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OBJECTIVES: HIV scholars and practitioners have worked to expand strategies for prevention among marginalised populations who are disproportionately impacted by the epidemic, such as racial minority men who have sex with men (MSM). Given this urgency, the objective of this study was to assess interest in biomedical prevention strategies. METHODS: This exploratory and cross-sectional study investigated interest in four biomedical prevention tools-rectal douche, dissolvable implant, removable implant and injection-among a racially diverse sample of MSM from the Northeast Corridor region between Philadelphia and Trenton. Data were collected as part of screening for Connecting Latinos en Pareja, a couples-based HIV prevention intervention for Latino MSM and their partners. RESULTS: A total of 381 individuals participated in the screener and provided information about their interest in bio tools. Approximately 26% of participants identified as black, 28% as white and 42% as 'other' or multiracial; 49% identified as Latino. Majority (54%) reported some form of child sexual abuse. Of the participants who reported being in a primary relationship (n=217), two-thirds reported unprotected anal sex within that relationship over the past 90 days (n=138, 64%) and approximately half (n=117, 54%) reported unprotected anal sex outside of the relationship in this period. Majority of participants reported interest in all bio tools assessed, including dissolvable implants (60%), removable implants (64%), rectal douching (79%) and injection (79%). Although interest in bio tools was broadly unassociated with demographics and sexual risk behaviours, analyses revealed significant associations between reports of child sexual abuse and interest in implant and injection methods. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend investing in these prevention methods, particularly rectal douching and injection, as a means of preventing HIV among racial minority MSM. Given the interest in biomedical prevention tools, future studies should explore potential strategies for adherence.
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Infecções por HIV , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Homossexualidade Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Irrigação TerapêuticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the HOLA en Grupos intervention, a Spanish-language small-group behavioral HIV prevention intervention designed to increase condom use and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. METHODS: In 2012 to 2015, we recruited and randomized 304 Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men, aged 18 to 55 years in North Carolina, to the 4-session HOLA en Grupos intervention or an attention-equivalent general health education comparison intervention. Participants completed structured assessments at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Follow-up retention was 100%. RESULTS: At follow-up, relative to comparison participants, HOLA en Grupos participants reported increased consistent condom use during the past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 7.9; P < .001) and HIV testing during the past 6 months (AOR = 13.8; 95% CI = 7.6, 25.3; P < .001). HOLA en Grupos participants also reported increased knowledge of HIV (P < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (P < .001); condom use skills (P < .001), self-efficacy (P < .001), expectancies (P < .001), and intentions (P < .001); sexual communication skills (P < .01); and decreased fatalism (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The HOLA en Grupos intervention is efficacious for reducing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men.
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Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Adolescente , Adulto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade/métodos , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Promoção da Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , North Carolina , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
The goal of this study was to gain insight on the sexual health needs of men who have sex with men (MSM) who use GPS-based social and sexual networking mobile applications (apps) and the future utility of app-based interventions. A health educator promoted HIV-testing resources in four popular apps used by MSM. Content analysis was used to identify salient themes that emerged from the conversations. Four major themes were identified: (1) soliciting sexual encounters, (2) relationship building, (3) HIV and STI-testing inquiries, and (4) seeking other sexual health information. The results suggest the intervention's social media-based strategy, respect for community culture, and unobtrusive approach was advantageous in establishing credibility and rapport with app users. These results highlight a need for convenient and discreet methods to access accurate sexual health information and suggest that apps provide an alternative, non-traditional venue for sexual health education in addition to HIV testing promotion.
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Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Aplicativos Móveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Parceiros Sexuais , Rede Social , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Saúde Reprodutiva , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
Background. Little is known about the role of discrimination on depression among Latino sexual and gender identity minorities. This manuscript examined the relationship between ethnic/racial discrimination and sexual discrimination on clinically significant depressive symptoms among Latino sexual minority men (i.e., gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men) and Latina transgender women. Methods. A community-based participatory research partnership recruited participants (N = 186; 80.6% cisgender men) in North Carolina to a social network-based HIV intervention. Using baseline data, we quantified the amount of perceived discrimination and conducted mixed-effects logistic regression analyses to examine correlates of clinically significant depressive symptoms. Results. A high percentage of participants reported ethnic/racial discrimination (73.7%) and sexual discrimination (53.8%). In the multivariable models, ethnic/racial discrimination, sexual discrimination, masculinity, fatalism, and social support were significantly associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Discussion. Improving mental health requires multilevel interventions that address pertinent individual, interpersonal, and system level factors.
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Sexual and gender identity minorities in Guatemala are disproportionally affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, little is known about the health determinants among these minorities that contribute to infection risk. Health researchers from the United States and Guatemala sought to explore sexual health needs and identify characteristics of HIV/STI prevention programs for these minorities.Our partnership conducted 8 focus groups with gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men, and transgender women; and 10 in-depth interviews with community leaders. We analyzed transcripts of the focus groups and in-depth interviews using constant comparison.We identified 24 factors that influence sexual health which we organized into 5 ecological domains and 16 characteristics of potentially successful programs to reduce HIV/STI risk.The identification of sexual risk factors and characteristics of potentially successful programs offers great potential to develop interventions to help reduce the risk of HIV/STI infection among these minorities in Guatemala.
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BACKGROUND: Research indicates that fear of immigration enforcement among Latinos in North Carolina results in limited access to and utilization of health services and negative health consequences. This project developed recommendations to mitigate the public health impact of immigration enforcement policies in North Carolina. METHODS: Our community-based participatory research partnership conducted 6 Spanish-language report-backs (an approach to sharing, validating, and interpreting data) and 3 bilingual forums with community members and public health leaders throughout North Carolina. The goals of these events were to discuss the impact of immigration enforcement on Latino health and develop recommendations to increase health services access and utilization. Findings from the report-backs and forums were analyzed using grounded theory to identify and refine common recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 344 people participated in the report-backs and forums. Eight recommendations emerged: increase knowledge among Latinos about local health services; build capacity to promote policy changes; implement system-level changes among organizations providing health services; train lay health advisors to help community members navigate systems; share Latinos' experiences with policy makers; reduce transportation barriers; increase schools' support of Latino families; and increase collaboration among community members, organizations, health care providers, and academic researchers. LIMITATIONS: Representatives from 16 of 100 North Carolina counties participated. These 16 counties represent geographically diverse regions, and many of these counties have large Latino populations. CONCLUSIONS: Immigration enforcement is a public health issue. Participants proposed developing new partnerships, identifying strategies, and implementing action steps for carrying out recommendations to reduce negative health outcomes among Latinos in North Carolina.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino , Aplicação da Lei , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , North Carolina , Política PúblicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The southeastern United States has the fastest-growing Hispanic/Latino population in the country and carries a disproportionate HIV burden. Among Hispanics/Latinos, men, and men who have sex with men (MSM) in particular, are at elevated risk of HIV infection; however, very few efficacious behavioral HIV prevention interventions are available for use with this vulnerable population. To address this shortage of prevention resources, our community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership developed and is currently evaluating the efficacy of the HOLA en Grupos intervention to increase condom use and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino MSM. METHODS: We recruited 304 Hispanic/Latino MSM who were randomized to receive the small group HOLA en Grupos intervention that was implemented during four 4-hour long sessions over four consecutive Sundays, or a 4-session small group general health education comparison intervention. At the end of the fourth session of the HOLA en Grupos intervention, the intervention facilitators asked participants to write down the sexual health-related behaviors they intended to change as a result of their participation. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis of the participants' responses identified six types of intended behavior changes: increasing and maintaining condom use; identifying strategies to support correct and consistent condom use; increasing communication and negotiation with sexual partners about condom use; getting tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; applying other sexual health promotion strategies; and sharing newly learned sexual health information with their peers. CONCLUSION: Most risk-reduction intentions aligned with the intervention's key messages of using condoms consistently and getting tested for HIV. However, participants' stated intentions may have also depended on which behavior changes they perceived as most salient after participating in the intervention. Participants' intentions to share information with their peers may result in elements of the intervention content reaching others within their social networks, and potentially contributing to a broader community-level impact.
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Estimates suggest that only about 30% of all individuals living with HIV in the U.S. have achieved viral suppression. Men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly racial/ethnic minority young MSM, are at increased risk for HIV infection and may have even lower viral suppression rates. HIV testing rates among MSM are low, and when tested, racial/ethnic minority young MSM have disproportionately lower rates of retention in care and viral suppression compared to other subgroups. This article describes the design and development of weCare, our social media-based intervention to improve care linkage and retention and health outcomes among racially and ethnically diverse MSM, ages 13-34, living with HIV that will be implemented and evaluated beginning in late 2016. The intervention harnesses established social media that MSM between these ages commonly use, including Facebook, text messaging, and established GPS-based mobile applications (apps). We are using community-based participatory research (CBPR) to enhance the quality and validity of weCare, equitably involving community members, organization representatives, healthcare providers, clinic staff, and academic researchers.
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Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , Homossexualidade Masculina/etnologia , Homossexualidade Masculina/psicologia , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Etnicidade/psicologia , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Serviços de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/etnologia , Humanos , Masculino , Grupos Minoritários , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Latina women in the United States are disproportionately affected by negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Our community-based participatory research partnership conducted in-depth interviews exploring sexual and reproductive health needs and priorities with 25 Latinas in North Carolina and identified themes through constant comparison, a grounded theory development approach. Participants described individual-, interpersonal-, and clinic-level factors affecting their sexual and reproductive health as well as potentially successful intervention characteristics. Our findings can be used to inform culturally congruent interventions to reduce sexual and reproductive health disparities among Latinas, particularly in new settlement states in the southeastern United States.
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Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Prioridades em Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino , Saúde Reprodutiva/etnologia , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Feminino , Teoria Fundamentada , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades , North Carolina , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etnologia , Apoio Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accountability for Cancer Care through Undoing Racism™ and Equity (ACCURE) is a systems-change intervention addressing disparities in treatment initiation and completion and outcomes for early stage Black and White breast and lung cancer patients. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, ACCURE is guided by a diverse partnership involving academic researchers, a nonprofit community-based organization, its affiliated broader based community coalition, and providers and staff from two cancer centers. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the collaborative process our partnership used to conduct focus groups and to code and analyze the data to inform two components of the ACCURE intervention: 1) a "power analysis" of the cancer care system and 2) the development of the intervention's training component, Healthcare Equity Education and Training (HEET), for cancer center providers and staff. METHODS: Using active involvement of community and academic partners at every stage in the process, we engaged Black and White breast and lung cancer survivors at two partner cancer centers in eight focus group discussions organized by race and cancer type. Participants were asked to describe "pressure point encounters" or critical incidents during their journey through the cancer system that facilitated or hindered their willingness to continue treatment. Community and academic members collaborated to plan and develop materials, conduct focus groups, and code and analyze data. CONCLUSIONS: A collaborative qualitative data analysis process strengthened the capacity of our community-medical-academic partnership, enriched our research moving forward, and enhanced the transparency and accountability of our research approach.
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Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade/métodos , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The use of websites and GPS-based mobile applications ("apps") designed for social and sexual networking has been associated with increased HIV risk; however, little is known about Latino sexual minorities' and transgender persons' use of these websites and apps and the risk profiles of those who use them compared with those who do not. Data from 167 participants who completed the baseline survey of a community-level HIV prevention intervention, which harnesses the social networks of Latino sexual minorities and transgender persons, were analyzed. One quarter of participants (28.74%, n = 48) reported using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking, and 119 (71.26%) reported not using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking. Those who used websites or apps were younger and reported more male sex partners, a sexually transmitted disease diagnosis, and illicit drug use other than marijuana. HIV prevention interventions for those who use websites or apps should consider addressing these risks for HIV.
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Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Aplicativos Móveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Assunção de Riscos , Sexualidade , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas Transgênero , Adulto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , México/etnologia , Grupos Minoritários , North Carolina , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Parceiros Sexuais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etnologia , Rede Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Little is known about the sustainability of male- and men's health-focused lay health advisors. HoMBReS Por un Cambio was a community-level social network intervention designed to improve sexual health among Latino men who were members of soccer teams. During the year after the intervention implementation, lay health advisors (Navegantes) continued to promote sexual health; over 84% (16 of the 19) Navegantes conducted 9 of 10 primary health promotion activities. Describing where to get condoms was the activity that the most Navegantes reported having conducted. Navegantes had broad reach with their social networks, although the number of Navegantes that conducted each activity differed across the categories of social network members (soccer teammates, nonteammates, and women). Results suggest that HIV-related health disparities may be addressed through lay health advisor interventions because they are sustained after the intervention ends and reach large numbers of community members.
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Participação da Comunidade , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Apoio Social , Adulto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Heterossexualidade , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde do Homem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Reprodutiva , Características de Residência , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , FutebolRESUMO
Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, no efficacious behavioral HIV/STD prevention interventions are currently available for use with this vulnerable population. We describe the enhancement of HOLA en Grupos, a community-based behavioral HIV/STD prevention intervention for Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latino MSM that is currently being implemented and evaluated in North Carolina with support from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Our intervention enhancement process included incorporating local data on risks and context; identifying community needs and priorities; defining intervention core elements and key characteristics; developing a logic model; developing an intervention logo; enhancing intervention activities and materials; scripting intervention delivery; expanding the comparison intervention; and establishing a materials review committee. If the CDC-sponsored evaluation determines that HOLA en Grupos is efficacious, it will be the first such behavioral HIV/STD prevention intervention to be identified for potential use with Hispanic/Latino MSM, thereby contributing to the body of evidence-based resources that may be used for preventing HIV/STD infection among these MSM and their sex partners.
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Participação da Comunidade , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Hispânico ou Latino , Homossexualidade Masculina/etnologia , Desenvolvimento de Programas/métodos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Comportamento Cooperativo , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Masculino , North Carolina , Vigilância da População , Projetos de Pesquisa , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etnologia , Estados Unidos , UniversidadesRESUMO
Little is known about the immigrant Latino/a transgender community in the southeastern United States. This study used photovoice, a methodology aligned with community-based participatory research, to explore needs, assets, and priorities of Latina transgender women in North Carolina. Nine immigrant Latina male-to-female transgender women documented their daily experiences through photography, engaged in empowerment-based photo-discussions, and organized a bilingual community forum to move knowledge to action. From the participants' photographs and words, 11 themes emerged in three domains: daily challenges (e.g., health risks, uncertainty about the future, discrimination, and anxiety about family reactions); needs and priorities (e.g., health and social services, emotional support, and collective action); and community strengths and assets (e.g., supportive individuals and institutions, wisdom through lived experiences, and personal and professional goals). At the community forum, 60 influential advocates, including Latina transgender women, representatives from community-based organizations, health and social service providers, and law enforcement, reviewed findings and identified ten recommended actions. Overall, photovoice served to obtain rich qualitative insight into the lived experiences of Latina transgender women that was then shared with local leaders and agencies to help address priorities.
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OBJECTIVES: We sought to understand how local immigration enforcement policies affect the utilization of health services among immigrant Hispanics/Latinos in North Carolina. METHODS: In 2012, we analyzed vital records data to determine whether local implementation of section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act and the Secure Communities program, which authorizes local law enforcement agencies to enforce federal immigration laws, affected the prenatal care utilization of Hispanics/Latinas. We also conducted 6 focus groups and 17 interviews with Hispanic/Latino persons across North Carolina to explore the impact of immigration policies on their utilization of health services. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in utilization of prenatal care before and after implementation of section 287(g), but we did find that, in individual-level analysis, Hispanic/Latina mothers sought prenatal care later and had inadequate care when compared with non-Hispanic/Latina mothers. Participants reported profound mistrust of health services, avoiding health services, and sacrificing their health and the health of their family members. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of immigration enforcement policies is generalized across counties. Interventions are needed to increase immigrant Hispanics/Latinos' understanding of their rights and eligibility to utilize health services. Policy-level initiatives are also needed (e.g., driver's licenses) to help undocumented persons access and utilize these services.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Aplicação da Lei , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/legislação & jurisprudência , Emigração e Imigração/legislação & jurisprudência , Grupos Focais , Nível de Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , North Carolina/epidemiologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Política Pública , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The HOLA intervention was a lay health advisor intervention designed to reduce the disproportionate HIV burden borne by Latino sexual and gender identity minorities (gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, and transgender persons) living in the United States. Process evaluation data were collected for over a year of intervention implementation from 11 trained Latino male and transgender lay health advisors (Navegantes) to document the activities each Navegante conducted to promote condom use and HIV testing among his or her eight social network members enrolled in the study. Over 13 months, the Navegantes reported conducting 1,820 activities. The most common activity was condom distribution. Navegantes had extensive reach beyond their enrolled social network members, and they engaged in health promotion activities beyond social network members enrolled in the study. There were significant differences between the types of activities conducted by Navegantes depending on who was present. Results suggest that lay health advisor interventions reach large number of at-risk community members and may benefit populations disproportionately affected by HIV.
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Identidade de Gênero , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Saúde Reprodutiva/etnologia , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Apoio Social , Bissexualidade/etnologia , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino/educação , Homossexualidade Masculina/etnologia , Humanos , Masculino , Grupos Minoritários/psicologia , North Carolina , Pessoas TransgêneroRESUMO
Guatemalan gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender persons carry disproportionate burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections compared with other Guatemalan subgroups. However, little is known about the determinants of sexual health to inform health promotion and disease prevention interventions among these sexual minorities. We sought to explore sexual health and HIV risk among Guatemalan sexual minorities, using a community-based participatory research approach. We conducted 8 focus groups (n = 87 participants total) and 10 individual in-depth interviews with gay and bisexual men, MSM, and transgender persons. Using constant comparison, an approach to grounded theory, we analyzed verbatim transcripts and identified 24 themes that we organized into five ecological factors influencing sexual health: intrapersonal (e.g. misconceptions about HIV transmission, low perceived susceptibility and lack of condoms use skills); interpersonal (e.g. family rejection and condom use as a barrier to intimacy); community (e.g. discrimination and stigma); institutional (e.g. limited access to health promotion resources); and public policy (e.g. perceived lack of provider confidentiality and anti-gay rhetoric). There is profound need for multiple-level interventions to ensure that Guatemalan sexual minorities have the knowledge and skills needed to reduce sexual risk. Interventions are warranted to increase social support among sexual minorities, reduce negative perspectives about sexual minorities, develop institutional resources to meet the needs of sexual minorities and reduce harmful anti-gay rhetoric. Understanding and intervening on the identified factors is especially important given that the health of Guatemalan sexual minorities has been to-date neglected.
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Homossexualidade Masculina , Saúde Reprodutiva , Pessoas Transgênero , Adolescente , Adulto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Grupos Focais , Teoria Fundamentada , Guatemala , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Minoritários , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hispanic/Latina women experience the highest cervical cancer incidence rates of any racial/ethnic group in the USA and tend to present with more severe cases and experience higher mortality compared to most other populations. The goals of this qualitative systematic review were to explore existing interventions to increase cervical cancer screening among US Hispanics/Latinas and to identify characteristics of effective interventions and research gaps. Six online databases were searched from their inception through June 30, 2013, using designated search terms and keywords. Peer-reviewed articles that documented an intervention designed to improve screening for cervical cancer among Hispanics/Latinas ages 18 years and older living in the USA were reviewed. Data were abstracted using a standardized form to document intervention characteristics and results. Forty-five articles, describing 32 unique interventions, met inclusion criteria. Identified interventions consisted primarily of educational programs and/or provision of screening. Interventions used lay health advisors (LHAs), clinic-based outreach/delivery strategies, partnerships with churches, and mass media campaigns. Twelve interventions resulted in significant increases in cervical cancer screening rates. Interventions developed utilizing theory, applying community-based participatory research approaches, and using LHAs were identified as having the greatest potential for improving cervical cancer screening among Hispanics/Latinas. There continues to be a need for the development of interventions in geographic areas with new and emerging Hispanic/Latino populations and that are comprehensive, follow participants for longer periods of time, and broaden the roles and build the capacities of LHAs.
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Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etnologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controleRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Little is known about immigrant Latino sexual minorities' health seeking behaviors. This study examined factors associated with perceptions of access and actual care behaviors among this population in North Carolina. METHODS: A community-based participatory research partnership recruited 180 Latino sexual minority men and transgender individuals within preexisting social networks to participate in a sexual health intervention. Mixed-effects logistic regression models and GIS mapping examined factors influencing health care access perceptions and use of services (HIV testing and routine check-ups). RESULTS: Results indicate that perceptions of access and actual care behaviors are low and affected by individual and structural factors, including: years living in NC, reported poor general health, perceptions of discrimination, micro-, meso-, and macro-level barriers, and residence in a Medically Underserved Area. DISCUSSION: To improve Latino sexual minority health, focus must be placed on multiple levels, including: individual characteristics (e.g., demographics), clinic factors (e.g., provider competence and clinic environment), and structural factors (e.g., discrimination).
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Homossexualidade Masculina/etnologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/etnologia , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The burden of HIV is disproportionate for Guatemalan sexual minorities (e.g., gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men [MSM], and transgender persons). Our bi-national partnership used authentic approaches to community-based participatory research (CBPR) to identify characteristics of potentially successful programs to prevent HIV and promote sexual health among Guatemalan sexual minorities. Our partnership conducted Spanish-language focus groups with 87 participants who self-identified as male (n=64) or transgender (n=23) and individual in-depth interviews with ten formal and informal gay community leaders. Using constant comparison, an approach to grounded theory, we identified 20 characteristics of potentially successful programs to reduce HIV risk, including providing guidance on accessing limited resources; offering supportive dialogue around issues of masculinity, socio-cultural expectations, love, and intimacy; using Mayan values and images; harnessing technology; increasing leadership and advocacy skills; and mobilizing social networks. More research is clearly needed, but participants reported needing and wanting programming and had innovative ideas to prevent HIV exposure and transmission.