.

The microwave-induced change in the narrow negative magnetoresistance effect that appears around zero magnetic field in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs 2DES (≈107 cm2/Vs) is experimentally examined as a function of incident microwave power at a fixed bath temperature. The experimental results indicate that the narrow negative magnetoresistance effect exhibits substantially increased broadening with increasing microwave intensity. These magnetoresistance data were subjected to lineshape fits to extract possible variation of characteristic lengths with microwave intensity; the results suggest that characteristic lengths decrease by up to 50% upon increasing microwave power up to about 8 mW. We also examine the change in effective electron temperature, Te, due to the photo-excitation in the absence of a magnetic field. Combining these results suggests a correlation between electron heating and the observed change in the fit extracted characteristic lengths.

Evaluation of Epidemiologic Factors, Radiographic Features, and Pathologic Findings for Predicting Peritumoral Brain Edema in Meningiomas.

BACKGROUND: Despite several treatment options that are available for meningiomas, surgery is the only method currently practiced. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in meningiomas causes difficulty marginalizing the dissection in an intraoperative setting. PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the epidemiological variables, imaging characteristics, and pathologic parameters are correlated with the presence of PTBE in meningiomas. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective study from 2015 to 2018. SUBJECTS: In all, 550 patients with histopathologically confirmed meningioma were included. After exclusion of patients with extradural, spinal, and intraventricular meningiomas and those with image artifacts, a total of 441 patients were included in the final analysis. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Images were performed with 3T MR scanners and axial/sagittal T1 WI, axial/coronal T2 WI and axial/sagittal/coronal contrast-enhanced T1 WI after administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight of Gd-DTPA. ASSESSMENT: Fourteen variables were patients' age, sex, skull changes, calcification, density, location, margin, volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft, signal intensity (SI) on T2 WI, degree and pattern of contrast enhancement, WHO histological classification, and Ki-67 labeling index. STATISTICAL TESTS: The relationship between each factor and the formation of PTBE was examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: After multivariate logistic regression, the absence of CSF cleft (odds ratio [OR]: 63.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.24-121.42, P = 1.2 × 10-8 ), non-skull base location (OR: 15.32, 95% CI: 5.81-28.23, P = 0.0008), high SI on T2 WI (OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.27-14.88, P = 0.01), and G I uncommon subtypes (OR: 4.75, 95% CI: 1.42-15.94, P = 0.01) were found to be significant independent factors associated with the occurrence of PTBE in meningiomas. In patients with PTBE-positive meningiomas, there was no significant correlation between the volume of PTBE and the volume of the tumor (r = 0.17, P = 0.60). DATA CONCLUSION: These factors may be suggestive of anticipating the formation of PTBE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:174-182.

Radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in monolayer and bilayer graphene.

We examine the characteristics of the microwave/mm-wave/terahertz radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in monolayer and bilayer graphene and report that the oscillation frequency of the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in the massless, linearly dispersed monolayer graphene system should depend strongly both on the Fermi energy, and the radiation frequency, unlike in the case of the massive, parabolic, GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron system, where the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillation frequency depends mainly on the radiation frequency. This possible dependence of the magnetoresistance oscillation frequency on the Fermi level at a fixed radiation frequency also suggests a sensitivity to the gate voltage in gated graphene, which suggests an in-situ tunable photo-excitation response in monolayer graphene that could be useful for sensing applications. In sharp contrast to monolayer graphene, bilayer graphene is expected to show radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations more similar to the results observed in the GaAs/AlGaAs 2D system. Such expectations for the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations are presented here to guide future experimental studies in both of these modern atomic layer material systems.

Cyclotron resonance in the high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron system over the microwave, mm-wave, and terahertz- bands.

The reflected microwave power from the photo-excited high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs 2D device has been measured over the wide frequency band spanning from 30 to 330 GHz simultaneously along with diagonal magnetoresistance as a function of the magnetic field. Easily distinguishable resonances in the reflected power signal are observed at the same magnetic fields as a reduced amplitude in the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations of the diagonal magnetoresistance. The reflection resonances with concurrent amplitude reduction in SdH oscillations are correlated with cyclotron resonance induced by microwave, mm-wave, and terahertz photoexcitation. The magnetoplasma effect was also investigated. The results suggest a finite frequency zero-magnetic-field intercept, providing an estimate for the plasma frequency. The experimentally measured plasma frequency appears to be somewhat lower than the estimated plasma frequency for these Hall bars. The results, in sum, are consistent with an effective mass ratio of m*/m = 0.067, the standard value, even in these high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs devices, at very large filling factors. Preliminary findings from this article have been published as conference proceedings, see Kriisa, A., et al., J. of Phys. Conf. Ser. 864, 012057 (2017).

Non-linear adaptive three-dimensional imaging with interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH).

Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is an incoherent digital holography technique for imaging 3D objects without two-wave interference. In I-COACH, the object beam is modulated by a pseudorandom coded phase mask (CPM) and propagates to the camera where its intensity pattern is recorded. The image of the object is reconstructed by a cross-correlation of the object intensity pattern with a point intensity response of the system, whereas the light from both the object and the point, are modulated by the same CPM. In order to recover the image of the object without bias level and background noise, multiple intensity recordings are necessary for both objects as well as the point object, which in turn significantly reduces the time resolution of imaging. In this study, a non-linear reconstruction technique is developed to reconstruct the image of the object with only a single camera shot. Furthermore, the proposed technique is adaptive to different experimental conditions in the sense of finding different optimal parameters for each experiment. The new method has been implemented on a regular I-COACH system in both transmission as well as reflection illumination modes.