RESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple physiological and pathological functions through the modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence has established a role for miRNAs in the development and pathogenesis of liver disease. Specifically, a large number of studies have assessed the role of miRNAs in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), two diseases that share common underlying mechanisms and pathological characteristics. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and update the body of literature investigating the role of miRNAs in liver disease. In addition, the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets is discussed. Among all miRNAs analyzed, miR-34a, miR-122 and miR-155 are most involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Of note, these three miRNAs have also been implicated in ALD, reinforcing a common disease mechanism between these two entities and the pleiotropic effects of specific miRNAs. Currently, no single miRNA or panel of miRNAs has been identified for the detection of, or staging of ALD or NAFLD. While promising results have been shown in murine models, no therapeutic based-miRNA agents have been developed for use in humans with liver disease.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/complicações , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Terapia Genética/métodos , Células Estreladas do Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Estreladas do Fígado/metabolismo , Células Estreladas do Fígado/patologia , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/patologia , Humanos , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/patologia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/terapia , MicroRNAs/análise , MicroRNAs/antagonistas & inibidores , MicroRNAs/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/terapia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Ultraviolet recall or sunburn reactivation is an uncommon phenomenon that has been most frequently reported in patients who suffered sunburns and then subsequently underwent therapy with methotrexate. There are very few cases in which antibiotics are involved. We report a case of ultraviolet recall occurring after ampicillin therapy. Our patient suffered severe vesiculobullous skin reaction in areas that had been sunburned only minimally 2 months previously. The patch test was positive only to ampicillin tested in the skin previously affected.