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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(5): 2338-45, 2015 Nov 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26545696

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: A high sodium intake is an independent risk factor for Cardiovascular diseases -CVD-. Thus, a strategy to reduce blood pressure and CVD risk throughout reducing sodium intake is promoted worldwide. In order to design an adequate strategy, it is important to identify the main sources of sodium in food, which has been evaluated mainly in developed countries. OBJECTIVES: to identify foods that provide sodium in Colombians diet, based on data from the National Nutritional Survey -ENSIN-. Furthermore, to determine sodium amount intake from foods. METHODS: data obtained by 24 hours recall (R24h) from 39 413 apparently healthy, non-pregnant population between 2-64 y old population were analyzed. Food groups source of sodium and sodium were determined. RESULTS: 1 274 food were reported by R24h. 95 foods contributed with 72% of total sodium from foods and were divided into 12 groups. The mayor sodium source in the diet was bakery products (30.5%). Average and median sodium intake without salt addition were: 816.4 ± 474.1 and 721.0 mg/d variable (RQ = 476.0 to 1051.0)mg/d, respectively. Sodium intake from food was higher in men (784.0 mg/d; RQ = 511.0 to 1156.0) than in females (665.0 mg/d; RQ = 448.0 to 953.0); p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: the present study identified the main sources of sodium in Colombians diet. Based on this analysis it is important to prioritize strategies in some groups, especially bakery products. It is also necessary to consider geographical area to implement a relevant strategy.


La ingesta elevada de sodio es un factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares ­ECV­. Por este motivo, a nivel global se promueve la implementación de la "reducción de la ingesta de sal/sodio como estrategia para la reducción de las ECV". Para tal fin es importante identificar las fuentes de sodio en la dieta, lo cual hasta la fecha solo se ha realizado, fundamentalmente, en países desarrollados. Objetivos: identificar los alimentos que más sodio aportan a la dieta de los colombianos, basados en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional ­ENSIN­ de Colombia. Además, se pretende determinar el nivel de ingesta de sodio proveniente de alimentos en el país. Métodos: se analizaron datos de 39.413 individuos aparentemente sanos, no gestantes, entre los 2 y los 64 años de edad, obtenidos mediante R24h en la ENSIN. Se determinaron los grupos de alimentos que suponen una fuente de sodio, así como el sodio ingerido a partir de dichos alimentos. Resultados: se reportaron 1.274 alimentos y la agrupación de alimentos se realizó con un total de 95, los cuales aportaron un 72% del sodio total proveniente de los alimentos. Estos últimos se dividieron en 12 grupos. Dentro de estos, el de mayor aporte de sodio a la dieta fue el de productos de panadería (30,5%). El promedio de ingesta de sodio por persona proveniente del total de alimentos, sin adición de sal, fue 816,4 ± 474,1 mg/d. La mediana de la misma variable a nivel nacional fue de 721,0 mg/d (RQ = 476,0-1051,0). La ingesta fue mayor en hombres (784,0 mg/d; RQ = 511,0-1156,0) que en mujeres (665,0 mg/d; RQ = 448,0-953,0); p < 0,001. Conclusión: el presente trabajo identificó las principales fuentes de sodio en la dieta de los colombianos y sugiere la conveniencia de priorizar estrategias para la disminución del contenido de sodio en estos grupos, en especial el grupo de productos de panadería. Igualmente, es necesario tener en cuenta la pertinencia de las estrategias según zona geográfica a la cual estén destinadas.


Assuntos
Análise de Alimentos , Sódio na Dieta/análise , Sódio/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
2.
Iatreia ; 26(1): 34-43, ene. 2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-667776

RESUMO

Introducción: las intervenciones con ejercicio físico y orientación nutricional muestran cambios en el exceso de peso en jóvenes con el síndrome metabólico (SM); sin embargo, sus características y resultados son diversos.Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una intervención con ejercicio físico y orientación nutricional sobre componentes del SM en jóvenes con exceso de peso.Materiales y métodos: estudio longitudinal con una evaluación antes y otra después, en nueve jóvenes entre 11 y 17 años. Se evaluaron aspectos antropométricos, frecuencia cardíaca en reposo (FCR), consumo pico de oxígeno (VO2pico), insulinemia, resistencia a la insulina (HOMA) y componentes de SM. La intervención consistió en 12 semanas de ejercicio supervisado, tres sesiones/semana de 90 minutos (aeróbico y de fuerza), más dos sesiones no supervisadas; el suministro semanal de frutas y verduras para cubrir las cinco porciones diarias recomendadas y educación nutricional individual y colectiva.Resultados: luego de la intervención disminuyeron la circunferencia de la cintura de 90,5 ± 11,0 a 88,1 ± 9,9 cm; el IMC de 30,2 ± 5,8 a 29,3 ± 5,6 kg/m2; la grasa corporal total de 39,8 ± 13,0 a 34,3 ± 9,0%; la glucemia de 86,0 ± 8,6 a 83,1 ± 5,0 mg/dL; la insulinemia de 23,2 ± 9,8 a 19,4 ± 7,6 µU/mL; el HOMA-IR de 2,89 ± 1,21 a 2,39 ± 0,93; la FCR de 87,9 ± 4,3 a 78,2 ± 5,5 bpm y aumentó el VO2pico de 36,3 ± 5,1 a 38,5 ± 4,1 mL/kg/min; de seis jóvenes con diagnóstico de SM al inicio, cuatro no lo presentaron al final.Conclusiones: participar en un programa de ejercicio y aumentar el consumo de frutas y verduras en los jóvenes con exceso de peso y componentes del SM generó modificaciones positivas en la composición corporal, el VO2pico, la FCR y la glucemia así como en los componentes y prevalencia del SM.


Introduction: Interventions with physical exercise and nutritional guidance show changes in overweight among young people suffering from the metabolic syndrome (MS); nevertheless, their characteristics and results vary.Objective: To assess the effect of an intervention with physical exercise and nutritional guidance on components of the MS among overweighted young people.Materials and methods: Longitudinal study with an assessment before and another after the intervention in nine young people aged 11 to 17 years. Anthropometric aspects, resting heart rate, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), insulinemia, HOMA, and components of the MS were assessed. Intervention consisted of 12 weeks of supervised exercise, three 90-minute sessions/week (aerobic and strength), plus two unsupervised sessions; the weekly supply of fruits and vegetables in order to cover the five recommended daily servings, and individual and group nutrition education.Results: With the intervention waist circumference decreased from 90.5 ± 11.0 to 88.1 ± 9.9 cm; BMI from 30.2 ± 5.8 to 29.3 ± 5.6 kg/m2; total body fat from 39.8 ± 13.0 to 34.3 ± 9.0%; glycemia from 86.0 ± 8.6 to 83.1 ± 5.0 mg/dL; insulinemia from 23.2 ± 9.8 to 19.4 ± 7.6 µU/mL; HOMA-IR from 2.89 ± 1.21 to 2.39 ± 0.93; resting heart rate from 87.9 ± 4.3 to 78.2 ± 5.5 rpm, and VO2peak increased from 36.3 ± 5.1 to 38.5 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min. Four out of six young people with the diagnosis of MS at the beginning of the study did not present it at the end.Conclusions: Participating in an exercise program and increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables among overweighted young people with components of the MS produced positive modifications in body composition, VO2peak, resting heart rate, and glycemia, as well as in the components and prevalence of the MS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Exercício Físico , Sobrepeso , Síndrome Metabólica
3.
Biomedica ; 32(1): 77-91, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23235790

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The environmental risk factors such as food intake and physival activity, are determinants in the etiology of metabolic syndrome in overweight adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between environmental risk factors and components presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight youngsters in Medellín. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18 were selected for a cross sectional study. Body composition by anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, food intake and physical activity level were assessed in the study population. RESULTS: The prevalence for metabolic syndrome components of hypertriglyceridemia was 40.9%; hypertension, 20.9%; low HDLc, 15.6%; high waist circumference, 4.0%, and hyperglycemia, 0.9%; the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.1%. There was a statistical difference (p<0.005) between the consumption of calories, simple and total carbohydrates and the presence of the components; no association was found between the level of physical activity and the presence of components (p>0.05). The logistic regression model showed a higher probability of having at least one component if the youngster was male (p=0.022), with a higher BMI (Body Mass Index)(p=0.019) and was located in the fourth simple carbohydrates consumption quartile (p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Environmental risk factors associated with components of metabolic syndrome were the increased consumption of calories, simple and complex carbohydrates, all directly related to the BMI. In contrast, the level of physical activity, family history and personal risk factors showed no association. The metabolic syndrome only occurred in youngsters with obesity.


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Antropometria , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Carboidratos da Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Atividades de Lazer , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Atividade Motora , Sobrepeso/sangue , Fatores de Risco , População Urbana
4.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 31(1): 68-73, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22427167

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Compare the nutritional origin of anemia by sociodemographic variables and analyze its association with deficient hematopoietic nutrient intake. METHODS: The database of Colombia's 2005 National Survey of Nutritional Status was used. The data were obtained through complex representative sampling of the population and processed using SPSS v.15. Anemic women of childbearing age were selected and divided into two groups according to serum ferritin levels. Their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake and risk of deficiency were determined. The proportions of anemia types were compared by sociodemographic variables using the F-distribution, the Rao-Scott second order correction (P < 0.05). The association between the origin of the anemia and classification of the nutrient was analyzed using the odds ratio (OR). SAMPLE: 595 women. Non-hypoferric anemia (67.2%) predominated, with no statistical difference by sociodemographic variable, except in the Pacific region (hypoferric anemia, 52.1%). The prevalence of deficiency in the customary intake of hematopoietic nutrients was high. There was no significant association between the deficit in consumption and the origin of the anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Non-hypoferric anemia was most common, with no difference by sociodemographic indicators except in the Pacific region. All the women were at high risk of deficiency in their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake, but a statistically significant association between the deficiency and the origin of the nutritional anemia was not observed. Programs to improve nutrient intake and a continued search for causes of nutritional anemia other than iron deficiency are justified.


Assuntos
Anemia/epidemiologia , Dieta , Desnutrição/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/sangue , Anemia/classificação , Anemia/etiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Deficiência de Vitaminas/epidemiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Registros de Dieta , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Ferro da Dieta , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Nutritivo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
5.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 32(1): 77-91, ene.-mar. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-639814

RESUMO

Introducción. Factores de riesgo ambientales, como el consumo de alimentos y la actividad física, son determinantes en la etiología del síndrome metabólico y sus componentes en jóvenes con exceso de peso. Objetivo. Explorar la asociación entre factores de riesgo ambientales y presencia de componentes del síndrome metabólico en jóvenes entre 10 y 18 años, con exceso de peso en Medellín. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. En la población de estudio se evaluaron la composición corporal por antropometría, la presión arterial, el perfil lipídico, la glucemia, la insulinemia, la ingestión de alimentos y la actividad física. Resultados. La prevalencia de los componentes del síndrome metabólico fue de 40,9 % para hipertrigliceridemia; 20,9 % para hipertensión; 15,6 % para c-HDL bajas; 4,0 % para circunferencia de cintura alta, y 0,9 % para la hiperglucemia; la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue de 3,1 %. Se encontró diferencia estadística (p<0,005) entre el consumo de kilocalorías, carbohidratos totales y simples, y la presencia de los componentes; no se encontró asociación entre el nivel de actividad física y la presencia de componentes (p>0,05). En el modelo de regresión logística se encontró una mayor probabilidad de tener, al menos, un componente si el joven era de sexo masculino (p=0,022), tenía un mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) (p=0,019) y si se ubicaba en el cuarto cuartil de consumo de carbohidratos simples (p=0,036). Conclusiones. Los factores de riesgo ambientales asociados con los componentes del síndrome metabólico en este estudio fueron el mayor consumo de calorías, carbohidratos complejos y simples, todos relacionados directamente con el IMC; por el contrario, el nivel de actividad física, los antecedentes familiares y los personales no mostraron ninguna asociación. El síndrome metabólico sólo se presentó en jóvenes con obesidad.


Introduction. The environmental risk factors such as food intake and physival activity, are determinants in the etiology of metabolic syndrome in overweight adolescents. Objective. To explore the association between environmental risk factors and components presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight youngsters in Medellín. Materials and methods. Adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18 were selected for a cross sectional study. Body composition by anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, food intake and physical activity level were assessed in the study population. Results. The prevalence for metabolic syndrome components of hypertriglyceridemia was 40.9%; hypertension, 20.9%; low HDLc, 15.6%; high waist circumference, 4.0%, and hyperglycemia, 0.9%; the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.1%. There was a statistical difference (p<0.005) between the consumption of calories, simple and total carbohydrates and the presence of the components; no association was found between the level of physical activity and the presence of components (p>0.05). The logistic regression model showed a higher probability of having at least one component if the youngster was male (p=0.022), with a higher BMI (Body Mass Index)(p=0.019) and was located in the fourth simple carbohydrates consumption quartile (p=0.036). Conclusions. Environmental risk factors associated with components of metabolic syndrome were the increased consumption of calories, simple and complex carbohydrates, all directly related to the BMI. In contrast, the level of physical activity, family history and personal risk factors showed no association. The metabolic syndrome only occurred in youngsters with obesity.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Meio Ambiente , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Antropometria , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Glicemia/análise , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Dieta , Carboidratos da Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Insulina/sangue , Atividades de Lazer , Lipídeos/sangue , Atividade Motora , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Fatores de Risco , População Urbana
6.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 31(1): 68-73, ene. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-618470

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Comparar el origen de la anemia nutricional según las variables sociodemográficas y analizar su asociación con la deficiencia en la ingesta de nutrientes hematopoyéticos. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional de Colombia, 2005. Los datos se obtuvieron por muestreo complejo representativo de la población y se procesaron con el programa SPSS, v.15. Se seleccionaron mujeres en edad fértil con anemia y se clasificaron en dos grupos según la ferritina sérica. Se determinó la ingesta usual de nutrientes hematopoyéticos y el riesgo de deficiencia. Se compararon las proporciones de los tipos de anemia según las variables sociodemográficas utilizando la prueba F de Rao-Scott de segundo orden (P < 0,05). Se analizó la asociación entre el origen de la anemia y la clasificación del nutriente mediante la razón de posibilidades (odds ratio, OR). RESULTADOS: Muestra: 595 mujeres. Predominó la anemia no ferropénica (67,2 por ciento), sin diferencia estadística por variables sociodemográficas, excepto en la región Pacífica (anemia ferropénica, 52,1 por ciento). La prevalencia de la deficiencia en la ingesta usual de nutrientes hematopoyéticos fue alta. No se encontró asociación significativa entre el déficit de consumo y el origen de la anemia. CONCLUSIONES: La anemia no ferropénica fue más frecuente, sin diferencia según los indicadores sociodemográficos excepto en la región Pacífica. Todas las mujeres presentaron alto riesgo de deficiencia en la ingesta usual de nutrientes hematopoyéticos, pero no se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la deficiencia y el origen de la anemia nutricional. Se justifica implementar programas orientados a mejorar el aporte de nutrientes y continuar la búsqueda de otras causas de la anemia nutricional diferentes a la deficiencia de hierro.


OBJECTIVES: Compare the nutritional origin of anemia by sociodemographic variables and analyze its association with deficient hematopoietic nutrient intake. METHODS: The database of Colombia's 2005 National Survey of Nutritional Status was used. The data were obtained through complex representative sampling of the population and processed using SPSS v.15. Anemic women of childbearing age were selected and divided into two groups according to serum ferritin levels. Their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake and risk of deficiency were determined. The proportions of anemia types were compared by sociodemographic variables using the F-distribution, the Rao-Scott second order correction (P < 0.05). The association between the origin of the anemia and classification of the nutrient was analyzed using the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Sample: 595 women. Non-hypoferric anemia (67.2 percent) predominated, with no statistical difference by sociodemographic variable, except in the Pacific region (hypoferric anemia, 52.1 percent). The prevalence of deficiency in the customary intake of hematopoietic nutrients was high. There was no significant association between the deficit in consumption and the origin of the anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Non-hypoferric anemia was most common, with no difference by sociodemographic indicators except in the Pacific region. All the women were at high risk of deficiency in their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake, but a statistically significant association between the deficiency and the origin of the nutritional anemia was not observed. Programs to improve nutrient intake and a continued search for causes of nutritional anemia other than iron deficiency are justified.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anemia/epidemiologia , Dieta , Desnutrição/complicações , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Anemia/sangue , Anemia/classificação , Anemia/etiologia , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Deficiência de Vitaminas/epidemiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Registros de Dieta , Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Ferro da Dieta , Valor Nutritivo , Fatores Socioeconômicos
7.
Biomedica ; 25(2): 211-9, 2005 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16022376

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Iron and folic acid deficiencies are the major causes of health problems among pregnant women and children, with a significant negative impact on economic and social development. OBJECTIVE: From April 2002 to April 2003 at the Gilberto Mejía Mejía Hospital (Rionegro, Antioquia), the prenatal program was assessed for its impact on a cohort of pregnant women concerning knowledge of the following nutritional parameters: iron and folic acid functions, their source foods and bioavailability, supplement intake and tolerance, and globular indexes. METHODS: A sample of 42 pregnant women was subjected to a nutritional education program along with the administration of a supplement consisting of 60 mg elemental iron, 400 microg folic acid, and 70 mg vitamin C. This formulation was prepared specifically for the study by Laboratorio Profesional Farmacéutico, LAPROFF. The effect of the educational program was measured by knowledge changes about how patient behaviours affect nutrient bioavailability via source foods intake, as well as recognition of the tolerance limits of supplements and potential effect of non-adherance. The physiological status of each patient was measured by three hematologic variables--hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin. RESULTS: A positive understanding of how to improve nutritional practices was observed. With the supplements, 94.4% of women did not show anaemia at the end of pregnancy. These results agree with those in other, similar populations and indicate that implementation of prenatal control programs by educational and supplement administration is worthwhile.


Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez
8.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 25(2): 211-219, jun. 2005. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-421532

RESUMO

Introducción. Las deficiencias de hierro y ácido fólico son la causa de graves problemas de salud en la mujer gestante y en el niño, con implicaciones negativas para el desarrollo económico y social de los países.Objetivos. Evaluar los cambios de conocimientos sobre funciones, alimentos fuentes y biodisponibilidad del hierro y folatos, el consumo y la tolerancia de un suplemento y el comportamiento de los índices globulares en gestantes del programa prenatal de la Empresa Social del Estado Hospital Gilberto Mejía Mejía de Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia, entre abril de 2002 y abril de 2003.Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental en una muestra de 42 madres, seleccionada por conveniencia, con una confianza del 95 por ciento. La intervención fue un programa de educación nutricional y el suministro de un suplemento con 60 mg de hierro elemental, 400 µg de ácido fólico y 70 mg de vitamina C, elaborado para la investigación por el Laboratorio Profesional Farmacéutico, LAPROFF. El efecto de la intervención se midió en los cambios de conocimientos relacionados con las prácticas que modifican la biodisponibilidad y el consumo de alimentos fuentes de estos nutrientes, en la tolerancia y la adherencia al suplemento y en la modificación de variables hematológicas: hemoglobina, hematocrito y ferritina. Resultados. Hubo cambios positivos de conocimientos sobre cómo mejorar las prácticas alimentarias y la ingestión del suplemento; el 94,4 por ciento de las participantes no presentó anemia al finalizar la gestación. Conclusión. Estos resultados concuerdan con otros provenientes de poblaciones similares; se justifica implementar esta estrategia integrada en los programas de control prenatal de Colombia


Assuntos
Gravidez , Anemias Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Avaliação Nutricional , Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico , Avaliação Educacional , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico
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