Unveiling the uncommon: a case report of avascular necrosis in the triquetrum bone without trauma.

Introduction and importance: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a rare occurrence in the carpal region, especially in the triquetrum bone, which presents a diagnostic puzzle due to its infrequency and lack of trauma history. This case study explores the signs, diagnosis, and treatment of AVN in a healthy 22-year-old individual, emphasizing the need for early identification using suitable imaging methods. Case presentation: A 22-year-old patient complained of persistent wrist pain, specifically on the ulnar side, without any history of injury. Clinical examination revealed tenderness without signs of inflammation, with normal sensation and movement. Initial X-ray results were inconclusive, prompting further investigation with MRI, which showed a decrease in signal intensity in the triquetrum bone, leading to the diagnosis of AVN. Clinical discussion: The development of AVN involves compromised blood flow, often due to various factors. While AVN affecting carpal bones is uncommon, the triquetrum bone's robust blood supply typically protects against such conditions. However, this case highlights an exceptional occurrence. Gelberman's classification underscores the triquetrum's vascular nature, explaining why AVN is rare in this bone. MRI plays a crucial role in detecting AVN, especially when symptoms do not align with X-ray findings. Conclusion: Avascular necrosis should be considered in carpal bones, even without a history of trauma, with a focus on MRI for early detection. Although AVN of the triquetrum is rare, this case underscores the importance of timely recognition and conservative management. Further research is necessary to establish optimal treatment strategies for this unusual presentation.

The complexities of treating brain and spinal cord tumors: a review of current approaches.

This article provides an overview of brain and spinal cord tumours, including their types, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Brain and spinal cord tumours are complex and can be caused by various factors. They can be divided into two main categories, primary and metastatic tumours, which present their own unique challenges and complexities when it comes to treatment. Diagnosing brain and spinal cord tumours requires a careful evaluation of the patient's medical history and symptoms, as well as a variety of diagnostic tools and techniques. Treatment approaches include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. The choice of treatment depends on the type and location of the tumour, as well as the patient's individual needs and preferences. Despite advances in treatment, there is a pressing need for further research to improve the effectiveness and safety of these treatments.